A educação reconhecidamente é um dos fatores mais relevantes para o progresso econômico de indivíduos e nações. Em especial, destaca-se aqui a educação fundamental, a qual prepara o ser humano para a vida adulta, trazendo-lhe conhecimentos fundamentais para a vida em sociedade. Destarte, compreende-se que o grau de escolaridade da população, e principalmente, a qualidade do ensino oferecido refletem diretamente na qualidade de vida das pessoas, bem como no aprimoramento do exercício da democracia e da cidadania. Atualmente, no Brasil, a educação fundamental é acessível à praticamente toda a população, contudo existe uma preocupação no tocante à qualidade deste serviço público. Tal percepção advém da análise dos resultados mais recentes das avaliações em larga escala, tanto em âmbito nacional pelo Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB), como internacional (Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes - PISA). Verificando-se a evolução histórica destes indicadores, percebe-se um distanciamento entre o desempenho da educação brasileira e dos países desenvolvidos, desta forma, surgem indagações acerca das possíveis causas geradoras desta disparidade. Neste sentido, a adequada alocação de recursos e a gestão administrativo-pedagógica das escolas mostram-se como sendo pontos relevantes, e que podem auxiliar na resolução deste problema. Com o intuito de contribuir para a resolução desta problemática, definiu-se como objetivo geral desta tese, a proposta de práticas administrativo-pedagógicas que possam colaborar para a melhoria no desempenho de escolas municipais do ensino fundamental, de baixo nível socioeconômico, no IDEB. Para tanto, os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados envolveram uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Na primeira etapa, foi utilizada a técnica Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), em conjunto com a análise de quintil e regressão logística, para que fosse possível realizar uma análise das informações oriundas das bases de dados governamentais (FINBRA, Prova Brasil e Censo Escolar). Num segundo momento, foram realizados estudos de múltiplos casos no estado do Ceará, a fim de se obter em loco informações que pudessem auxiliar na compreensão e explicação do fenômeno estudado. Por fim, as informações advindas de ambas etapas foram cruzadas e analisadas, chegando-se à proposta de catorze práticas administrativo-pedagógicas, que provavelmente podem gerar reflexos positivos no desempenho das escolas municipais do ensino fundamental, de baixo nível socioeconômico no IDEB. / Education is admittedly one of the most relevant factors for the economic progress of individuals and nations. In particular, it\'s highlight here the fundamental education, which prepares the human being for adult life, bringing him elementaty knowledge for live in society. Thus, it is understood that the educational level of the population, and especially the quality of education offered, directly reflect the quality of life of the people, as well as the improvement of the exercise of democracy and citizenship. Currently, in Brazil, basic education is accessible to practically the entire population, however there is a concern regarding the quality of this public service. This perception comes from the analysis of the most recent results of large-scale evaluations both at the national level by the Basic Education Development Index (IDEB) and international (International Student Assessment Program - PISA). Verifying the historical evolution of these indicators, reveals a gap between the performance of Brazilian education and the developed countries, in this way, emerge questions about the possible causes of this disparity. In this sense, the adequate allocation of resources and the administrative-pedagogical management of the schools are shown as relevant points, and that can help in solving this problem. In order to contribute to the solution of this problem, the general objective of this thesis was to propose administrative and pedagogical practices that could contribute to the improvement of the performance of low socio-economic primary schools in IDEB. Therefore, the methodological procedures used here involved a quantitative and qualitative approach. In the first stage, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique was used, together with quintile analysis and logistic regression, so that it was possible to perform an analysis of information from governmental databases (FINBRA, Prova Brasil and Censo Escolar). In a second moment, studies of multiple cases were carried out in the state of Ceará, in order to obtain information that could help in the understanding and explanation of the phenomenon studied. Finally, the information from both stages was cross-referenced and analyzed, reaching the proposal of fourteen administrative and pedagogical practices, which can probably generate positive effects on the performance of municipal schools of elementary education, of low socioeconomic level in the IDEB.

The purpose of this diploma thesis is to describe an application of data envelopment analysis to the performance assessment of bank branches. The bank has used, in the first half of the year 2007, two DEA models: DEA model with the purchasing power as an implicit parameter and DEA model with the economic potential as an explicit parameter. I have used for the calculations different models, which are stated in the literature, (i.e. CCR model or BCC model), because in data received from the bank was the influence of the purchasing power already involved. Next purpose of this thesis is to summarize theoretical basis of DEA models and also this theoretical basis put together with existing foreign studies.

