In a contemporary world saturated with technology, where data has become a means tounderstand and optimize almost everything, the educational sector seems reluctant towards it.In order to change that, it is argued that formative assessment is a sustainable way to monitorfeedback data for the purpose to improve school environment. Used in the classroom, it shiftsthe focus from the outcome of pupils’ learning to their real needs.This study elaborates on the lack of feedback for teachers and the referring potential oftechnology usage in schools. Due to, inter alia, a co-creation workshop, novice teachers anddesigners collaborated to create several prototypes, which were used in a real classroomsituation afterwards. Those prototypes enabled a deep understanding of the current perceptionof feedback as well as the technology awareness of students and teachers.The research results were discussed from various angles, including young teenagers’and experienced teachers’ views. The outcome analysis led to the need of a student-centredcurriculum which offers explorative access to technology and feedback for everybodyinvolved in a school environment.

Les masques de phase sont des dispositifs réfractifs situés généralement au niveau de la pupille d’un système optique pour en modifier la réponse impulsionnelle (PSF en anglais), par une technique habituellement connue sous le nom de codage de front d’onde. Ces masques peuvent être utilisés pour augmenter la profondeur du champ (DoF en anglais) des systèmes d’imagerie sans diminuer la quantité de lumière qui entre dans le système, en produisant une PSF ayant une plus grande invariance à la défocalisation. Cependant, plus le DoF est grand plus l’image acquise est floue et une opération de déconvolution doit alors lui être appliquée. Par conséquent, la conception des masques de phase doit prendre en compte ce traitement pour atteindre le compromis optimal entre invariance de la PSF à la défocalisation et qualité de la déconvolution.. Cette approche de conception conjointe a été introduite par Cathey et Dowski en 1995 et affinée en 2002 pour des masques de phase continus puis généralisée par Robinson et Stork en 2007 pour la correction d’autres aberrations optiques.Dans cette thèse sont abordés les différents aspects de l’optimisation des masques de phase pour l’augmentation du DoF, tels que les critères de performance et la relation entre ces critères et les paramètres des masques. On utilise la « qualité d’image » (IQ en anglais), une méthode basée sur l’écart quadratique moyen définie par Diaz et al., pour la co-conception des divers masques de phase et pour évaluer leur performance. Nous évaluons ensuite la pertinence de ce critère IQ en comparaison d’autres métriques de conception optique, comme par exemple le rapport de Strehl ou la fonction de transfert de modulation (MTF en anglais). Nous nous concentrons en particulier sur les masques de phase annulaires binaires, l’étude de leur performance pour différents cas comme l’augmentation du DoF, la présence d’aberrations ou l’impact du nombre de paramètres d’optimisation.Nous appliquons ensuite les outils d’analyse exploités pour les masques binaires aux masques de phase continus qui apparaissent communément dans la littérature, comme les masques de phase polynomiaux. Nous avons comparé de manière approfondie ces masques entre eux et aux masques binaires, non seulement pour évaluer leurs avantages, mais aussi parce qu’en analysant leurs différences il est possible de comprendre leurs propriétésLes masques de phase fonctionnent comme des filtres passe-bas sur des systèmes limités par la diffraction, réduisant en pratique les phénomènes de repliement spectral. D’un autre côté, la technique de reconstruction connue sous l’appellation de « superresolution » utilise des images d’une même scène perturbées par du repliement de spectre pour augmenter la résolution du système optique original. Les travaux réalisés durant une période de détachement chez le partenaire industriel de la thèse, KLA-Tencor à Louvain, Belgique, illustrent le propos. A la fin du manuscrit nous étudions la pertinence de la combinaison de cette technique avec l’utilisation de masques de phase pour l’augmentation du DoF. / Phase masks are wavefront encoding devices typically situated at the aperture stop of an optical system to engineer its point spread function (PSF) in a technique commonly known as wavefront coding. These masks can be used to extend the depth of field (DoF) of imaging systems without reducing the light throughput by producing a PSF that becomes more invariant to defocus; however, the larger the DoF the more blurred the acquired raw image so that deconvolution has to be applied on the captured images. Thus, the design of the phase masks has to take into account image processing in order to reach the optimal compromise between invariance of PSF to defocus and capacity to deconvolve the image. This joint design approach has been introduced by Cathey and Dowski in 1995 and refined in 2002 for continuous-phase DoF enhancing masks and generalized by Robinson and Stork in 2007 to correct other optical aberrations.In this thesis we study the different aspects of phase mask optimization for DoF extension, such as the different performance criteria and the relation of these criteria with the different mask parameters. We use the so-called image quality (IQ), a mean-square error based criterion defined by Diaz et al., to co-design different phase masks and evaluate their performance. We then compare the relevance of the IQ criterion against other optical design metrics, such as the Strehl ratio, the modulation transfer function (MTF) and others. We focus in particular on the binary annular phase masks, their performance for various conditions, such as the desired DoF range, the number of optimization parameters, presence of aberrations and others.We use then the analysis tools used for the binary phase masks for continuous-phase masks that appear commonly in the literature, such as the polynomial-phase masks. We extensively compare these masks to each other and the binary masks, not only to assess their benefits, but also because by analyzing their differences we can understand their properties.Phase masks function as a low-pass filter on diffraction limited systems, effectively reducing aliasing. On the other hand, the signal processing technique known as superresolution uses several aliased frames of the same scene to enhance the resolution of the final image beyond the sampling resolution of the original optical system. Practical examples come from the works made during a secondment with the industrial partner KLA-Tencor in Leuven, Belgium. At the end of the manuscript we study the relevance of using such a technique alongside phase masks for DoF extension.

