Botanical gardens perform a wide variety of functions, from which one of the most important is an educational function. They provide to visitors a large range of services such as guided tours, a variety of educational programs, worksheets etc. The same applies to the Botanical garden of Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. The main aim of the thesis was to prepare worksheets concerning expositions of aquatic and marsh plants in already mentioned botanical garden, verify them on students and adjust them to final forms. The results of the thesis are two different versions (spring and autumn) of the worksheets as well as author's solution and methodological manual for teachers. Within the thesis I also implemented the questionnaire survey where I dealt with the issue of teaching the theme of aquatic and marsh plants at Czech grammar schools and examined the attitude of teachers to field trips during botany teaching. Key words: botanical garden, worksheet, aquatic and marsh plants, field trip, questionnaire

This diploma thesis is dedicated to teaching botany, and is focused namely on lessons concerning toxic plants. The first part deals with creating of worksheets for secondary school students for field trip into Botanic Garden of Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. The second part compares effectiveness of classical lesson and the field trip. Students of the first grades from four secondary schools (grammar schools) were divided into two groups.The first group was taught by classic conventional teaching in classroom (control group) and the second group (experimental) was taken for the field trip to the Botanic Garden of Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. The effectiveness of education was measured by means of a knowledge test before the lesson (pre-test) and after it (post-test). Level of knowledge increased in experimental groups and control groups, however, the difference between individual groups was not significant. Key words: toxic plants, botanical garden, field trips, worksheets, knowledge testing

[pt] Jardins botânicos são instituições que visam a pesquisa, o estudo e a conservação vegetal, e estão cada vez mais abertas ao público. O Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, uma das mais antigas instituições científicas do país, tem na dimensão educativa um importante elo de ligação com o público. As escolas são parte significativa do universo de visitantes, que a cada ano e para a qual, foram criados projetos específicos de educação ambiental. Este estudo teve por objetivo examinar as relações do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro com o público escolar, através de observações de práticas educativas desenvolvidas na instituição, e de entrevistas realizadas nas escolas, com professores que levam suas turmas para visitas ao Jardim. Os dados obtidos na pesquisa permitem identificar questões que favorecem e outras que dificultam a aproximação entre esses dois universos, Jardim e escola, o que pode contribuir para a construção de uma possível parceria. / [en] Botanical Gardens are institutions increasingly open to a public that seeks to study and preserve flora. The Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro, one of the oldest scientific institutions in Brazil, has created an important bond with the public through its educational activities. Schools, for which specific environmental educational projects have been created, are a significant portion of the universe of visitors, which is increasing every year. The present study has the purpose of examining the relationship between the Botanical Garden and the school public, by means of observation of the educational practices developed by the institution, together with interviews conducted with the teachers who bring their students to the Garden. The data obtained in the research allowed the identification of elements that favor, as well as those that hinder, the approximation of these two universes, The Botanical Garden and the school, thus contributing to the development of an effective partnership.

A presente pesquisa aponta para a relação entre o ensino de Geografia e os espaços públicos, mediados pelo trabalho de campo. É possível construir competências no Jardim Botânico, através da Geografia, ou não? A delimitação analítica escolhe como estudo de caso o Jardim Botânico de Porto Alegre, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O trabalho está ancorado, metodologicamente, no Paradigma da Complexidade, através da Pesquisa Qualitativa. Buscou-se inicialmente a compreensão de qual a representação que o Jardim Botânico carrega entre professores de Geografia. O Jardim Botânico é elemento do todo Espaço Geográfico, de modo que se apresenta como um conjunto solidário, contraditório e inseparável de objetos e ações. A compreensão do todo depende das partes, e estas da totalidade. Ciente de tal postulado, o trabalho apresenta um conjunto de atividades pedagógicas, elaboradas com o amparo das teorias do Ensino de Geografia e da Pedagogia Social Crítica, mediadas pela Epistemologia Genética. A compreensão dessas atividades é realizada através da construção de trabalhos de campo com alunos de Ensino Médio, matriculados na Rede Pública Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa aponta a necessidade da construção, na escola, de um pensamento reflexivo, voltado à cidadania, compreendendo os alunos enquanto sujeitos históricos no processo de mudança da sociedade. O trabalho de campo é uma aproximação com a realidade, demonstrando que tudo está ligado a tudo, e é através do que o aluno tem de disponível que o ensino e a aprendizagem têm significado e maior possibilidade de serem construídos com efetividade. Nesse sentido, o trabalho de campo se posiciona enquanto elemento de desafio sobre os sujeitos, pressionando-os a agir no Espaço Geográfico de maneira competente. / Fieldwork represents a vital instrument for understanding our world through direct experience, for gathering data about it, and as a fundamental method for fomenting geographical education. The investigation of the relationship between Geography teaching and public spaces by fieldworks is the issue of this research. Moreover, constructing competencies in Botanical Garden through Geography is possible or not? Thus, we conduct a case study in a Botanical Garden located in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. Our methodology is based on the Paradigm of Complexity and Qualitative Research. Our first goal is the comprehension of the representations that Botanical Garden brings on Geography teachers. From that, we propose a set of pedagogical activities supported by Geography teaching theories and Critical Pedagogy related to the Genetic Epistemology. Outdoor learning is the basis of the pedagogical activities developed with public High School students. This work indicates the necessity of constructing a reflexive thought in the school oriented to citizenship considering students as subject in changing society processes. Fieldworks allow an approach to reality showing that everything is connected to everything. Exploring student previous knowledge is the major source of meaningful teaching and learning possibilities. Thence, fieldwork represents a challenge element on the subjects pressing them to act on Geographical Space in a competent way.

