Vários fatores são considerados igualmente relevantes para a construção do Capital Social e da vivência de felicidade em grupos e comunidades. Aspectos objetivos como renda, escolaridade, condições de moradia, saneamento básico, acesso a lazer, disponibilidade de serviços essenciais e participação na vida social costumam indicar altos índices de engajamento cívico, confiança, relações positivas, satisfação com a vida e outros associados à felicidade e ao capital social. No brasil, muitos desses indicadores apresentam níveis muito abaixo dos de outros países em iguais condições de desenvolvimento. É comum relacionar-se tais resultados com questões específicas do cenário nacional, como é o caso da desigualdade socioeconômica. Nesse sentido, pouco se compreende sobre a influência de fatores subjetivos sobre os indicadores de felicidade e de capital social no Brasil. Esse estudo se propôs a avançar nessa compreensão. A partir da investigação de duas vizinhanças com considerável nível de igualdade socioeconômica, e caracterizadas por infraestrutura e saneamento acima da média brasileira, pretendeu-se entender como aspectos subjetivos e inconscientes estão associados à felicidade e ao capital social. Utilizando como referência os elementos arquetípicos e simbólicos dos estudos sobre o Imaginário Cultural, buscou-se averiguar o impacto da paisagem na percepção que os moradores têm de suas comunidades. Indo além, procurou-se identificar como o imaginário sobre a paisagem interfere na forma como os habitantes pensam, sentem e agem em relação aos seus bairros e em relação as interações que estabelecem com suas vizinhanças. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que, no contexto brasileiro, complexos culturais arraigados ao nível do inconsciente influenciam a forma de se conduzir as relações sociais. O complexo da cordialidade aparece como impeditivo para a confiança interpessoal e para o aprofundamento das redes sociais e das relações positivas, comprometendo assim o envolvimento dos indivíduos com a vida coletiva. Na ausência de ações individuais voltadas para a promoção do bem comum, perde-se elementos fundamentais para a construção do capital social e para a vivência de felicidade / Many factors are equally important to the construction of both social capital and happiness in groups and communities. For instance, objective factors such as income, education, sanitation, living conditions, leisure, availability of essential services and social life engagement usually indicate high levels of civic engagement, trust, positive relations and satisfaction with life. In Brazil, the levels of many of these indicators are well below those of other countries in similar development stage. Such disparities are commonly justified by characteristics of the Brazilian society, such as social and economic inequality, with little being known about how subjective factors affect these indicators. This study thus intends to contribute to the understanding of how subjective factors influence the experience of happiness and the construction of social capital in Brazil, by investigating two neighborhoods characterized by low levels of social and economic inequality and with living conditions above the Brazilian average. Archetypical and symbolic elements borrowed from studies about Cultural Imaginary are employed in assessing how the landscape affects the way dwellers perceive their respective communities. This study also seeks to identify how the imaginary about the landscape interferes on the way dwellers think, feel and act, both in relation to their neighborhoods and to the way they interact with their neighbors. The obtained results suggest that cultural complexes deeply rooted in the Brazilian unconscious influence the way social relations are conducted. The cordiality complex emerges as hindrance to the development of interpersonal trust and to the deepening of social networks and positive relations, hence negatively affecting the engagement of individuals in collective life. In the absence of individual actions aimed at promoting common well-being, essential elements to the construction of happiness and social capital are lost

