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Par sa systématique inclusion au sein de la programmation de salles spécialisées et ciné-clubs qui poussent nombreux tout au long de la deuxième moitié des Années Vingt dans les principales villes d’Europe, le film scientifique se trouve à jouer un rôle déterminant dans la construction de l’avant-garde cinématographique. Notamment en raison des techniques spécifiques qu’il développe, il peut revendiquer sa propre place dans la réflexion sur la spécificité du médium, tout en catalysant la définition de quelques concepts fondamentaux des théories esthétiques de l’époque. Pourquoi l’avant-garde est-elle si magnétiquement attirée par le film scientifique? Comment est-il possible que des films qui ne sont pas de l’art soient entrés, de façon programmatique, dans son horizon esthétique? Après avoir proposé une cartographie du film scientifique et avoir passé en revue sa réception esthétique d'avant-guerre, j’essaye une réponse à cette question, en proposant une  “taxinomie de la révélation” à travers laquelle l’objectif cinématographique, potentialisé par les techniques scientifiques, révèle aux avant-gardes les occurrences multiples de ce que Walter Benjamin appellera dans ces mêmes années l’inconscient optique. Cette taxinomie suit deux axes, dont le premier est dédié au Janus constitué du ralenti et de l’accéléré, qui foudroient l’avant-garde en raison de leur capacité à modifier la temporalité en travaillant sur la cadence variable de l’échantillonnage et de la reproduction des photogrammes, et le deuxième traite du rapprochement aux corps et est dédié au film animalier, aux prises de vues sous-marines, à la micro et radiocinématographie. / Systematically included in the screenings of film societies and ciné-clubs emerging in the late Twenties throughout Europe, scientific film took a pivotal role in the construction of the film avant-garde. In particular, through the special techniques that it developed, it carved its own niche in the growing discourse on medi­ um specificity, catalysing the definition of several key concepts of the aesthetic theories of the time. Why was the avant-garde so magnetically attracted to scientific film? How was it possible that films that are not art could have entered its aesthetic horizon in such a programmatic way? In the first part of the dissertation I propose a cartography of the scientific film, while in the second I review its pre-war aesthetic reception. In the third part I finally try an answer this question, by proposing a “taxonomy of revelation” through which the cinematographic objective, potentiated by scientific techniques, reveals to the avant-garde the multiple occurrences of what Walter Benjamin will call in these same years the optical unconscious. Avant-garde's investigation of the invisible through the powerful eye of cinema is twofold, so the first axis of this taxonomy is dedicated to the Janus made up of slow motion and time-lapse, two techniques that dazzled the avant-garde by virtue of their ability to modify temporality through the different speeds of filmed and and projected frames. On the other hand, since the avant-garde’s eye gradually gazed upon bodies – enveloping, penetrating, sectioning and x-raying them –, the second axis is dedicated to animal and underwater films, microcinematography and x-ray films.