The topic of this diploma thesis is the application of certain operation research methods on a practical example. The main objective is to evaluate and compare hypermarkets of selected retail company on the basis of data from cosmetics department for the year 2013. In the thesis are firstly described theoretical assumptions necessary for understanding the decision theory and DEA models, next part is then focused on selected company and its history, current market position and the different types of store formats. Following practical part shows the application of multicriteria evaluation methods (WSA, TOPSIS, ELECTRE III) and DEA models (CCR and BCC) on concrete intern data and results which are then commented, compared and completed with recommendations, how to eliminate store or stores weaknesses, if needed. All calculations in the practical part of this thesis were done by the supplement of MS Excel -- Sanna and optimalization software LINGO.

In der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift wird ein thermo-elektro-mechanisches Modell zur Simulation des Verhaltens von dielektrischen Elastomeraktoren vorgestellt. Zur Beschreibung der elektrischen und thermischen Eigenschaften werden lineare Modelle verwendet. Ein isotropes viskohyperelastisches mechanisches Materialmodell wird auf Grundlage der Hyperelastizität nach Ogden und der Beschreibung viskosen Verhaltens mittels Prony-Reihen eingesetzt. Die elektromechanische Kopplung ist durch die elektrostatische Anziehungskraft geladener Elektroden begründet. Die verlustbehafteten Prozesse der elektromechanischen Energieumwandlung bzw. des Ladungstransports führen zu einer Verlustleistung, welche in Wärme umgewandelt wird. Auf diese Weise wird eine unidirektionale Kopplung zwischen dem elektromechanischen und dem thermischen Feld erreicht. Die entsprechenden Materialparameter wurden der Literatur entnommen oder von Daten experimenteller Untersuchungen abgeleitet, welche am Institut für Elektromechanische Konstruktion (EMK) der Technischen Universität Darmstadt durchgeführt wurden. Mittels der Finite-Elemente-Methode wurde das thermo-elektro-mechanischen Modell zur Simulation zweier Testgeometrien verwendet. Dabei wurde eine gute qualitative Übereinstimmungen zwischen den Ergebnissen der numerisch Simulation und den experimentellen Beobachtungen des EMK erreicht. Die Ursachen quantitativer Differenzen zwischen den experimentell ermittelten und den numerisch berechneten Temperaturen werden untersucht und diskutiert. Abgeleitet aus den Ergebnissen der numerischen Untersuchungen werden abschließend Vorschläge zu einer Verringerung der dissipationsbedingten Erwärmung unterbreitet. Diese Vorschläge sind durch konstruktive, beispielsweise geometrische oder materielle, Eigenschaften von DE-Aktoren begründet, oder können aufgrund der aktiven Anregung getroffen werden.

[pt] A avaliação de desempenho no contexto da saúde é especialmente importante para Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs), que lidam com casos de alta complexidade. Este trabalho avalia 93 UTIs com uso de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Três modelos são propostos para aprofundar a análise em diferentes perspectivas: equipe médica, estrutura e capacidade. Este trabalho usa dados a nível de paciente para ajustar os resultados pelo case-mix da UTI, o que resulta em dois outputs: taxa de mortalidade ajustada (SMR) e taxa de uso de recurso ajustada (SRU). Análises estatísticas também são realizadas para mostrar a relação entre as variáveis. Médias dos valores de eficiência obtidos pelo DEA são calculados para variáveis categóricas não-discricionárias, mostrando que hospitais privados com fins lucrativos, em geral, têm melhores resultados de eficiência, e que grandes UTIs têm menores valores de SMR e SRU. / [en] Healthcare performance assessment is especially relevant for Intensive Care Units (ICUs), which deal with high complexity cases. This work evaluates 93 ICUs using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Three models are proposed to broaden the analysis from different perspectives: staffing, structure, and capacity. It uses patient-level data to adjust outcomes to the ICU s case-mix, which results in two outputs: Standardized Mortality Rate (SMR) and Standardized Resource Use (SRU). Statistical analyses are also performed to show the relation of the variables. Average DEA efficiency scores are calculated for categorical non-discretionary variables, assessing that private for-profit hospitals, in general, have better efficiency results and that large ICUs have lower SMR and SRU.

