Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:32:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 03267.pdf: 2564353 bytes, checksum: 17a5e3fd6d69d57ed9339da8c448cbba (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-06T12:05:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diego Borja Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 6219798 bytes, checksum: 69378f98eb3e13b77abe804872211186 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-06T14:32:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diego Borja Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 6219798 bytes, checksum: 69378f98eb3e13b77abe804872211186 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-06T14:32:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diego Borja Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 6219798 bytes, checksum: 69378f98eb3e13b77abe804872211186 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Studying strengthening in reinforced concrete structures is an ever-growing necessity in civil construction. Flaws during design, execution, use, and maintenance, as well as the use of poor quality construction materials and a structure's functional change may all lead to this necessity. Strengthening a given structure is justified whenever it becomes necessary to increase its bearing capacity. The small number of studies which analyse the behaviour of strengthened structures makes it difficult to establish parameters that may contribute to designing such projects. This research assessed the behaviour of reinforced concrete columns under compression and one-way eccentricity, with an initial section of 120 mm x 250 mm and height of 2000 mm, strengthened in the compressed area with a 35 mm layer of self-compacting concrete. Connector screws were used as interaction reinforcement. The main variables were the connectors' position and steel rate. Strengthened columns showed an increase in rupture by approximately three times load due to the increase of connectors' rate. One of the problems detected was the concrete reinforcement layer spalling near the rupture load, whose solution requires further research. There was also a reduction in columns' horizontal displacements, caused by a decrease in ductility. These results show the effectiveness of the strengthening technique employed. / O estudo de reforço de estruturas de concreto armado cada vez mais se torna necessário na construção civil. As falhas nas etapas de projeto, de execução, uso e manutenção bem como o uso de materiais de construção de baixa qualidade podem levar a essa necessidade, somando-se a esse fator a mudança funcional da estrutura. O reforço de estrutura se justifica sempre que houver necessidade de aumentar sua capacidade portante. Existem poucos estudos do comportamento dessas estruturas reforçadas, o que dificulta a criação de parâmetros que contribuam para a elaboração desses projetos. Nesta pesquisa, foi avaliado o comportamento de pilares de concreto armado solicitados à compressão e com excentricidade em apenas uma direção, com uma seção inicial de 120 mm x 250 mm e altura de 2000 mm, reforçados na região comprimida com uma camada de 35 mm de concreto auto adensável. Como armadura de interação, foram utilizados parafusos conectores. Neste estudo, as principais variáveis são a posição e a taxa de aço dos conectores. Os pilares reforçados apresentaram aumento de aproximadamente três vezes da carga de ruptura, em função do aumento da taxa de conectores. Um dos problemas encontrados foi o desplacamento da camada de concreto do reforço próximo à carga de ruptura, sendo necessários outros estudos para solucionar esse fato. Ocorreu ainda uma redução dos deslocamentos horizontais dos pilares, devido à diminuição da ductilidade. Esses resultados mostram a eficiência da técnica de reforço adotada.