The theme of the work is assessment of argumentation strategies used by Revue Devetsil (ReD) editors, eg in response to articles published elsewhere or other critical contributions - especially in the context of conflict of art and politics. In particular, the observed situations relate to cases in which ReD editors expressed their views on the evaluations of contemporary avant-garde movement. The content of the study is an analysis of argumentation techniques according to social viewpoint. Rather than formal stylistic means, the text is oriented to contents and context of the use of specific or repeated arguments, especially the position from which the message is being produced. At the same time, the work captures the communication traits and characteristics of the First Republic cultural journalism and the position of the Czech avant-garde at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s. The thesis is divided into four chapters and a conclusion. The first one presents the media landscape of the First Republic cultural journalism, the second chapter informs about Devetsil movement, third part focuses on presentation of the goals of the Revue Devetsil, the fourth chapter presents examples of argumentative concepts on the genre of the manifesto, the polemics and the theoretical study. The conclusion discusses...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_j_me_mar.pdf: 1032367 bytes, checksum: 7cd86bb589df47589ac25eda5610af55 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre a teoria de arte em Walter Benjamin e a sua proximidade com os movimentos históricos de vanguarda – sobretudo o dadaísmo e o surrealismo – relacionando-os com a arte, a política e/ou a revolução. A partir do estudo de dois ensaios benjaminianos: “Surrealismo. O último instantâneo da inteligência européia” (1929) e “A obra de arte na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica” (1936), analisaremos os fundamentos pelos quais o autor considerava apenas estes movimentos como vanguarda artística. Esses textos expressam momentos diferentes do autor quanto ao seu entendimento do caráter emancipatório da arte e do uso da técnica. Nesse sentido, trata-se de mostrar em que medida o pensamento de Benjamin, fundamentado na “crise da tradição”, pode ser abordado a partir do movimento surrealista, da escrita automática e da mágica surrealista. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é apontar algumas nuances do conceito de vanguarda, que elucidem aquilo que Benjamin chamou de Iluminação Profana e o seu uso para a revolução / Cette recherche présente une étude sur la théorie de l'art chez Walter Benjamin, et sa proximité avec les mouvements historiques d'avant garde – surtout le dadaísme et le surréalisme – en relation avec l'art, la politique et la révolution. A partir de l'étude, surtout, de deux essais de Benjamin, “Le surréalisme”. Le dernier instantané de l'intelligence européenne (1929) et “L'oeuvre d'art à l'ère de sa reproductibilité technique (1936) nous analiserons les fondements par lesquels l'auteur considérait seulement ces mouvements comme d'avant garde artristique. Ces textes expriment des moments différents de l'auteur quant à ses sentiments du caractère emancipatoire de l'art et de l'usage de la technique. En ce sens, il s'agit de montrer dans quelle mesure la pensée de Benjamin, fondée sur la crise de la tradition peut être abordée à partir du mouvement surréaliste, de l'écriture automatique de la magie surréaliste. Sous cet aspect, l'objectif de cette recherche est de montrer quelques nuances du concept d'avant garde, qui élucide ce que Benjamin a appelé d' Illumination Profane et son usage pour la révolution

Orientador: Robespierre de Oliveira / Banca: Arlenice de Almeida / Banca: Renato Bueno Franco / Resumo: Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre a teoria de arte em Walter Benjamin e a sua proximidade com os movimentos históricos de vanguarda - sobretudo o dadaísmo e o surrealismo - relacionando-os com a arte, a política e/ou a revolução. A partir do estudo de dois ensaios benjaminianos: "Surrealismo. O último instantâneo da inteligência européia" (1929) e "A obra de arte na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica" (1936), analisaremos os fundamentos pelos quais o autor considerava apenas estes movimentos como vanguarda artística. Esses textos expressam momentos diferentes do autor quanto ao seu entendimento do caráter emancipatório da arte e do uso da técnica. Nesse sentido, trata-se de mostrar em que medida o pensamento de Benjamin, fundamentado na "crise da tradição", pode ser abordado a partir do movimento surrealista, da escrita automática e da mágica surrealista. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é apontar algumas nuances do conceito de vanguarda, que elucidem aquilo que Benjamin chamou de Iluminação Profana e o seu uso para a revolução / Abstract: Cette recherche présente une étude sur la théorie de l'art chez Walter Benjamin, et sa proximité avec les mouvements historiques d'avant garde - surtout le dadaísme et le surréalisme - en relation avec l'art, la politique et la révolution. A partir de l'étude, surtout, de deux essais de Benjamin, "Le surréalisme". Le dernier instantané de l'intelligence européenne" (1929) et "L'oeuvre d'art à l'ère de sa reproductibilité technique" (1936) nous analiserons les fondements par lesquels l'auteur considérait seulement ces mouvements comme d'avant garde artristique. Ces textes expriment des moments différents de l'auteur quant à ses sentiments du caractère emancipatoire de l'art et de l'usage de la technique. En ce sens, il s'agit de montrer dans quelle mesure la pensée de Benjamin, fondée sur la "crise de la tradition" peut être abordée à partir du mouvement surréaliste, de l'écriture automatique de la magie surréaliste. Sous cet aspect, l'objectif de cette recherche est de montrer quelques nuances du concept d'avant garde, qui élucide ce que Benjamin a appelé d' Illumination Profane et son usage pour la révolution / Mestre

The submitted thesis concentrates on poetry of the Czech art group "Literární skupina", which was established in 1921. This thesis is divided into several chapters, in which the author interprets the poetry of single authors on the basis of several flag features. There are terms and motives of death and life as two inseparable parts of human being, religiousness and religion and shifting of the original meanings, further conception of an individual in terms of community. Another chapter deals with the motive of heart and reflections of sensibility and emotive involvement in interest of creation of "the new world". The last chapter displays reflections of "Literární skupina" by temporal critics and discussions between this art group and Prague avantgarde group "Devětsil". The author is interpreting the poetry in the context with expressionism, which meaning she feels in the wide word sense, not just as an artistic movement, but as a "stream", which goes through all spheres of human activity. From this point of view the group "Literární skupina" can be also seen - as an art group which was not distanced from expressionism, but on contrary in the beginning joined it via its speaker František Götz. The autor of this study analyzes the theoretical thoughts of "Literární skupina" which obviously in strong contrast to practical artistic gesture in poetry can be found.