The issues of performance measurement and efficiency analyses for transit industries have been gaining significance due to severe operating conditions and financial constraints in which these transit agencies provide service. In this research, we present an approach to measure the performance of Urban Transit Networks, specifically, bus routes that comprise the network. We propose a math programming model that evaluates the efficiencies of bus routes taking into consideration, the service providers, the users and the societal perspectives. This model is based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology and derives from Network Theory, Network Modeling in DEA, Goal Programming & Goal-DEA and 'Environmental' Variables. This approach enables the decision maker to determine the performance of its units of operations ('bus routes' in our case), optimally allocate scarce resources and achieve target levels for 'externality' variables for these bus routes and for the whole network. We further recommend modifications to the model, for adaptation to other modes of transportation as well as extend its applicability to other applications/scenarios. / Master of Science

No / Regular Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) models deal with evaluating the performance of a set of decision-making units (DMUs) with a two-stage construction in the context of a deterministic data set. In the real world, however, observations may display a stochastic behavior. To the best of our knowledge, despite the existing research done with different data types, studies on two-stage processes with stochastic data are still very limited. This paper proposes a two-stage network DEA model with stochastic data. The stochastic two-stage network DEA model is formulated based on the satisficing DEA models of chance-constrained programming and the leader-follower concepts. According to the probability distribution properties and under the assumption of the single random factor of the data, the probabilistic form of the model is transformed into its equivalent deterministic linear programming model. In addition, the relationship between the two stages as the leader and the follower, respectively, at different confidence levels and under different aspiration levels, is discussed. The proposed model is further applied to a real case concerning 16 commercial banks in China in order to confirm the applicability of the proposed approach at different confidence levels and under different aspiration levels.

Les actionneurs à film diélectriques (DEA) sont une classe d'actionneurs prometteurs. Fabriqués de polymères, ces actionneurs électromécaniques offrent un ratio force-poids élevé et une grande plage de déplacements potentiels. Alors que leurs caractéristiques de minceur et de légèreté les destinent principalement des applications portatives ou mobiles, où l'efficacité énergétique est un facteur clé de l'intégration technologique, très peu d'information est disponible quant à leurs performances énergétiques. L'objectif de ce travail vise donc la compréhension des phénomènes qui régissent l'efficacité des DEA par la caractérisation expérimentale de leurs performances énergétiques sous différentes conditions de fonctionnement. L'avenue proposée pour l'analyse combine un modèle thermodynamique simple, basé sur la variation de capacitance des DEA, une caractérisation expérimentale des performances d'un DEA standard (conique). De nombreux graphiques d'efficacité sont obtenus et analysés en fonction d'une description énergétique combinant des processus thermodynamique, électromécanique et mécanique. Le processus thermodynamique est la base théorique de la description énergétique. Il est fonction de la capacitance d'un DEA et de son mode de fonctionnement. Le processus mécanique représente quant à lui la viscoélasticité des matériaux et réduit l'efficacité du modèle en fonction des conditions de fonctionnement, tout comme le processus électromécanique qui combine les pertes électriques et les déformations non désirées. L'analyse préliminaire des performances d'un moteur en DEA permet d'approfondir la compréhension des pertes électromécaniques en fonction des conditions aux frontières. À la lumière des résultats, des règles stratégiques de conception sont présentées en fonction de la tension imposée, de la vitesse d'actionnement, du déplacement imposé, des matériaux, des modes d'opération et des conditions aux frontières.

This essay concern the Bona Dea cult and women in the Roman Republic. By using ancient literary sources and inscriptions the different aspects of the cult is examined from a gender and an intersectional perspective. The essay covers the lives and rights of Roman women, their role in religion in general and how they participated in the Bona Dea cult specifically. The aim of the study is to understand the importance of the cult for women, freedmen and slaves, as well as analysing the paradox of letting women participate in rituals and customs otherwise forbidden to them.

Diplomová práce je věnována vytvořené aplikaci DEAMS. DEAMS je webová aplikace pro řešení úloh modelů analýzy obalu dat a vyznačuje se uživatelskou přívětivostí, použitelností a jednoduchou prezentací a interpretací výsledků.