O propósito desta tese é estudar os conectores de causa e condição em fóruns eletrônicos de comunidades do Orkut. Esta pesquisa integra o projeto Gramática contrastiva alemão-português: conectores, realizado no Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS), em Mannheim (Alemanha), e apresenta os primeiros resultados da aplicação do modelo teórico que fundamenta as investigações para a constituição dessa gramática em um corpus inteiramente em língua portuguesa. A natureza argumentativa do fórum eletrônico propicia uma grande incidência de conectores de causa e condição e viabilizou a aplicação do modelo para a investigação desses recursos. Além disso, ao analisar os conectores textuais presentes em fóruns eletrônicos do Orkut, esta tese procura contribuir com os trabalhos destinados à caracterização da versão digital do gênero discursivo fórum de discussão e intensificar os estudos sobre as interações virtuais realizadas na rede de relacionamentos Orkut. Dessa forma, este estudo vincula-se também a um segundo projeto de pesquisa: Oralidade e escrita: características e usos dos gêneros midiáticos, desenvolvido no Departamento de Letras Clássicas e Vernáculas da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Os resultados encontrados a partir da análise dos dados demonstram a aplicabilidade do modelo teórico adotado para estudos em língua portuguesa e as contribuições que pode oferecer para a compreensão do funcionamento sintático, semântico e discursivo dos conectores de causa e condição. Em relação ao gênero discursivo fórum eletrônico, a análise evidencia que algumas características já identificadas por outros pesquisadores, como a argumentatividade e a escolha do registro informal em interações virtuais, também podem ser observadas nos fóruns eletrônicos do Orkut. No entanto, a característica essencial dos fóruns de promover a discussão em torno de uma questão social controversa em busca de uma solução coletiva (cf. Xavier e Santos, 2005) parece estar mais rarefeita nos fóruns que se realizam nessa rede de relacionamentos. / The main purpose of this thesis was to investigate the cause and conditional connectors in e-forums within the Orkut social network service, under the frame of the project German-Portuguese Contrastive Grammar: connectors, carried out at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS), in Mannheim (Germany). It presents the first results of the application of the theoretical model of this grammar to a corpus entirely in Portuguese language. The argumentative nature of the e-forum provides a great incidence of cause and condition connectors, particularly attractive for the investigation of the resources and limitations of the model under evaluation. Moreover, by analyzing the textual connectors in Orkut\"s e-forums, this thesis aims to contribute to the recent investigation trend on the characterization of the electronic version of discussion forums and to intensify the studies of virtual interactions carried out in Orkut. Therefore, this research fits also to a second research project: Orality and writing: characteristics and uses of media genres, developed at the Departamento de Letras Clássicas e Vernáculas da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Data analysis demonstrates the applicability of the model under evaluation to studies on the Portuguese language and the contribution that it can offer to the understanding of the syntactic, semantic and discursive functions of the cause and condition connectors. Regarding the e-forum genre, some characteristics which have already been identified by other researchers, such as the argumentativeness and informality of the texts, were observed in Orkut\"s e-forums as well. However, the forums essential characteristic of promoting a discussion around a controversial social issue in search of a collective solution to a given problem (Xavier e Santos, 2005) seems to be dissipated in the forums of this particular social network service.

Sistemas de irrigação geralmente são dimensionados negligenciando-se os cálculos das perdas localizadas de carga, o que muitas vezes causa desbalanço hidráulico deste sistema. A irrigação localizada possui muitas peças especiais para as quais, muitas vezes, não existem equações matemáticas que possibilitem o cálculo destas perdas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o ajuste de equações que permitam o cálculo da perda localizada de carga para a passagem direta e outra para a passagem lateral, causada pela presença de conectores iniciais de linha. A perda de carga na passagem direta é causada pela área da protrusão do conector internamente à tubulação e a perda de carga na passagem lateral é causada pela mudança no perfil de escoamento da água ao passar pelo conector. Para as duas situações a perda localizada no conector foi obtida por diferença entre a perda distribuída de carga no tubo mais conector e a perda distribuída de carga no tubo sem conector. Foram utilizados 5 conectores em 5 diâmetros de tubulação de polietileno e 3 diâmetros de tubulação de PVC. Foi utilizada análise dimensional para o desenvolvimento das equações que para a passagem direta apresentou um coeficiente de determinação de 97,27% e para a passagem lateral o coeficiente de determinação foi de 96,26%. As duas equações desenvolvidas apresentaram um coeficiente ótimo de desempenho, sendo seu uso indicado para os limites testados neste trabalho. / Irrigation systems are generally dimensioned neglecting the calculation of the local head loss which often causes a hydraulic disbalance of this system. There are many special components on a trickle irrigation system to which there are not mathematical equations that allow the calculation of these head losses. This study aimed the adjustment of one equation for calculating the local head losses to the direct passage and one for the lateral passage, caused by the presence of initial connectors on the lateral line. The local head loss on the direct passage is caused by the protrusion area of the connector inside the pipe and the local head loss on the lateral passage is caused by the change in the flow cross-section, when water passes through the connector. For both situations the local head loss on the connector was obtained by the difference between the local head loss on the pipe plus the connectors and the local head loss on the pipe without the connectors. There were used 5 connectors in 5 diameters polyethylene pipes and 3 diameters PVC pipes. Dimensional analysis was used to develop the equations that for the direct passage presented a determination coefficient of 97,27% and for the lateral passage the determination coefficient was 96,26%. The two equations developed showed a good coefficient of performance, and its use is indicated for the limits tested in this study.