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:46:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Liani Fernandes de Moraes.pdf: 901745 bytes, checksum: 7dc2de394ec9836a8945121dba9767ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-15 / The corpus of this paper seeks to analyze the nature of the multiple voices which can be heard through the characters speeches in the five short stories in Anecdotes of Destiny by Karen Blixen. Each voice may represent one or more possibilities of expression such as the autobiographical, the symbolic, or even the statutory voice, by revealing meanings and intonations according to the characters changeable positions within the plots. Such voices can not be considered as consequences of the proposed conflicts; instead, they determine the tensions through which the stories evolve. This study is based on Mikhail Bakhtin s postulates in reference to the theory of dialogism, which in the case of the present paper, were transferred to the short story, a hybrid genre whose origin derives from the tales passed on through the generations by oral transmission. In the specific case of Karen Blixen s short stories, the study of the voices is linked to the own genesis of tales as oral narratives, which were passed to written form by keeping certain characteristics of the archetypical voices, which can be heard individually, or simultaneously superimposed, in a heteroglossical harmony capable of generating multiple meanings. / O corpus deste trabalho é constituído pela análise das múltiplas vozes que se fazem ouvir por meio dos discursos das personagens nos cinco contos de Anedotas do Destino, de Karen Blixen. Cada voz pode representar uma ou mais possibilidades de expressão, como a voz autobiográfica, a voz simbólica, ou ainda, a voz estatutária, revelando significados e entonações segundo as posições mutáveis das personagens ao longo dos enredos. Tais vozes não podem ser consideradas conseqüências dos conflitos propostos; ao contrário, são elas que determinam os embates por meio dos quais se desenvolvem as narrativas. Este estudo baseia-se nos postulados de Mikhail Bakhtin referentes à teoria do dialogismo, os quais, no caso deste trabalho, foram transferidos para o conto, gênero híbrido cuja origem remonta ao período das histórias passadas através das gerações pela oralidade. No caso específico dos contos de Karen Blixen, a análise das vozes remete à própria gênese do conto como narrativa oral, cuja passagem para a forma escrita conserva certas características das vozes arquetípicas, as quais se fazem ouvir individual ou simultaneamente sobrepostas umas às outras, numa harmonia heteroglóssica geradora de múltiplos sentidos.

Vários fatores são considerados igualmente relevantes para a construção do Capital Social e da vivência de felicidade em grupos e comunidades. Aspectos objetivos como renda, escolaridade, condições de moradia, saneamento básico, acesso a lazer, disponibilidade de serviços essenciais e participação na vida social costumam indicar altos índices de engajamento cívico, confiança, relações positivas, satisfação com a vida e outros associados à felicidade e ao capital social. No brasil, muitos desses indicadores apresentam níveis muito abaixo dos de outros países em iguais condições de desenvolvimento. É comum relacionar-se tais resultados com questões específicas do cenário nacional, como é o caso da desigualdade socioeconômica. Nesse sentido, pouco se compreende sobre a influência de fatores subjetivos sobre os indicadores de felicidade e de capital social no Brasil. Esse estudo se propôs a avançar nessa compreensão. A partir da investigação de duas vizinhanças com considerável nível de igualdade socioeconômica, e caracterizadas por infraestrutura e saneamento acima da média brasileira, pretendeu-se entender como aspectos subjetivos e inconscientes estão associados à felicidade e ao capital social. Utilizando como referência os elementos arquetípicos e simbólicos dos estudos sobre o Imaginário Cultural, buscou-se averiguar o impacto da paisagem na percepção que os moradores têm de suas comunidades. Indo além, procurou-se identificar como o imaginário sobre a paisagem interfere na forma como os habitantes pensam, sentem e agem em relação aos seus bairros e em relação as interações que estabelecem com suas vizinhanças. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que, no contexto brasileiro, complexos culturais arraigados ao nível do inconsciente influenciam a forma de se conduzir as relações sociais. O complexo da cordialidade aparece como impeditivo para a confiança interpessoal e para o aprofundamento das redes sociais e das relações positivas, comprometendo assim o envolvimento dos indivíduos com a vida coletiva. Na ausência de ações individuais voltadas para a promoção do bem comum, perde-se elementos fundamentais para a construção do capital social e para a vivência de felicidade / Many factors are equally important to the construction of both social capital and happiness in groups and communities. For instance, objective