Annotation This diploma work is centred on the Milada Součková´s poetry between years 1942 ? 1983. The opening chapter is devoted to thesis and to methodolohical demarcation of the diploma work. Next the work attends to terminological demarcation of the notion ?avant-garde?. Primarily features chosen vocabulary imtems then result from Vladimír Papoušek´s book ? Gravitation of avant-gard. The second chapter deal with confrontation tendency of avant-garde with artistic tendency in Milada Součková´s piece. The work then ask question if is adequate to talk of Součková in context of avant-garde. Then the work hints at the same problemms in the chapter three which is devoted to Milada Součková´s husband, Zdenek Rykr. Then this chapter deals with contracted interception of Rykr´s life and try to cut up the similar common tendencies in the husbands´s pieces. The chapter fourth focuses on three Milada Součková´s studies, written between 1954 ? 1964. There are the studies characterized shortly in the work and confronted partly with the Součková´s piece and life again. The closing chapter is devoted to Milada Součková´s poetry itself. There are presented the idividual garners in the subchapters, the garners are interpreted by authoress of this work, she captures common tendencies of Součková´s piece and the garners are confronted each other. She references to two poems published between 1938 - 1939 also. The claim of this chapter is then to cut up the metamorphoses or recurrent themes, motives in the Milada Součková´s complex piece on the contrary.

abstract: The 1920s have played a key role in the formation of the Latin American consciousness of its own cultural identity. In approaching the selected three heterogeneous regions of Latin America, the Southern Cone, the Andean Zone and the Afroantillan Caribbean, this research focuses on Latin American identity issues as a literary avant-garde construct found in the poetics and in the programmatic texts of the leading avant-garde journals of each corresponding region: Martín Fierro (1924-1927) in Argentina; revista de avance (1927-1930) in Cuba, and Amauta (1926-1930) in Perú. To carry out this kind of analysis and to fully understand the historic implications characteristics of each region, one of the initial tasks of the study has been to contextualize the period in each country in which the journals were published. After that, an analysis of each region's avant-garde production has been performed in order to categorize and situate the underlying questions of identity expressed in corresponding journals. Each region has been studied separately, yet all in view of contributing to a comprehensive and comparative study of the regions selected. The final result has been an organization of diverse principal semantic and ideological fields overlapping in and cross-crossing different regions as represented by the selected literary journals. Starting from the very same literature, which was inspired by the spirit of its time, this research has aimed at reconstructing the notions of identity that were common within the intellectual circles of the avant-garde times as expressed in the journals Martín Fierro, revista de avance, and Amauta, and, in the end, played a signal role in the development of national and continental cultural identity consciousness throughout Latin America from the beginning of the 20th century until today. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Spanish 2012