Este trabalho traz um estudo contrastivo dos conectores temporais que indicam concomitância wenn, als e während, do alemão, e quando e enquanto, do português brasileiro. Com base no modelo teórico desenvolvido por linguistas do IDS (Institut für Deutsche Sprache), Alemanha, este estudo tem por foco verificar em quais domínios semânticos (temporal, epistêmico e/ou deôntico) esses conectores são atualizados, levando em conta o contexto sintático-semântico-pragmático das ocorrências dos corpora. O contexto mencionado compreende os seguintes fatores: a) os tempos e modos verbais das orações; b) o aspecto verbal dos verbos; c) o valor de factividade dos estados de coisas; d) a concomitância entre os estados de coisas; e) as relações semânticas que os conectores podem estabelecer e; f) fatores pragmáticos. Os fatores pragmáticos considerados nesta tese estão relacionados com o contexto comunicativo-situacional em que os enunciados foram atualizados. Dessa forma, o presente estudo pretende verificar a relação existente entre os domínios semânticos e o referido contexto, partindo da hipótese de que há elementos sintáticos, semânticos e pragmáticos que podem influenciar no tipo de leitura dos enunciados contendo os conectores selecionados para esta tese; sendo que essa influência pode ocorrer de formas diferentes no alemão e no português. / This work brings a contrastive study about the time connectors which indicate simultaneity wenn, als and während, from German, and quando and enquanto, from Brasilian Portuguese. Based on the theory, developed by some linguists from IDS (Institut für Deutsche Sprache), Germany, this study verifies in which semantic domains (temporal, epistemic and/or deontic) these connectors appear, considering the syntactic-semantic-pragmatic context of the corpora examples. The mentioned context corresponds to the following factors: a) the verb tenses and moods of the sentences; b) the verb aspect; c) the valor de factividade of the states of affairs; d) the simultaneity between the states of affairs; e) the semantic relations which the connector can establish and; f) the pragmatic factors. The pragmatic factors considered in this thesis are connected to the communicative-situational context, in which the sentences appear. Then, this work intend to verify the relation between the semantic domains and the mentioned context, based on the hypothesis that there are some syntactic, semantic and pragmatic elements which can influence on the sentences interpretation (sentences which contain the selected connectors); seeing that this influency can occur differently in German and in Portuguese.

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-04-12T19:33:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL _Rossana Rocha.pdf: 1322384 bytes, checksum: 9eeb652158a79eca361ee4b3f69417e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-19T14:45:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL _Rossana Rocha.pdf: 1322384 bytes, checksum: 9eeb652158a79eca361ee4b3f69417e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T14:45:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL _Rossana Rocha.pdf: 1322384 bytes, checksum: 9eeb652158a79eca361ee4b3f69417e5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese levanta, descreve e analisa o esquema LocVconect, representado pelas microconstruções aqui está, lá está, aí vem, lá vai, aí vem e aí está. Tais usos, formados pela ordenação locativo verbo, são levantados no banco de dados do site Corpus do Português. Embasados nos pressupostos teóricos de Bybee (2010), Traugott e Trousdale (2013), Diewald (2002), Croft (2001), entre outros, confirmamos que: (i) o esquema LocVconect se configura como construcionalização gramatical do português, atuando como elemento de conexão; (ii) os contextos específicos de ocorrência de Loc e de V motivam os distintos usos, que surgem de mudanças sucessivas em pequenos passos, rumo à configuração do esquema LocVconect; (iii) as combinações aqui está, lá está, aí vem, lá vai, aí vem e aí está se apresentam em uma trajetória de abstratização, desde o uso ainda referencial do locativo e do verbo até o uso como uma construção conectora; (iv) há níveis distintos de vínculo semântico-sintático dos subcomponentes das referidas combinações que ratificam a microconstrução aí está como membro exemplar da categoria. Esta tese visa a contribuir para o maior conhecimento dos aspectos funcionais envolvidos no uso das construções com locativos em língua portuguesa e, em âmbito maior, para a investigação dos mecanismos que motivam mudanças construcionais e construcionalização / This thesis raises, describes and analyzes the LocVconect schema, represented by microconstructions aqui está, lá está, aí vem, lá vai, aí vem and aí está. Such uses, formed by the locative verb ordering, were collected from the Corpus of Portuguese database. Based on the theoretical assumptions of Bybee (2010), Traugott and Trousdale (2013), Diewald (2002), Croft (2001), among others, we confirm that: (i) the LocVconect schema is configured as a grammatical constructionalization of Portuguese, functioning as a connection element; (ii) the specific contexts of occurrence of Loc and V motivate the different uses, which arise from successive changes in small steps towards the LocVconect schema; (iii) aqui está, lá está, aí vem, lá vai, aí vem and aí está combinations are on a trajectory of abstratization, from the still referential use of the locative and the verb to the connector construction use; (iv) there are different levels of semantic-syntactical relationship of the subcomponents of those combinations that confirm the aí está micro-construction as an exemplary member of the class. This thesis aims to contribute to the better understanding of the functional aspects involved in the use of constructions with locative in Portuguese, and more widely for the investigation of the mechanisms that motivate constructional changes and constructionalization