factors such as income, education, sanitation, living conditions, leisure, availability of essential services and social life engagement usually indicate high levels of civic engagement, trust, positive relations and satisfaction with life. In Brazil, the levels of many of these indicators are well below those of other countries in similar development stage. Such disparities are commonly justified by characteristics of the Brazilian society, such as social and economic inequality, with little being known about how subjective factors affect these indicators. This study thus intends to contribute to the understanding of how subjective factors influence the experience of happiness and the construction of social capital in Brazil, by investigating two neighborhoods characterized by low levels of social and economic inequality and with living conditions above the Brazilian average. Archetypical and symbolic elements borrowed from studies about Cultural Imaginary are employed in assessing how the landscape affects the way dwellers perceive their respective communities. This study also seeks to identify how the imaginary about the landscape interferes on the way dwellers think, feel and act, both in relation to their neighborhoods and to the way they interact with their neighbors. The obtained results suggest that cultural complexes deeply rooted in the Brazilian unconscious influence the way social relations are conducted. The cordiality complex emerges as hindrance to the development of interpersonal trust and to the deepening of social networks and positive relations, hence negatively affecting the engagement of individuals in collective life. In the absence of individual actions aimed at promoting common well-being, essential elements to the construction of happiness and social capital are lost

The pronounced constraints on ecosystem functioning and human livelihoods in drylands are frequently exacerbated by natural and socio-economic stresses, including weather extremes and inequitable trade conditions. Therefore, a better understanding of the relation between these stresses and the socio-ecological systems is important for advancing dryland development. The concept of vulnerability as applied in this dissertation describes this relation as encompassing the exposure to climate, market and other stresses as well as the sensitivity of the systems to these stresses and their capacity to adapt. With regard to the interest in improving environmental and living conditions in drylands, this dissertation aims at a meaningful generalisation of heterogeneous vulnerability situations. A pattern recognition approach based on clustering revealed typical vulnerability-creating mechanisms at global and local scales. One study presents the first analysis of dryland vulnerability with global coverage at a sub-national resolution. The cluster analysis resulted in seven typical patterns of vulnerability according to quantitative indication of poverty, water stress, soil degradation, natural agro-constraints and isolation. Independent case studies served to validate the identified patterns and to prove the transferability of vulnerability-reducing approaches. Due to their worldwide coverage, the global results allow the evaluation of a specific system’s vulnerability in its wider context, even in poorly-documented areas. Moreover, climate vulnerability of smallholders was investigated with regard to their food security in the Peruvian Altiplano. Four typical groups of households were identified in this local dryland context using indicators for harvest failure risk, agricultural resources, education and non-agricultural income. An elaborate validation relying on independently acquired information demonstrated the clear correlation between weather-related damages and the identified clusters. It also showed that household-specific causes of vulnerability were consistent with the mechanisms implied by the corresponding patterns. The synthesis of the local study provides valuable insights into the tailoring of interventions that reflect the heterogeneity within the social group of smallholders. The conditions necessary to identify typical vulnerability patterns were summarised in five methodological steps. They aim to motivate and to facilitate the application of the selected pattern recognition approach in future vulnerability analyses. The five steps outline the elicitation of relevant cause-effect hypotheses and the quantitative indication of mechanisms as well as an evaluation of robustness, a validation and a ranking of the identified patterns. The precise definition of the