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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
171

Direito civil e a reificação do ser humano: um estudo crítico do caráter capitalista do dano moral brasileiro a partir da doutrina marxista

Silva, Rodrigo Daniel Félix da 08 November 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Daniel Felix da Silva.pdf: 968072 bytes, checksum: 5e11d56cf3cf42225736bf7612422d6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-08 / This study analyses the influence of the capitalist economic order in determining the moral damage (non-economic damage) in Brazilian law, under the doctrine of Karl Marx, to demonstrate that its application is not consistent with the principle of human dignity, thus performing a kind justice that follows a patrimonial logic inherent in capitalism, which is to quantify people, therefore incompatible with the concept of human dignity of Immanuel Kant, who advocates the inability of man to be quantified, as a thing to be used by others. This is because, under capitalism, human beings can be reduced to an economic expression (reified) because their attributes are part of the economic process. / Este estudo analisa a influência da ordem econômica capitalista na determinação do dano moral (dano extrapatrimonial) no direito brasileiro, a partir da doutrina de Karl Marx, a fim de demonstrar que a sua aplicação não é congruente com o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, realizando assim um tipo de justiça que segue uma lógica patrimonialista inerente ao capitalismo, que é de quantificar as pessoas, portanto incompatível com o conceito de dignidade humana de Immanuel Kant, que pugna pela impossibilidade do homem ser quantificado, de ser usado como coisa por outrem. Isso porque, no capitalismo, o ser humano pode ser reduzido a uma expressão econômica (reificado) porque seus atributos integram o processo econômico.
172

O contrato de consumo e a responsabilidade do comerciante pelo dano moral

Werner, Felipe Probst 30 January 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-02-07T11:04:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Probst Werner.pdf: 1277789 bytes, checksum: 6a7f395ff86e09b0d1a17c9b28a0c65b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-07T11:04:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Probst Werner.pdf: 1277789 bytes, checksum: 6a7f395ff86e09b0d1a17c9b28a0c65b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-30 / The present study aims to investigate the differences between the types of civil liability brought by the brazilian consumer defense code and it`s relation with moral damages. To address the topic, fundamental was the analysis of consumer relations and situations of which these relations come from: juristic acts. In these first two steps of the study it was possible to realize there are great relevance in the distinction between defective goods or services and vice of the goods or service. The difference is mainly felt when observed that the obligations originating in safety (fact/defect) and adequacy (vice), because it is possible to figure out that the liability for the first ones are withdraw from de merchants. To validate the differentiation, was study the liability itself when is demonstrated differences between those contractual and non-contractual as well between subjective and objective. The liability component is essential to the final result of the study, because through it becomes possible to analyze harmful conducts, the causal link, guilt, risk, and the damage, when special attention is given to that not patrimonial (moral in a broad sense). The present study is justified because intend to demonstrate a direct way that once seen the moral damage in a costumer relation, you're facing a lack the security that might be expected of that product or service, so there is no civil liability, the priori, of the merchant. The relevance of this demonstration is legal certainty that will be generated both for the merchant as to the Judiciary as a whole. Finally, the hypothesis, that remained committed, is the withdraw of the merchant liability when established moral damage to the consumer from products or services places on the market. / O presente estudo tem como objetivo averiguar as diferenças entre os tipos de responsabilidade civil trazidos pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor e sua relação com o dano moral. Para enfrentar o tema, fundamental foi a análise das relações de consumo e as situações das quais estas relações provém: negócios jurídicos. Nestes dois primeiros passos do trabalho pode-se perceber que há grande relevância na distinção entre vício e fato do produto ou serviço. A diferença é principalmente sentida por uma espécie do gênero fornecedores, eis que quando observada a consequência dos deveres originários de segurança (fato/defeito) e adequação (vício) nota-se que o legislador afastou, em regra, a responsabilidade civil dos comerciantes em razão daqueles primeiros. Para validar a diferenciação, realiza-se um estudo aprofundado da responsabilidade civil, quando demonstra-se as diferenças entre aquelas contratuais e extracontratuais, bem como subjetiva e objetiva. O componente da responsabilidade civil é essencial para o resultado final do estudo, pois por meio dele torna-se possível analisar a conduta antijurídica, o nexo causal, culpa, risco, além do dano, quando é dada especial atenção àquele não patrimonial (moral em sentido amplo). Justifica-se o presente estudo porque pretende demonstrar de uma forma direta que uma vez constatado o dano moral numa relação de consumo, está-se diante de uma falta à segurança que se poderia esperar daquele produto ou serviço, por isso, afastada a responsabilidade civil, a priori, do comerciante. A relevância desta demonstração é a segurança jurídica que será gerada tanto para o comerciante como para o próprio Poder Judiciário como um todo. Por fim, a hipótese, que restou confirmada, é que afastada fica a responsabilidade civil do comerciante quando constatado um dano moral no consumidor decorrente da colocação de um produto ou serviço no mercado
173

A influência das cláusulas gerais na formação, execução e extinção do contrato de trabalho: análise de alguns contratos / The influence of the general clauses in the formation, execution and termination of the contract of employment: an exemplifying analysis of some contracts of employment

Botelho, Paulo Régis Machado 02 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-02-08T11:19:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Régis Machado Botelho.pdf: 3210541 bytes, checksum: ce27f4b89513833039d60454f60ed2d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-08T11:19:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Régis Machado Botelho.pdf: 3210541 bytes, checksum: ce27f4b89513833039d60454f60ed2d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-02 / The present study intends to demonstrate the need for permanent dialogue between civil law and labor law, through the general contractual clauses of objective good faith, the social function of the contract and the contractual balance, in order to accomplish the fundamental rights of workers in employment contracts. The dignity of the human person of the worker has to be preserved during the formation, execution and termination of the labor pact, because the fact of the worker establish an asymmetrical relationship with the employer, does not remove it from the condition of citizen. The theory of the dialogue of the sources, by Erick Jayme, foremost applied in labor law by Renato Rua de Almeida, allows to use the classificatory trilogy of the new contractual principles of Antonio Junqueira de Azevedo, for the valorization of the worker. The classic contractual principles of individual character of the party´s autonomy, obligatory force of the contracts and relativity of the contractual effects, lose the importance before the new principles of social character. They do not disappear but are severely relativized. The horizontal effectiveness of fundamental rights in the context of labor relationships can be established by the porosity of the general clauses in certain situations that require mediation. It is natural that this effectiveness can happens directly in some cases, however, our focus will concentrate on the hypothesis of indirect efficacy, where the general clauses may be the gateway of fundamental rights in the contract of employment. Finally, we will highlight the paramount role of the judiciary in the implementation of fundamental social labor rights, because, due to their public order character, it is the duty of the labor magistrates to make use of the general contractual clauses, when examining the labor contracts. The judiciary as protagonist is necessary, because it is not admitted that in nowadays the judge disconnects from the constitutional program, whose valuation of human work is one of its foundations. The contractual freedom, so encouraged in the present days, must never serve as a passport to offend the fundamental rights of workers, thus damaging their dignity / O presente estudo pretende demonstrar a necessidade de permanente diálogo entre o direito civil e o direito do trabalho, por meio das cláusulas gerais contratuais da boa-fé objetiva, da função social do contrato e do equilíbrio contratual, como forma de efetivação dos direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores nos contratos de trabalho. A dignidade da pessoa humana do trabalhador deve ser preservada quando da formação, execução e extinção do pacto laboral, pois o fato do trabalhador estabelecer uma relação assimétrica com o empregador, não o despe da condição de cidadão. A teoria do diálogo das fontes de Erick Jayme aplicada ao direito do trabalho, na trilha pioneira de Renato Rua de Almeida, permite que se utilize da trilogia classificatória dos novos princípios contratuais de Antonio Junqueira de Azevedo para a promoção do trabalhador. Os princípios contratuais clássicos de cunho individual da autonomia privada, força obrigatória dos contratos e relatividade dos efeitos contratuais, perdem a importância diante dos novos princípios de caráter social. Não desaparecem, mas são severamente relativizados. A eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais no âmbito das relações de trabalho pode ser estabelecida pela porosidade das cláusulas gerais em determinadas situações que necessitem mediação. É natural que esta eficácia possa se dar de forma direta em alguns casos, entretanto, o nosso foco se concentrará em apontar a hipótese da eficácia indireta, em que as cláusulas gerais sejam as portas de entrada dos direitos fundamentais no contrato de trabalho. Por fim, ressaltaremos o papel de suma importância do judiciário na concretização dos direitos fundamentais sociais trabalhistas, pois cabe aos magistrados do trabalho utilizar as cláusulas gerais contratuais, em face do seu caráter de ordem pública, quando do exame dos pactos laborais. O protagonismo do Judiciário é necessário, pois não se admite que na quadra atual o juiz se desconecte do programa constitucional, cuja valorização do trabalho humano é um dos fundamentos. A liberdade contratual tão acalentada nos tempos atuais, jamais pode servir de passaporte para ofensas aos direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores, ferindo sua dignidade
174

A transformação do conceito de equidade no direito ocidental e seus reflexos no direito civil e processual civil brasileiro / The transformation of the concept of equity in law in the western world and its reflection in Brazilian civil law and civil procedural law.