Du premier cercle romantique allemand, à la fin du XVIIIème siècle, jusqu’à l’Internationale Situationniste, dans les années 1960, en passant notamment par les groupes futuristes, dadaïstes et surréalistes, la poésie s’est identifiée au projet d’une révolution globale et permanente de l’existence quotidienne. Pendant près de deux siècles, tous ces poètes ont tenté de concilier les mots d’ordre marxiste et rimbaldien « transformer le monde » et « changer la vie ». Ce faisant, ils redéfinirent les formes et les pratiques de la poésie de même que les termes et les enjeux du programme socialiste révolutionnaire du XIXème siècle, définissant ainsi ce que nous appelons un « socialisme du XXème siècle ». Au-delà du domaine classique de l’écriture littéraire, la poésie doit désormais se réaliser en états superbes, en gestes et en comportements inédits, transposant dans le réel et dans les actes tout le potentiel de créativité jusque-là contenu dans le domaine des lettres et de la fiction. Ses principales caractéristiques (autonomie, culture des désirs, créativité et capacité à redynamiser et à repassionner le réel en excédant sans cesse les données sensibles et intellectuelles présentes) définissent un nouvel exercice de la vie, à la fois individuel et social, tandis que sa perception de l’univers, en tant que système dynamique, permet d’envisager un nouveau modèle politique fondé sur les mêmes principes d’autonomie, de créativité et de dynamisme social.Ce présent travail tente de cerner et d’analyser les enjeux et les pratiques liés à un tel projet, jusque dans ses prolongements les plus récents. Nous avons exploité l’histoire des idées en vue d’un seul véritable objectif : appréhender au plus près les enjeux de pratiques à la fois diverses et convergentes, mettre en évidence les apports, la pertinence et les éventuelles limites de leur démarche pour les réinscrire dans ce que nous appelons une « théorie des pratiques » et produire ainsi, au-delà de ces réalisations du passé, les fondements d’une nouvelle théorie pratique. / From the first german romantism, at the end of the XVIIIth century, to the International Situationnist, in the 1960’s, through the futurist, the dadaïst and the surrealist avant-gardes, poetry became one with the project of a global and permanent revolution of the everyday life. During almost two centuries, all these poets have tried to reconcile the marxist and the rimbaldian key-words « transform the world » and « change the life ». In doing so, they redetermined the forms and the practices of the poetry, as well as the terms and the stakes of the revolutionnary socialist program, determining what we call a « Twentieth century socialism ». Beyond the classical range of the litterary writing, poetry has now to be realized into new acts and behaviours, transposing all the potential of creativity contained in the letters and the fictions until now. Its main characteristics (autonomy, developement of the desires, creativity and ability to redynamize and to impassion reality) define a new way of life and its perception of the universe as a dynamic system defines a new political model based on the same principles of self-government, creativity and social dynamism.All along this work, we have tried to define and to analyze the stakes and the practices linked to such a project, up to now. We have processed the history of ideas with one purpose : to define the stakes of varied and convergent practices, their contributions and their limitations, in order to incorporate them into what we called a « theory of practices » and to create the basis of a new practical theory for the present times.

Orientador: Maria Eugenia da Gama Alves Boaventura Dias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T07:10:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_RodrigoCardoso_M.pdf: 806498 bytes, checksum: 85fd1ddd492a5f0357559ddc3b0cab64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho descreve e analisa a concepção de palavra na poesia práxis, manifestação vanguardista brasileira do final dos anos 50 do último século. Dividida em três capítulos, a dissertação concentra-se na obra do fundador de Práxis, Mário Chamie, especificamente Lavra Lavra (1962) e no manifesto didático que lhe serve de posfácio. No primeiro capítulo, levantam-se as questões concernentes à oposição entre palavra e discurso no debate sobre poesia no Brasil e apresentam-se as primeiras idéias de Chamie sobre o assunto. A partir da análise de textos poéticos e teóricos do autor, detectamos uma linha que vai de uma concepção segundo a qual a palavra poética configura o mundo a uma visão que subordina a poesia aos dados concretos da realidade. No segundo capítulo, são analisados os princípios apresentados no manifesto didático do poema práxis e alguns textos de Lavra Lavra. Nesta parte, são apresentadas as concepções do autor acerca da palavra como "matéria-prima" e "energia". No terceiro e último capítulo discute-se a noção de engajamento em literatura, ressaltando-se os impasses entre experimentalismo e participação social na poesia brasileira dos anos 60. Também é apresentada a natureza do engajamento social de Práxis / Abstract: This dissertation describes and analyses the conception of word in Praxis Poetry, Brazilian avant-garde manifestation of the late 50's last century. The dissertation, divided into three chapters, focuses on the founder of Praxis, Mário Chamie, specifically Lavra Lavra (1962) and on the didactic manifest that was used as a postscript. In the first chapter, we present Chamie's first ideas raising questions concerned on opposition between word and speech in debate about poetry in Brazil. From the analysis of poetical and theoretical texts of the author, we detected a line of thinking in which the poetical word sets the world to a vision that subordinates poetry to specific evidences of reality. We analysed, in the second chapter, the principles presented on didactic manifest of Praxis, as some Lavra Lavra texts. This part shows the author's conceptions about the word as "raw material" and "energy". In the last chapter we discuss the involving notion at literature, emphasizing the impasses between the experimentalism and social participation in Brazilian poetry in the 60 years. Besides it has been presented the nature of engagement of Praxis / Mestrado / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária