This thesis describes part of the work associated with Project 0-6719 sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The primary objective of the project is to examine the feasibility of strengthening older continuous multi-span steel girder bridges through the use of post-installed shear connectors. Bridges potentially eligible for retrofit have noncomposite floor systems, where the concrete slab is not attached to the steel girders with shear connectors. Many of these bridges were designed in the 1950's and 1960's for loads smaller than the standard design loads used today. A secondary objective of the project, and the main focus of this thesis, is to examine the design of post-installed shear connectors for fatigue. Of particular interest in this study is the adhesive anchor, given its convenient installation procedure but relatively poor fatigue performance in previous tests. The objectives of this thesis were to quantify the fatigue strength of the adhesive anchor, as well as quantify the shear force and slip demands on adhesive anchors in realistic bridge conditions. In regards to the first objective, twenty-six direct shear fatigue tests were performed on adhesive anchors. Each test was conducted on a single adhesive anchor in order to capture its individual cyclic load-slip behavior. Results indicate that adhesive anchors have considerably higher fatigue strength than conventional welded shear studs, making partial composite design feasible in the strengthening of older steel bridges. In regards to the second objective, analytical and computational studies were conducted on composite beams with adhesive anchors. Results show that the shear force and slip demands are typically smaller than the endurance limits determined from direct-shear testing. This suggests that fatigue failure of adhesive anchors under service loads may not be a primary concern. Based on the results, preliminary recommendations for the design of adhesive anchors for fatigue are provided. / text

This research investigates prefabricated light-gauge steel and concrete panels using reliable and commercially viable shear connectors. An analytical and experimental investigation was undertaken to study the flexural behaviour of light-gauge steel and concrete composite panels under uniform pressure. Normalweight and lightweight concrete panels were fabricated by embedding 16-gauge 41 mm x 203 mm steel channel sections (running parallel to each other) to a depth of 38 mm into a 64 mm thick concrete slab. Push-out tests were also conducted to evaluate the efficiency of three types of shear connection mechanism; natural surface bonding, predrilled holes, and punched holes. Only two types of shear connectors (predrilled holes and punched holes) were used in the full-scale panel specimens. Results show that the predrilled holes and punched holes provide full shear transfer between the steel and concrete. The ultimate load carrying capacity of the lightweight concrete panels exhibited similar behaviour to the normalweight concrete panels. All the panels exhibited good load carrying capacity and ductility, and satisfied the serviceability limit state of deflection. Thus, the proposed panels present a potential for a commercially viable composite floor system for building construction utilizing a maximum span of 2330 mm.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1212266 bytes, checksum: 4433ea571934263da47083bffd54b46a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-06 / In recent years, several investigations on shear connectors in flat steel plate with holes have been conducted, in order to application in composite structures of steel and concrete. Although several experimental programs have been implemented in several countries, the behavior of these connections remains an object of study. In this work, we make a research on the contribution of openings in global strength of two types of connectors in perforated steel plate: the Perfobond, designed by German company Leonhardt, Andra und Partners (LAP) and Crestbond, designed by a group of brazilian researchers from UFV and UFMG. From the experimental results obtained by other authors, several semiempirical models were studied, based on some reasonable assumptions about the mechanisms that determine the resistant behavior of the connection, considering the effect of concrete dowels in the connector s openings. These new models are compared with previously proposed by some authors. For this we used experimental results of tests conducted in Brazil, Portugal and Canada. The analysis carried out allowed to obtain equations of resistance better than the existing ones, capable of estimating the resistance of Crestbond and Perfobond connectors with light weight concrete and normal concrete, as well as a better understanding of the structural behavior of those connectors. / Nos anos recentes, diversas investigações sobre conectores de cisalhamento em chapa plana de aço com perfurações vêm sendo conduzidas, com vistas à aplicação em estruturas mistas de aço e concreto. Embora vários programas experimentais tenham sido executados em diversos países, o comportamento dessas conexões ainda permanece como objeto de estudo. Neste trabalho, faz-se uma investigação sobre a contribuição das aberturas na resistência global de dois tipos de conectores em chapa perfurada: o Perfobond, criado pela empresa alemã Leonhardt, Andrå und Partners (LAP) e o Crestbond, criado no Brasil por pesquisadores da UFV e da UFMG. A partir dos resultados experimentais obtidos por outros autores, diversos modelos semiempíricos foram estudados, com base em algumas hipóteses razoáveis sobre os mecanismos resistentes que determinam o comportamento da conexão, tendo em vista o efeito de pino do concreto nas aberturas dos conectores. Esses novos modelos são comparados com outros anteriormente propostos por alguns autores. Para isso foram utilizados resultados experimentais de ensaios realizados no Brasil, em Portugal e no Canadá. As análises realizadas possibilitaram a obtenção de equações de resistência mais adequadas que as já existentes, capazes de estimar a resistência dos conectores Perfobond e Crestbond em concreto normal e em concreto leve, bem como um melhor entendimento do comportamento estrutural desses conectores.

The thesis focuses on the textual analysis of discourse and its methods. The goal of this thesis is to carry out comparative analysis of selected presidential discourses of Nicolas Sarkozy and Václav Klaus pronounced from 2007 to 2010 and to deduce general rules for the structure of the discourses in question. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part, which defines the subject of study, methodology and individual approaches of textual analysis of discourse, and practical part including the analysis of presidential discourses focused especially on the sequential and argumentation structure, the function of connectors, the use of lexical connotations and on the hierarchy of speech acts.

Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-11T18:39:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1029374 bytes, checksum: bb83210555827330fa8403557be7508e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T18:39:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1029374 bytes, checksum: bb83210555827330fa8403557be7508e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / This work is the analysis of adversative connectors which are present in the newspaper articles about soccer, in Pernambuco. To execute this, is has been used a corpus with data from the early XX century and the early XXI century. In all, sixty articles were analyzed, thirty for each time sample, in a total of a hundred and fifteen adversative items found. The study of function behavior of the items is observed by the application of functionalist theoretical support: markedness principle, iconicity principle and prototypes theory. We follow this theoretical perspective based on the studies of Givón (1990 and 1995), Hopper and Traugott (1993 and 2003), Neves (2000), Castilho and Elias (2012), Furtado da Cunha et al (2013). The analysis uses, in contrast, the consultation with traditional grammarians, as Almeida (1962), Melo (1978), Cunha (1986), Cegalla (1989), Bechara (2009), and others. Among the results, it has been verified that the item ‘mas’ has been presented as the prototypical of adversity, remaining as the most frequent in the two time samples of the research. This shows the prototypical value of the item in this function, although there has been insertion of it in contexts of innovative uses. Furthermore, it is observed that the traditional grammar hasn’t updated the list of adversative conjunctions once they haven’t adopted perspectives of observing the item in use situation. They have disregarded the language change process. / Este trabalho consiste na análise de conectores adversativos presentes em notícias jornalísticas sobre futebol no estado de Pernambuco. Para sua realização, constituímos um corpus com dados das primeiras décadas do século XX e das primeiras décadas do século XXI. Ao todo, analisamos sessenta notícias, sendo trinta de cada amostra, tendo sido identificados cento e quinze itens adversativos. O estudo do comportamento funcional dos itens parte da aplicação de suportes teóricos funcionalistas: princípio da marcação, princípio da iconicidade e teoria dos protótipos. Seguimos essa perspectiva teórica baseando-nos em estudos de Givón (1990; 1995), Hopper e Traugott (1993; 2003), Neves (2000), Castilho e Elias (2012), Furtado da Cunha et al. (2013). A análise utiliza como contraponto a consulta a gramáticos tradicionais, como Almeida (1962), Melo (1978), Cunha (1986), Cegalla (1989), Bechara (2009), dentre outros. Dentre os resultados alcançados, constatamos que o mas se apresenta como o item mais recorrente nos dois recortes da pesquisa, o que comprova seu valor de prototípico nessa função, embora registremos sua inserção em contextos de uso inovadores. Além disso, percebemos que a gramática tradicional não atualiza a lista de conjunções adversativas, uma vez que não adota perspectivas de observação dos itens em situação de uso, desconsiderando, assim, os processos de mudança que se concretizam com o passar do tempo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:32:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 03267.pdf: 2564353 bytes, checksum: 17a5e3fd6d69d57ed9339da8c448cbba (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Orientador: José Antonio Matthiesen / Banca: Renato Bertolino Júnior / Banca: Carlito Calil Júnior / Resumo: No Brasil, é comum o uso de estruturas treliçadas de madeira na construção de coberturas nas edificações e, que, na maioria das vezes, são feitas de forma artesanal ou empírica. Para que haja uma otimização na produção dessas estruturas, através da industrialização, é conveniente o conhecimento e o domínio dos sistemas construtivos disponíveis. A utilização dos conectores metálicos, de chapa com dentes estampados (CDE) nas ligações dos elementos estruturais das treliças, é considerada, pela literatura, uma boa opção de sistema construtivo em escala industrial. Neste trabalho foram determinadas a resistência e a rigidez das ligações por conector CDE, em peças estruturais de madeira, para as classes de resistência: C20; C30 e C40, através dos modos básicos de ruptura das peças ligadas, que são: arrancamento dos dentes na peça de madeira; cisalhamento e tração da chapa. Também foi verificada a influência da variação na umidade das peças de madeira, ao serem prensadas pelo conector CDE, na resistência e rigidez da ligação, visando com isso, contribuir com a Revisão da Norma Brasileira (NBR-7190/97). / Abstract: The usage of wood trusses is common in the construction of roofs in Brazil, the most of the times are built in way craft or empiric. Obtaining an optimization in the production of these structures, through the industrialization, it is convenient the knowledge and the domain of the available constructive systems. The usage of the metallic connectors, as the metal connectors plates (MCP) in the connections of the structural elements of the truss is considered, for the literature, a nice option of constructive system in industrial scale. In this work, the resistance and the rigidity of the connections for connector MCP, in structural pieces of wood, for the resistance classes C20; C30 and C40, were certained through the basic manners of rupture of the linked pieces are: pull-out of the teeth in the wood piece; cut and traction of the connector. The influence of the variation in the humidity of the wood pieces as they are pressed by the connector MCP, in the resistance and the rigidity of the connections was verified as well, seeking with that, to contribute with Brazilian Code (NBR-7190/97) Revision. / Mestre

Orientador: Ester Myrian Rojas Osorio / Banca: Ana Mariza Benedetti / Banca: Maria de Lourdes Otero Brabo Cruz / Resumo: O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa é o uso dos conectores discursivos nas produções escritas de aprendentes universitários, falantes de Português Brasileiro, alunos do Curso de Letras que estudam formalmente o Espanhol como Língua Estrangeira há 1 ano e 6 meses. Pretendemos perscrutar o uso correto e incorreto dos conectivos, nesses textos, para conhecer as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos estudantes no processo de aquisição/aprendizagem de uma Língua Estrangeira tão próxima à sua Língua Materna. Os dados que conformam o corpus de investigação são descritos e analisados por meio do modelo de pesquisa da Análise de Erros, fundamentado pela Pragmática e pela Análise do Discurso. Foram examinados 36 textos de 6 sujeitos, amostra representativa de 130 produções dos informantes com idade entre 19 e 35 anos. Trata-se de um estudo sincrônico, longitudinal e seccional por amostragem que acompanhou os participantes do 3º ao 4º ano do Curso de Letras de uma universidade pública de Mato Grosso do Sul, ofertado na cidade de Dourados. / Abstract: The objective of study of this research is the use of the discourse connectors in writing productions of university learners, Brazilian Portuguese speakers, students from Letters Course who formally are studying Spanish as a foreign language for a year and a half. We objectified to investigate the correct and incorrect use of the connectives in those texts to recognize the difficulties faced by the students in the process of acquisition/learning of a so close foreign language of their native language. The data which conform the corpus of the investigation are described and analyzed through the pattern of research on Errors Analysis, well-founded by the Pragmatic and the Discourse Analysis. The representative cast of 130 productions by informers with the ages between 19 and 35, were analyzed 36 texts with 6 subjects. This is a matter of a longitudinal synchronous study through the sampling which went along with the announcers from junior and senior of the Letters Course of a public university in Mato Grosso do Sul, offered by the City of Dourados. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaJO.pdf: 513557 bytes, checksum: ba8bcfd65d93d6e540ed4e2f664d8619 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-26 / This work analyzes the behavior of the adversative connectors in the speech of the user of Natal, with views to suggest implications for the grammar teaching in the high school Portuguese languages classes. It is an investigation that sits on the functionalist paradigm, specifically in the protected ideas for Giv?n. For so much, data of situations of speech from the corpus Discurso e gram?tica lingual falada e escrita da cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998). The sample embraces a total of forty interviews, of which the occurrences are cut out whose registrations mark the existence of adversatives constructions in narratives of personal experience and in the opinion reports, modality of oral language, of the mentioned database. The work revisits authors of the grammar, Cunha (1986); Bechara (2006); Perini (2006), among others; authors that contemplate referring approaches to the use of opposition connectors as: Barreto (1999); Tavares (2003); Longhin (2003); Silva (2005); Rocha (2006); Neves (2000, 2006). The results of the panoramic analysis reveal as adversity connectors in use for the habitant of Natal, for recurrence order, the mas, e, a?, agora, s? que, no entanto and j?. Analyzed the results, the same ones are compared with the treatment presented by the traditional grammar, with application of functional iconicity principle, markdness principle and the prototype of the category is chosen. In the differentiated analysis of the item " agora ", structural profile of the constructions is analyzed that involve the item, semantic profile, times, manners and aspects of the verbs that they wrap up in the constructions in reference, trajectory of grammaticalization and comparison with the prototype of the category. Finally, they are suggested implications of whole the study for the teaching of Portuguese language, in the high school classes / O trabalho em tela analisa o comportamento dos conectores adversativos na fala do usu?rio natalense, com vistas a sugerir implica??es para o ensino de gram?tica nas escolas de ensino Fundamental e M?dio. ? uma investiga??o que se assenta no paradigma funcionalista, especificamente nas id?ias defendidas por Giv?n. Para tanto, utilizam-se dados de situa??es de fala do corpus Discurso & Gram?tica a l?ngua falada e escrita da cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998). A amostra abrange um total de quarenta entrevistas, das quais se recortam as ocorr?ncias cujos registros assinalam a exist?ncia de constru??es adversativas presentes em narrativas de experi?ncia pessoal e nos relatos de opini?o, modalidade de l?ngua oral, do mencionado banco de dados. O trabalho revisita autores da gram?tica, Cunha (1986); Bechara (2006); Perini (2006), entre outros; autores que contemplam abordagens referentes ao uso de conectores de oposi??o como: Barreto (1999); Tavares (2003); Longhin (2003); Silva (2005); Rocha (2006); Neves (2000; 2006). Os resultados da an?lise panor?mica revelam como conectores de adversidade em uso pelo natalense, por ordem de recorr?ncia, mas, e, a?, agora, s? que, no entanto, e j?. Analisados os resultados, comparam-se os mesmos com o tratamento apresentado pela gram?tica tradicional, analisam-se os quatro conectores mais recorrentes, aplicam-se os princ?pios da iconicidade e da marca??o em constru??es adversativas e elege-se o prot?tipo da categoria. Em se??o destinada ? an?lise diferenciada do item agora, analisa-se o perfil estrutural das constru??es que envolvem o item, o perfil sem?ntico, tempos, modos e aspectos dos verbos que se envolvem nas constru??es em refer?ncia, trajet?ria de gramaticaliza??o e compara??o com o prot?tipo da categoria, o mas.. Por fim, sugerem-se implica??es de todo o estudo para o ensino de l?ngua portuguesa, nas s?ries do ensino fundamental e m?dio

O crescimento da população urbana, bem como as diferenças sociais brasileiras, têm causado significativa degradação nas condições de vida e de moradia em nosso país. Tal fato vem referenciar a necessidade de se intensificar as pesquisas que tenham como objetivos a produção de alternativas tecnológicas para solucionar-se tais problemas. Não é ainda comum no Brasil o uso de chapas com dentes estampados para se fazer a conexão de peças estruturais de madeira, apesar dessas se apresentarem como uma ótima alternativa estrutural e econômica para tal. A norma brasileira, NBR 7190/97 - Projeto de Estruturas de Madeira, não apresenta um método com os critérios de dimensionamento para tais tipos de ligação. Baseado em estudos teóricos e experimentais desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Madeira e Estruturas de Madeira (LaMEM), do Departamento de Engenharia de Estruturas da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, são apresentados neste trabalho contribuições para o desenvolvimento de tais critérios para o dimensionamento destas ligações. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para atender as especificações de espécies tropicais nativas e de reflorestamento encontradas em território nacional. / The increase number of urban population such as the social disparity of Brazilian people has caused significant degradation in habitation life style, increased slum numbers and the number of homeless people. Such fact strengthen the necessity of intensify researches that produce technological alternatives to solve this problems. In Brazil, it is not common see metal plate connectors in roof trusses, in spite of this connectors been a good structural and economical alternative to execute this joints. In Brazilian code, NBR 7190/97 - Timber Structures Design, design criteria for this kind of joints are not yet established. Based on theoretical and experimental studies, carried out in Wood and Timber Structures Laboratory, Structural Engineering Department, São Carlos Engineering School, São Paulo University, in this paper such criteria design will be presented. The study was developed and calibrated to attend the specifications of native specimens of Brazilian tropical wood species.