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The task for the work was to find out how the study environment at LTU can strategically be developed. The background to this work is that the learning environment is a subject that engages more and more people, SUHF (2016) writes that it could almost be said to be red- hot as a theme. LTU is currently making major investments to update the premises at the university and my own interest in pedagogical issues and study environment is why I chose to do my degree project on how a study environment can be strategically developed at LTU. During the period 1 April 2019 to 1 June 2019, I did a work on how a piece of furniture can be designed and complement the existing physical environment at Luleå University of Technology to lead to a better study environment for the students. It resulted in a physical prototype with functions of a furniture that enable students to adapt the place of study to their own needs as, working position, lighting, visual shielding and sound absorbing. This prototype is today called the Kokong and got its name from the butterflies' cocoon where they can shield themselves and protect themselves from the environment while it goes from being a caterpillar to a fully formed butterfly. In this work, it will also be investigated whether or not it is relevant to complement the environment with the Kokong in the strategically develop study environment. The work is based on first defining what the main purpose of universities and colleges is and then, through research, questionnaires and co-design with students, deciding how the study environment can be designed to contribute to the main purpose of universities and colleges. / Uppgiften för arbetet var att ta reda på hur studiemiljön på LTU strategiskt kan utvecklas. Bakgrunden till detta arbete är att lärmiljö är ett ämne som engagerar fler och fler, SUHF (2016) skriver att det nästan skulle kunna sägas vara glödhett som tema.”  LTU gör just nu stora satsningar för att uppdatera lokalerna på universitet, i och med det och mitt eget intresse för pedagogiska frågor och studiemiljö så valde jag att göra mitt examensarbete om hur en studiemiljö strategiskt kan utvecklas på LTU. Under perioden 1 april 2019 till 1 juni 2019 gjorde jag ett arbete om hur en fysisk möbel kan designas och komplettera den befintliga fysiska miljön på Luleå tekniska universitet för att leda till en bättre studiemiljö för studenterna. Det resulterade i en fysisk prototyp som visar funktionen av en möbel som möjliggör för studenten att anpassa studieplatsen efter eget behov utifrån, arbetsposition, belysning, visuell avskärmning och avskärmning för ljud. Denna prototyp benämns idag som Kokong och har fått sitt namn från fjärilarnas kokong där de kan avskärma sig och skydda sig från omgivningen medan den går från att vara en larv till fullbildad fjäril.  I detta arbete kommer det också undersökas om det är relevant att vid strategisk utveckling av studiemiljö komplettera miljön med studieplatsen Kokong.  Arbetet bygger på att först definiera vad universitet och högskolors huvudsakliga syfte är för att sedan genom research, enkätundersökning och co-design med studenter bestämma hur studiemiljön kan utformas för att bidra till det huvudsakliga syftet.

While sustainability issues take an ever-larger part in city planning, citizens aspirations toinclusion in projects rise. In France, the government encourages the development ofcollaboration between actors and the emergence of innovations in the creation ofsustainable neighbourhoods. These incentives allow for the development of projects thataim at being demonstrators of French know how. Through these large-scale projects,partnerships are created, thus leading to more inclusive projects and to the creation ofsynergies between actors of the creation of urban fabric. Through an in-depth study of one of these projects, this research aimed at assessing theoutcomes of the top down approach implemented by the government. The idea was tostudy the government that was implemented and its outcomes in terms of creation ofinnovation but also regarding citizen participation. To identify citizens’ aspirations forinclusion and for the creation of fitted housing solutions, in coherence with sustainabilityissues, some research about a successful participatory housing project was conducted. Through the implementation of a fitted governance system, collaboration between actorsfrom different backgrounds and with varying interests lead to the creation of a creativeprocess of innovation and to the development of many pilot projects. Through the analysisof these projects, it appeared that information and communication technologies are onetool to the implementation of a more efficient, of a more resilient city. However, theycannot be presented as one goal and need to take part of a bigger process with other toolsthat are necessary for the creation of new uses for urban dwellers. Though citizen inclusion is an aspiration from various actors of the production of the city,some limits to citizen power in a really framed process of project development wereraised. Despite a strong will, from various actors, there are still many obstacles to thecreation of fitted housing solutions that would meet the deepest expectations of citizens.

The digital technology is growing, which challenges the traditional media of printed newspapers. As more people consume news online, technology has transitioned to the digital platform. One of the challenges with moving to a digital platform is that it is hard for the reader to interpret the credibility of news.In this “Research Through Design” project, the aim is to understand how to design for better credibility in public service news for young adults. The external client of this thesis is SVT Interaktiv and achieving high credibility for public service is important since the news agencies have a responsibility of maintaining high credibility in the public interest. Sustaining a positive user experience in these services is essential for maintaining the customer's trust.A data collection of remote co-design workshops and questionnaire was made with eight participants. This data was later clustered into six themes and articulated into design guidelines that could be used to improve credibility for news services. These seven design guidelines act as recommendations for developers and designers working within the news industry to increase credibility in their services and products.Keywords:

Symphonic metal lacks substantial research outside of music theory. To give examples of visual expression associated with the genre this essay has, through a case together with the symphonic metal band Emetropia and using co-design methods produced a t-shirt. A preliminary study showed that the largest proportion of band merch in metal is black with a band name or band logo. Interviews with two of Emetropia's band members inspired the content of a co-design workshop, where five participants from different countries representing musicians and fans of symphonic metal were tasked with delving into their experiences of the genre. They participated in the workshop where they designed proposals for band merch suitable for symphonic metal. Analysis of the participants' artifacts then inspired a design that was evaluated by the five workshop participants and two of Emetropia's band members. The evaluation showed that the final design represents the identity of a symphonic metal fan. The result was a black T-shirt, with Emetropia's band logo and a design that, based on the workshop analysis, contained symbols associated with nature, mythology and fantasy. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>