hypotheses is essential to appropriately quantify the basic processes as well as to consistently interpret, validate and rank the clusters. In particular, the five steps reflect scale-dependent opportunities, such as the outcome-oriented aspect of validation in the local study. Furthermore, the clusters identified in Northeast Brazil were assessed in the light of important endogenous processes in the smallholder systems which dominate this region. In order to capture these processes, a qualitative dynamic model was developed using generalised rules of labour allocation, yield extraction, budget constitution and the dynamics of natural and technological resources. The model resulted in a cyclic trajectory encompassing four states with differing degree of criticality. The joint assessment revealed aggravating conditions in major parts of the study region due to the overuse of natural resources and the potential for impoverishment. The changes in vulnerability-creating mechanisms identified in Northeast Brazil are well-suited to informing local adjustments to large-scale intervention programmes, such as “Avança Brasil”. Overall, the categorisation of a limited number of typical patterns and dynamics presents an efficient approach to improving our understanding of dryland vulnerability. Appropriate decision-making for sustainable dryland development through vulnerability reduction can be significantly enhanced by pattern-specific entry points combined with insights into changing hotspots of vulnerability and the transferability of successful adaptation strategies. / Die Grenzen ökologischer Funktionen und menschlicher Lebensweisen in Trockengebieten werden häufig durch natürlichen und sozio-ökonomischen Stress, wie extreme Wetterereignisse und ungerechte Handelsbedingungen, weiter verengt. Zur Förderung der Entwicklung in Trockengebieten ist es daher wichtig, die Beziehung zwischen den Stressfaktoren und den sozio-ökologischen Systemen besser zu verstehen. Das Konzept der Vulnerabilität, welches in der vorliegenden Dissertation angewandt wird, beschreibt dieses Verhältnis durch die Exposition, Sensitivität und Anpassungsfähigkeit von Systemen im Hinblick auf Klima-, Markt- und anderen Stress. Bezüglich des Interesses, die Umwelt- und Lebensbedingungen in Trockengebieten zu verbessern, zielt diese Dissertation darauf ab, die vielschichtigen Ursachen und Veränderungen von Vulnerabilität sinnvoll zu verallgemeinern. Eine clusterbasierte Mustererkennung zeigte typische Mechanismen auf, welche Vulnerabilität auf globaler und lokaler Ebene verursachen. Dabei stellt die globale Studie die erste flächendeckende Untersuchung von Vulnerabilität in Trockengebieten mit sub-nationaler Auflösung dar. Die Clusteranalyse identifizierte sieben typische Muster basierend auf der quantitativen Beschreibung von Armut, Wasserknappheit, Bodendegradation, natürlichen Produktionshemmnissen und Isolation. Die Gültigkeit der ermittelten Cluster und die Übertragbarkeit von Anpassungsmaßnahmen innerhalb ähnlicher Gebiete wurden anhand unabhängiger Fallstudien belegt. Die flächendeckende Erfassung erlaubt es, die Vulnerabilität eines Systems in seinem größeren Kontext zu bewerten, auch in weniger gut durch Fallstudien dokumentierten Gebieten. Weiterhin wurde die Klimavulnerabilität von Kleinbauern bezüglich ihrer Nahrungsmittelsicherung im peruanischen Altiplano untersucht. In diesem lokalen Kontext wurden vier Cluster von Haushalten gemäß ihrer Produktionsrisiken, landwirtschaftlichen Ressourcen, der Bildung und ihres nicht-landwirtschaftlichen Einkommens unterschieden. Eine erweiterte Gültigkeitsprüfung unter Nutzung unabhängig erhobener Informationen stellte heraus, dass wetterbedingte Schäden mit den ermittelten Clustern korrelieren und dass haushaltsspezifische Schadensursachen mit den durch die Muster angezeigten Mechanismen übereinstimmen. Die lokale Studie liefert wertvolle Hinweise auf bedarfsgerechte Eingriffe unter Beachtung der Heterogenität innerhalb der sozialen Gruppe der Kleinbauern. Die notwendigen Bedingungen zur Erkennung typischer Muster ergaben fünf methodische Schritte. Ihre Darlegung soll die Anwendung der gewählten Methode in zukünftigen Vulnerabilitätsstudien anregen und erleichtern. Die fünf Schritte umfassen die Ableitung relevanter Ursache-Wirkungs-Hypothesen, die Quantifizierung der Mechanismen, die Bewertung von Robustheit und Gültigkeit sowie die Ordnung der ermittelten Muster nach dem Grad der Vulnerabilität. Dabei ist die genaue Beschreibung der Hypothesen eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Quantifizierung der grundlegenden Prozesse