[pt] Em julho de 1917 os principais jornais do Distrito Federal noticiavam a paralisação de trabalhadores de diversas categorias na cidade, caracterizada pelos contemporâneos como uma Greve Geral. Para parte da historiografia, trata-se de mais uma das muitas manifestações operárias que, sob a orientação de militantes anarquistas do movimento operário, teria gerado naquele ano a irrupção de amplas manifestações grevistas. Problematizando tal perspectiva, este trabalho particulariza a análise na experiência dos trabalhadores do bairro operário do Jardim Botânico, atentando para outras dimensões da lógica de sua articulação identitária nas décadas anteriores que podem ter ajudado esses sujeitos a constituir seus laços de identidade naquela situação. Para isso, serão privilegiadas suas formas anteriores de organização e estabelecimento de solidariedades, expressas nas muitas associações recreativas formadas na localidade por aqueles trabalhadores. / [en] In July 1917 the main newspaper of the Federal District were reporting the strike of workers of various categories in the city, characterized by contemporaries as a General Strike. For part of its history, it is only one of many workers demonstrations which, under the guidance of anarchist militant labor movement, would have generated that year the eruption of large demonstrations strikers. Discussing this perspective, this work particularize the analysis of the experience of workers working-class neighborhood of the Botanical Garden, focusing on other aspects of their identity articulation logic in previous decades may have helped these individuals to constitute their identity ties in that situation. This involves an insider earlier forms of organization and establishment of solidarity, expressed in many recreational associations formed by those employees in the locality.

A presente pesquisa aponta para a relação entre o ensino de Geografia e os espaços públicos, mediados pelo trabalho de campo. É possível construir competências no Jardim Botânico, através da Geografia, ou não? A delimitação analítica escolhe como estudo de caso o Jardim Botânico de Porto Alegre, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O trabalho está ancorado, metodologicamente, no Paradigma da Complexidade, através da Pesquisa Qualitativa. Buscou-se inicialmente a compreensão de qual a representação que o Jardim Botânico carrega entre professores de Geografia. O Jardim Botânico é elemento do todo Espaço Geográfico, de modo que se apresenta como um conjunto solidário, contraditório e inseparável de objetos e ações. A compreensão do todo depende das partes, e estas da totalidade. Ciente de tal postulado, o trabalho apresenta um conjunto de atividades pedagógicas, elaboradas com o amparo das teorias do Ensino de Geografia e da Pedagogia Social Crítica, mediadas pela Epistemologia Genética. A compreensão dessas atividades é realizada através da construção de trabalhos de campo com alunos de Ensino Médio, matriculados na Rede Pública Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa aponta a necessidade da construção, na escola, de um pensamento reflexivo, voltado à cidadania, compreendendo os alunos enquanto sujeitos históricos no processo de mudança da sociedade. O trabalho de campo é uma aproximação com a realidade, demonstrando que tudo está ligado a tudo, e é através do que o aluno tem de disponível que o ensino e a aprendizagem têm significado e maior possibilidade de serem construídos com efetividade. Nesse sentido, o trabalho de campo se posiciona enquanto elemento de desafio sobre os sujeitos, pressionando-os a agir no Espaço Geográfico de maneira competente. / Fieldwork represents a vital instrument for understanding our world through direct experience, for gathering data about it, and as a fundamental method for fomenting geographical education. The investigation of the relationship between Geography teaching and public spaces by fieldworks is the issue of this research. Moreover, constructing competencies in Botanical Garden through Geography is possible or not? Thus, we conduct a case study in a Botanical Garden located in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. Our methodology is based on the Paradigm of Complexity and Qualitative Research. Our first goal is the comprehension of the representations that Botanical Garden brings on Geography teachers. From that, we propose a set of pedagogical activities supported by Geography teaching theories and Critical Pedagogy related to the Genetic Epistemology. Outdoor learning is the basis of the pedagogical activities developed with public High School students. This work indicates the necessity of constructing a reflexive thought in the school oriented to citizenship considering students as subject in changing society processes. Fieldworks allow an approach to reality showing that everything is connected to everything. Exploring student previous knowledge is the major source of meaningful teaching and learning possibilities. Thence, fieldwork represents a challenge element on the subjects pressing them to act on Geographical Space in a competent way.