Christofoletti Junior, Valter 19 March 2015 (has links)
Esta dissertação versa sobre a importância e a transformação do conceito de equidade no direito ocidental ao longo da história e seus reflexos no direito civil e processual civil brasileiro contemporâneo, a partir da metodologia desenvolvida por Reinhart Koselleck em sua história dos conceitos. Em síntese, a história dos conceitos Begriffsgeschichte propõe investigar a semântica dos conceitos fundamentais a uma determinada experiência histórico-temporal e, nesta medida, dedica-se ao conceito e à terminologia plasmados na experiência que se estuda e aos termos e conceitos a ela correlatos, que revelam algum grau de conteúdo significativo Bedeutungsgehalt em termos político-sociais. A equidade se apresenta como objeto complexo de estudo, o que se confirma por sua polissemia e perpetuidade no curso dos séculos, e sua correlação com o ideal de justiça é uma constante. Destarte, em atenção aos limites físicos e temporais desta dissertação, os esforços foram concentrados no estudo de seis casos principais sobre equidade, que possibilitam identificar suas raízes a partir dos conceitos de para Aristóteles e aequitas para os juristas romanos e alcançar seu significado ou significados no direito civil e processual civil brasileiro hodierno. / This dissertation discusses the importance and the transformation of the concept of equity in law in the western world throughout history and its reflections in contemporary Brazilian civil law and civil procedural law, based on the methodology developed by Reinhart Koselleck in his conceptual history. In short, the conceptual history Begriffsgeschichte proposes to investigate the semantics of fundamental concepts to a particular historical and temporal experience and, therefore, it is dedicated to the concept and the terminology embodied in the experience studied and to the terms and concepts correlated to it, which reveal some degree of meaningful content Bedeutungsgehalt in political and social terms. The equity is presented as a complex object of study, which is confirmed by its polysemy and perpetuity over the centuries, and its correlation to the ideal of justice is a constant. Thus, considering the physical and temporal limitations of this dissertation, efforts were concentrated on the study of six major cases of equity, which enable the identification of its roots from the concepts of to Aristóteles and aequitas to Roman jurists and achieve their meaning or meanings in current Brazilian civil law and civil procedural law.
175

Prova, argumento e decisão: critérios de suficiência para orientação dos juízos de fato no direito processual brasileiro / Evidence, reasoning and decision: standards of proof as a guide to judgments about facts in Brazilians procedural law

Silveira, Daniel Coutinho da 06 June 2011 (has links)
A noção de livre convencimento estipula ao julgamento de processos judiciais uma investigação sobre fatos amparada em avaliação epistemológica. Essa estratégia, entretanto, apresenta dificuldades insuperáveis nas diversas formulações desse tipo de raciocínio por não oferecer respostas definitivas para solucionar problemas práticos, como aqueles envolvidos na concretização do direito, levando a graus diferentes de dúvida. Diante desse quadro surge a pergunta sobre qual nível de confirmação será aceito para respaldar uma decisão. Esse trabalho propõe como solução a tal aporia uma aproximação dos argumentos utilizados para a decisão em matéria de fato à estrutura dos argumentos práticos. Assim, além das reflexões epistemológicas, incorporam-se elementos morais e políticos em seu esquema central. Por meio dessa conclusão são introduzidos obrigatoriamente ao raciocínio judicial o que se denomina critérios de suficiência, orientações sobre o grau de comprovação das versões levantadas num caso concreto. Esse instituto, além de imprescindível para viabilizar a racionalidade dos juízos de fato, assume ainda a função de distribuir o risco de decisões equivocadas entre os litigantes. Trata-se de elemento de legitimação das decisões em matéria de fato, mediante a argumentação dos riscos que o processo envolve. Esse raciocínio não é de forma alguma ignorado pela dogmática jurídica brasileira, embora não seja adequadamente sistematizado. Daí a importância de sua abordagem teórica, a demonstrar que é requisito imprescindível de legitimação das decisões sobre fatos tomadas nos processos judiciais, e verificação prática de diversos institutos, integralmente compatíveis com essa proposição. A partir de experiências jurídicas que tratam do assunto de modo sistematizado a mais tempo, propõe-se uma discussão sobre os termos que devem ser observados no ordenamento brasileiro em acordo com suas características. / The idea of free proof stipulates to judicial process decision an investigation over facts supported only by epistemological evaluation. This strategy, however, presents unbearable difficulties in the various manifestations of this kind of reasoning, as it does not offers definitive answers to solve practical problems, like those involved in applying the law, which leads to different degrees of doubt. Considering this picture, emerges the question about what level of confirmation will be accepted to sustain a decision. This dissertation proposes as a solution to the presented aporia an approximation of the arguments utilized to decide about facts to the structure of practical argumentation. Thus, beyond epistemological reasons, moral and political elements are incorporate to its central sketch. Through this conclusion are necessarily introduced to judicial reasoning what is called standards of proof, guidance about the degree of confirmation which versions must sustained to be successful on specific situations. This institute, additionally to its importance to validate the rationality of factual decisions, it assumes the purpose of distributing the risk of wrong perceptions among litigants. Its an element of legitimating decisions about facts, by reasoning the risks that the process handles. This reasoning is not at all ignored by Brazilian law, in despite of its lack of systematization. Hence the importance of its theoretical approach, which demonstrates that is an indispensible requirement of legitimacy to the decisions about facts taken in judicial processes, and of its practical approach, verifying the compatibility of several law mechanisms to this proposition. Build on juridical experiences that study the subject in an systematized fashion and longer than our occupation of the subject, it is proposed a discussion about the terms in which these should be observed in Brazilian law, in accordance to its characteristics.
176