sowie eine einheitliche Interpretation, Gültigkeitsprüfung und Ordnung der ermittelten Muster. Besondere Beachtung finden skalenbedingte Aspekte, wie beispielsweise die ergebnisorientierte Gültigkeitsprüfung in der lokalen Studie. Weiterhin wurden die in Nordostbrasilien ermittelten Cluster im Hinblick auf wichtige endogene Prozesse in den dort vorherrschenden kleinbäuerlichen Nutzungssystemen untersucht. Diese Prozesse umfassen die Aufteilung der Arbeitskraft, die landwirtschaftliche Produktion sowie Einkommens- und Ressourcendynamiken. Sie wurden in einem qualitativen dynamischen Modell erfasst, welches eine zyklische Trajektorie mit vier unterschiedlich problematischen Entwicklungszuständen ergab. Als besonders problematischer Aspekt verschärfte sich die Vulnerabilität in weiten Teilen des Untersuchungsgebietes durch die Übernutzung natürlicher Ressourcen und die Möglichkeit weiterer Verarmung. Die in Nordostbrasilien gezeigten Veränderungen sind dazu geeignet, groß angelegte Entwicklungsprogramme, wie zum Beispiel “Avança Brasil”, angemessen an lokale Gegebenheiten anzupassen. Insgesamt ermöglicht es die Kategorisierung einer begrenzten Anzahl typischer Muster und Veränderungen, die Vulnerabilität in Trockengebieten besser zu verstehen. Eine nachhaltige Entwicklung von Trockengebieten basierend auf der Minderung von Vulnerabilität kann durch musterspezifische Ansätze zusammen mit Hinweisen zu Veränderungen im Schweregrad und zur Übertragbarkeit erfolgreicher Anpassungsstrategien wirkungsvoll unterstützt werden.

The knowledge and theories of strategic planning derive mainly from studies of big companies. Only exceptionally have studies been carried out to examine the conditions of planning in small and medium-sized firms. In view of this, the main purpose of this work is to contribute to the development of know­ledge of the phenomenon of planning in small and medium-sized firms, using theoretical and empirical studies. The research process has been a continuous interaction between theory and empirical data. Through teoretical studies we have penetrated environmental and strategic issues of importance for the planning process, and this section concludes with a developed frame of reference which rests on three main com­ponents, the task environment, the firm viewed as a planning system and the planning process. Together these components are said to produce plans which have the ultimate purpose of creating better conditions for the firm to interact with its environment. A multimethodological approach (triangulation) is used in the empirical phase of the study. Via a comprehensive questionnaire, primarily quantitative data of structural conditions and relationships were gathered. Eurthermore, nine case studies were executed in order to increase the know­ledge and understanding of the interaction of structure and process and, finally, a single company was studied over a period of several years with an intimate action reseach strategy. In this study we have found that formal and comprehensive strategic planning only takes place in a minority of the firms studied. Instead their planning is usually based on more informal and spontaneous processes. This should not be interpreted as implying a unified way of creating strategic planning. On the contrary, there are a variety of different planning styles, each based on specific conditions. This indicates that the planning process is contingent upon a number of factors and in this study we have found that there is a normal agreement between the environmental situation, the organizational characteristics and the planning style. An analysis of these dimensions shows that they represent forces which strive towards harmony with each other in order to make the firm successful. Three natural planning-archetypes have been found where there is a corres­pondence between the enviroment, intrinsical structure and planning style. The first of these is given the ideograph "programming" and is recognized by a plan­ning process where the "primus motor" is derived from the existing operations. The second archetype is called "arranging", based on the fact that these organi­zations, by minor and frequent adjustments, are trying to find exploitable niches. The third category we distinguished is termed "creative". All their future-orientated actions are based on the significant actors and their capa­bility to visualize the future, expressing certain goals and how to achieve them. / <p>retroaktiv registrering</p> / digitalisering@umu