A presente pesquisa aponta para a relação entre o ensino de Geografia e os espaços públicos, mediados pelo trabalho de campo. É possível construir competências no Jardim Botânico, através da Geografia, ou não? A delimitação analítica escolhe como estudo de caso o Jardim Botânico de Porto Alegre, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O trabalho está ancorado, metodologicamente, no Paradigma da Complexidade, através da Pesquisa Qualitativa. Buscou-se inicialmente a compreensão de qual a representação que o Jardim Botânico carrega entre professores de Geografia. O Jardim Botânico é elemento do todo Espaço Geográfico, de modo que se apresenta como um conjunto solidário, contraditório e inseparável de objetos e ações. A compreensão do todo depende das partes, e estas da totalidade. Ciente de tal postulado, o trabalho apresenta um conjunto de atividades pedagógicas, elaboradas com o amparo das teorias do Ensino de Geografia e da Pedagogia Social Crítica, mediadas pela Epistemologia Genética. A compreensão dessas atividades é realizada através da construção de trabalhos de campo com alunos de Ensino Médio, matriculados na Rede Pública Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa aponta a necessidade da construção, na escola, de um pensamento reflexivo, voltado à cidadania, compreendendo os alunos enquanto sujeitos históricos no processo de mudança da sociedade. O trabalho de campo é uma aproximação com a realidade, demonstrando que tudo está ligado a tudo, e é através do que o aluno tem de disponível que o ensino e a aprendizagem têm significado e maior possibilidade de serem construídos com efetividade. Nesse sentido, o trabalho de campo se posiciona enquanto elemento de desafio sobre os sujeitos, pressionando-os a agir no Espaço Geográfico de maneira competente. / Fieldwork represents a vital instrument for understanding our world through direct experience, for gathering data about it, and as a fundamental method for fomenting geographical education. The investigation of the relationship between Geography teaching and public spaces by fieldworks is the issue of this research. Moreover, constructing competencies in Botanical Garden through Geography is possible or not? Thus, we conduct a case study in a Botanical Garden located in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. Our methodology is based on the Paradigm of Complexity and Qualitative Research. Our first goal is the comprehension of the representations that Botanical Garden brings on Geography teachers. From that, we propose a set of pedagogical activities supported by Geography teaching theories and Critical Pedagogy related to the Genetic Epistemology. Outdoor learning is the basis of the pedagogical activities developed with public High School students. This work indicates the necessity of constructing a reflexive thought in the school oriented to citizenship considering students as subject in changing society processes. Fieldworks allow an approach to reality showing that everything is connected to everything. Exploring student previous knowledge is the major source of meaningful teaching and learning possibilities. Thence, fieldwork represents a challenge element on the subjects pressing them to act on Geographical Space in a competent way.

This study presents the results of an external communication audit of the National Tropical Botanical Garden (NTBG), a congressionally chartered nonprofit organization dedicated to the conservation of tropical plant diversity. Information was gathered during the communication audit through interviews with NTBG's key decision makers, content analyses of NTBG's primary publications, and a questionnaire measuring the public-organization relationship. The audit assesses NTBG's external communication policies, practices, capabilities, and needs in the context of systems theory and external relations strategic planning theories. The findings of the audit identify who NTBG considers its target publics and how well they are reaching certain audiences. The results also indicate in which areas NTBG's current communication system is meeting or not meeting the objectives of the organization. The study concludes with a series of recommendations for how NTBG can improve its external communication system.

The overall main goal of this research is to assist with the planning and creation of an ethnobotanical addition at the Heronswood Garden, a botanical garden located in northwest Washington state recently purchased by the Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe. Methods included a three month long ethnographic study of Heronswood Garden as an official intern, and conducting a needs assessment that primarily employed participant observation and semi-structured open-ended interviews with all garden employees. Information revealed through the research includes causal issues behind a lack of community participation at the garden, elaboration on the solutions to various issues facilitated by negotiating and combining the views and opinions of the garden’s employees, and author reflections on the needs assessment report and the project as a whole. This research connects itself with and utilizes the methodologies and theories from applied anthropology, environmental anthropology, and environmental science to provide contemporary perspective into the subject of preserving or preventing the loss of biodiversity, language diversity, and sociocultural diversity.

This thesis project examines the history, provenance, and contemporary treatment of a rare Imperial Edition of Frederick Sander’s print collection Reichenbachia, Orchids Illustrated and Described, a high-quality orchid compendium dating to the late-nineteenth century. A local philanthropist loaned the Imperial Edition Reichenbachia, number 86 of 100 to Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden in 2011 on a long-term basis as a promised donation. Research into the origins of this collection involves several disparate historical topics, including the Victorian period of “orchid mania,” imperialist business practices, and chromolithographic printmaking. Discussion of the transition of this collection into a museum art collection covers its consequent registration, conservation, and exhibition. Finally, this thesis project considers the advantages and disadvantages of managing an art collection at a botanical garden.