Can the Priest-Klein Model Explain the Falling Plaintiff Win Rate?

Lindquist, Andrew 01 January 2019 (has links)
The Priest-Klein model predicts that a decline in the plaintiff win rate might be explained by a change in stake asymmetry that favors the plaintiff; that is, the stakes for defendants increase. This lowers the plaintiff win rate because defendants increasingly look to settle cases they are less likely to win, leading them to only go to trial with cases they have a comparably higher probability of winning. We theorize a shift like this might have occurred between 1985 and 1995, as Lahav and Siegelman (2017) recently discovered that the plaintiff win rate fell from almost 70% in 1985 to just over 30% in 1995. Although they found that changing judicial caseloads and other factors represented a notable portion of the decline, they were unable to identify what drove the remaining 40%. We hypothesize that this unexplained decline was caused by increasing defendant stakes and examine two potential drivers of increasing stake asymmetry: changing judicial ideology and a rise in the number of Multi-District Litigation (MDL) cases, a type of case with higher defendant stakes. We find evidence consistent with the Priest-Klein model for MDL cases as these cases experienced lower adjudication rates, lower plaintiff win rates, and higher settlement rates. Additionally, we found that judicial ideology was substantially more important for MDL cases, suggesting that judges might make use of their greater influence in these cases to guide outcomes. Yet, while both MDL case status and judicial ideology were statistically significant predictors of plaintiff win rates, we found that neither explains a substantial portion of the decline. Thus, a large proportion of the decline found by Lahav and Siegelman remains a mystery.
177

The Paradox of Women's Rights: Malaysia's Struggle Towards Legal And Religious Pluralism

Binti Mohammad, Shazalyna 21 November 2012 (has links)
Family is the foundation society. Women are the backbone of families even in fundamental patriarchal society like Malaysia. However, Malaysia’s system of religious accommodation results in different rights available to individuals based on the states diverse religious affiliation. Contemporary family issues are inadequately addressed in current Malaysian Family Law: one for the Muslims and one for the non-Muslims. Most cases highlighted inconsistencies when conversion to Islam affected the rights of women during breakdown of marriage. In permitting a path to accommodate diversity, and to reach a new engagement between the civil and the Shariah courts, it is necessary to appreciate Malaysia’s history, sentiment, constraints and strengths. This paper proposes that not only Malaysia has adequate strengths to provide a strong platform to address the conflict, but possesses the mechanisms to create a dynamic set of joint governance of Family Laws to enhance religious accommodation.
178

The Paradox of Women's Rights: Malaysia's Struggle Towards Legal And Religious Pluralism

Binti Mohammad, Shazalyna 21 November 2012 (has links)
Family is the foundation society. Women are the backbone of families even in fundamental patriarchal society like Malaysia. However, Malaysia’s system of religious accommodation results in different rights available to individuals based on the states diverse religious affiliation. Contemporary family issues are inadequately addressed in current Malaysian Family Law: one for the Muslims and one for the non-Muslims. Most cases highlighted inconsistencies when conversion to Islam affected the rights of women during breakdown of marriage. In permitting a path to accommodate diversity, and to reach a new engagement between the civil and the Shariah courts, it is necessary to appreciate Malaysia’s history, sentiment, constraints and strengths. This paper proposes that not only Malaysia has adequate strengths to provide a strong platform to address the conflict, but possesses the mechanisms to create a dynamic set of joint governance of Family Laws to enhance religious accommodation.
179

Responsabilidade civil extracontratual do estado, Regiao Administrative Especial de Macau

Sousa, Americo Xavier de January 2006 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Law
180

Da responsabilidade pre-contratual na Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau

Chu, Lam Lam January 2006 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Law

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