Magistro darbo objektas – kelionės samprata XIX amžiuje, tikslas – išanalizuoti mažiau žinomų ir nagrinėtų keliautojų po Lietuvą tekstus, atskleisti ir suvokti kelionės motyvą XIX amžiaus poezijoje ir prozoje. Tikslo įgyvendinimui darbas suskirstytas į tris dalis ir pasirinkti šie autoriai bei jų kūriniai: V. Sirokomlė „Nemunas nuo versmių iki žiočių“, K. Tiškevičius „Neris ir jos krantai“, A.H. Kirkoras „Pasivaikščiojimai po Vilnių ir jo apylinkes“, M. Balinskis „Vilniaus miesto istorija“, L. A. Jucevičius „Žemaičių žemės prisiminimai“ – tai realios kelionės po Lietuvą; poetinė XIX amžiaus kelionė A.Baranauskas, A. Mickevičius, Maironis, A. Vienažindys, P. Vaičaitis, jų kūryboje stengtasi atskleisti – kaip poetai perteikė kelionės motyvą, kokias prasmes įgyja realiosios kelionės virsdamos dvasinėmis; J. S. Dovydaitis „Šiaulėniškis senelis“, P. Gomalevskis „Aplankymas seniuko“, M. Akelaitis „Kwestorius po Lietuwa wažinedamas žmonis bemokinąsis“, M. Valančius „Palangos Juzė“ – didaktų kelionės, kur aiškinamasi moralinės vertybės, bei kaupiama įvairi medžiaga. Darbo metodai pasirinkti atsižvelgiant į išsikeltus uždavinius: apžvelgti Lietuvą XIX amžiaus keliautojų akimis; išnagrinėti skirtingų autorių kelionių sampratas; ieškoti tekstuose tarpdisciplininių – etnografinių, folklorinių ryšių. Tad daugiausia naudojamas aprašomasis metodas bei remiamasi mitokritikos ir istorizmo metodais. Išanalizavus pirmosios dalies autorius, galima teigti, kad kiekvienas savo kelionėje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the master’s work dealing with the travel conception in the XIX century is aimed to the analysis of the lesser-known and studied texts concerning travelers’ and their travels around Lithuania, developing and perceiving travel’s motive in the poetry and prose of the XIX century. With the view of the fulfillment of the aim the work is divided into three units and the writings of the following authors are opted: “The Nemunas from the Springhead to the Outfall” by V. Sirokomlė, “The Neris and its Banks” by K. Tiškevičius, “Strolling around Vilnius and its Surroundings” by A.H. Kirkoras, “The History of Vilnius Town” by M. Balinskis, “The Memories of the Land of the Lowlanders” by L. A. Jucevičius involving real travels around Lithuania; while A.Baranauskas, A. Mickevičius, Maironis, A. Vienažindys, P. Vaičaitis introduce poetical travel of the XIX century aiming to display the methods conveying the travel motifs and expressing significance of the real travels which convert into the spiritual ones; “Grandfather from Siauliai” by J. S. Dovydaitis, “Visiting the Old Codger” by P. Gomalevskis, “Quest Teaching People Traveling around Lithuania” by M. Akelaitis, “ Palangos Juze” by M. Valančius comprehending peregrination by didacts, interpreting moral values and collecting multifarious material. The work methods are chosen according to the set problems: reviewing Lithuania from the point of view of the travelers of the XIX century; approaching travel conceptions... [to full text]

The novel manuscript Blue Horses (published as Dust, by Random House Australia under its Woolshed Press Imprint, July 2009) focuses on a dusty corner of 1970’s Queensland in this evocative tale of family, shadows that hang over from childhood and beauty found in unexpected places. Its protagonist, Cecilia Maria, was named after saints and martyrs to give her something to live up to. “Over my dead body,” she vows. Her battles with a six-pack of brothers and the despised Kapernicke girls from the farm next door teach her an unforgettable lesson that echoes down through the years. Now she’s heading back to where it all began, with teenagers Jed and Jenna reluctantly in tow. She plans to dance on a grave and track down some ghosts. Instead she learns a new lesson at the gravesite of an old enemy. The exegesis examines Jung’s concept of the Shadow Archetype as a catalyst for individuation in writing for young adults. It discusses the need to re-vision Jung’s work within a feminist framework and contrasts it to Julia Kristeva’s work on the abject. Alyssa Brugman’s Walking Naked and Sonya Hartnett’s Sleeping Dogs are analysed in relation to these concepts and lead into my own creative reflections on, and justification for, use of the Shadow conceptual framework. In following my shadow and establishing a creative dialogue between my conscious intent and unconscious inspirations, I have discovered a writing self that is “other” to the professional writer persona of my past.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / On title page: M.Phil in Ancient Cultures. Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2007. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-160).

Grâce à une analyse fondée sur l'esthétique et la théorétique, cette recherche sur le photojournalisme et ses archétypes soulève de nombreuses questions. La théorétique est l'approche d’une pratique considérée d’abord sous l’angle du « sans-Art » qui se distingue de l’esthétique en tant qu'approche théorique d’une réflexion assimilée principalement à l’art. La notion d'archétype est réfléchie à travers ses diverses facettes et donc avec différents champs d’études (psychologie, philosophie, mythologie...). Avant de s'intéresser aux photographies, il est important de déterminer comment l'image du photojournaliste s'est forgée à travers le temps. En revisitant la vie de Robert Capa et ce que l’on en dit, les travaux du mythologue Joseph Campbell apportent un éclairage nouveau et rend complexe mais possible l'analogie entre le héros de mythe et celui qui est considéré dès 1938 comme le plus grand photographe de guerre du monde. L'analyse approfondie et singulière des photographies primées au World Press Photo (WPP) dans la catégorie World Press Photo of the Year, de la création du concours à 2013 ouvre d’autres perspectives sur l'évolution du photojournalisme. Ce corpus iconographique traite principalement des catastrophes naturelles, de la famine, de la guerre et du terrorisme. L’être humain, ses actes et ses conséquences sont continuellement au cœur des reportages. Il faut parfois remonter très loin dans l'histoire de l'humanité pour comprendre les préoccupations du monde contemporain et les images que l'on en perçoit. Certaines photographies primées se sont imposées comme des marqueurs temporels historiques et forgent la mémoire collective. Plusieurs facteurs contribuent à développer cette mémoire collective. Se questionner sur l'archétype dans ces photographies, c'est aussi reconsidérer l'image mentale et l'image en tant qu'objet pour mieux discerner ses contours et appréhender ses enjeux. Le cheminement de cette recherche emprunte des voies inattendues pour livrer une interprétation novatrice de ces photographies de presse. / Through an analysis based on the aesthetics and theoretical approaches, this research of photojournalism and archetypes raises many questions. The theoretical approach is to look at a practice first in terms of non-Art, as distinct from aesthetics as a theoretical approach to something that is primarily equated with art. The concept of archetype is studied through its various facets and thus with different approaches (psychology, philosophy, mythology, etc.). Before looking at photographs, it is important to determine how the image of photojournalist was forged through time. Revisiting the life of Robert Capa and what is said about it, the work of a mythologist, Joseph Campbell, sheds new light and makes it possible, although complex, to draw an analogy between the hero in myths and the man that is considered since 1938 as the greatest war photographer in the world. The detailed and unique analysis of the photographs awarded a prize by the World Press Photo (WPP), in the category World Press Photo of the Year, since the award was created until 2013, opens new perspectives on the evolution of photojournalism. This iconographic imagery deals primarily with natural disasters, famine, war and terrorism. The focus of the reports is continuously on people, their actions and their consequences. It is sometimes necessary go far back in history to understand the concerns of the contemporary world and the images that we perceive of it. Some winning photographs have emerged as historical time markers and shape our collective memory. A number of factors contribute to developing this collective memory. The question of archetype in these photographs also leads us to rethink the mental image and the image as an object, in order to better discern its contours and understand its challenges. This research uses unexpected ways to deliver an innovative interpretation of these press photographs.