Adverbial connectors join together sentences and units in a text to signal logical relations. Appropriately used, they can help the reader to make sense of the text. The usage of adverbial connectors can create problems for foreign language learners, and is often shown as under- , over- and misuse of connectors. In this study, a quantitative analysis of connector usage of advanced EFL learners’ and native speakers’ student writing is presented. For the current corpus-based study, three sub-corpora of the SUSEC (Stockholm University Student English Corpus) were chosen. The sample includes 164 linguistic essays from students at Stockholm University and 82 linguistic essays from students at King’s College in London. The analysis, where the learners’ connector usage is compared to that of native speakers, is based on 69 connectors. The results show that both the learners and the native speakers rely on a rather small set of these connectors in their writing. As a group, the advanced Swedish EFL learners underuse connectors in their written production. Additionally, the learners significantly overuse 12 and underuse 6 connectors. Similarities between the learners and the native speakers were found in the positioning of the connectors. Both groups prefer the most frequently used connectors in the medial position of a sentence, and prefer mostly the same set of connectors in the different positions of a sentence, although some differences in the positioning were also found. The findings create a basis for future research where a qualitative analysis of the connector usage could be carried out in order to increase knowledge of the interlanguage of the learners. The findings could also be used for pedagogical purposes.

This essay is an analysis of a translation of the chapter Success Begets Success – From 1800 to C70 Coupé in David G. Styles’ book Volvo 1800. The Complete Story. By studying cultural adaptations together with the translation of terminology and connectors and basing the analysis on translation theory, certain conclusions can be drawn about the problems of translating a car-related text. This essay is mainly based on the theories of Vinay & Darbelnet (in Munday 2001), Rune Ingo (2007) and Bengt Altenberg (1999). The main results are that terminology is very important and that a translator needs to know the terms very well in order to translate successfully. For cultural adaptations it is necessary to make the text appear natural in the target culture without losing any vital information from the source text. Failure to meet those demands may result in a text which is rejected by people who are very interested in and knowledgeable about Volvo. Regarding connectors, avoidance of repetition is a key to success and slight increases or decreases in formality must sometimes be performed in order to reach this goal. Translation may be a rather vague science, but there are still strategies that must be regarded as better than others.

(English) The presented diploma thesis deals with the French concession connectors bien que, quoique, encore que, malgré que and certes-mais. The aim of the thesis was to describe their behaviour in French and to compare them with Czech. As the main classification criteria, we choose the position of the concédé and the asserté, and the finiteness of the concédé. By reason of technical arrangement of the corpus, the type of concession is described only marginally. The connectors were described on random samples from the parallel corpus Europarl. This corpus contains transcripts of the European Parliament's debates and was chosen due to the high content of argumentative structures. In the defined samples, bien que and certes-mais are very close in their function (most often is the government of finite concédés in anteposition). Another class consists of encore que and malgré que (commonly govern finite concédés in postposition). Quoique is aside, because it prefers on our samples non-finite concédés in postposition. And thus, the conjunction connectors, which are often referred to as synonymous, exhibit different behavior in terms of the factors described. More generally, the anteposition of concédés emphasizes the validity of the concessive implication, while its postposition stresses the concessive...

Heat shrink tubing is used to insulate wire conductors, protect wires, and to create cable entry seals in wire harnessing industries. Performing this sensitive process manually is time consuming, the results are strongly dependent on the operator’s expertise, and the process presents safety concerns. Alternatively, automating the process minimizes the operators’ direct interaction, decreases the production cost over the long term, and improves quantitative and qualitative production indicators dramatically. This thesis introduces the automation of a heat shrink tubing prototype machine that benefits the wire harnessing industry. The prototype consists of an instrumented heat chamber on a linear positioning system, and is fitted with two heat guns. The chamber design allows for the directing of hot air from the heat guns onto the wire harness uniformly through radially-distributed channels. The linear positioning system is designed to move the heat chamber along the wire harness as the proper shrinkage temperature level is reached. Heat exposure time as a major factor in the heat shrink tubing process can be governed by controlling the linear speed of the heat chamber. A control unit manages the actuator position continuously by measuring the chamber’s speed and temperature. A model-based design approach is followed to design and test the controller, and MATLAB/Simulink is used as the simulation environment. A programmable logic controller is selected as the controller implementation platform. The control unit performance is examined and its responses follow the simulation results with adequate accuracy.