Editar, respeitando as normas vigentes, o manuscrito Reminiscências de Santos, escrito por João Luis Promessa, e pertencente à Igreja Santo Antonio do Valongo, em Santos. Precede a edição, breve histórico do documento, da Igreja e do autor, João Luis Promessa, bem como a análise codicológica e paleográfica do manuscrito. Após a edição, faz-se a análise das ocorrências dos pronomes demonstrativos do texto editado, comparando-as aos dados coletados com o levantamento das ocorrências do pronome demonstrativo dos textos da dissertação de Mestrado Edição de Textos Relativos à Defesa, Segurança e Fiscalização Portuária da Baixada Santista no Período Final do Século XVIII e Início do Século XIX e do livro Por Minha Letra e Sinal. Faz parte, ainda, desta tese, um levantamento histórico da trajetória dos pronomes demonstrativos, do latim às orientações das atuais gramáticas prescritivas. / Edit, respecting the standards, the manuscript \"Reminiscent of Santos\", written by João Luis Promise and belonging to the Church of Santo Antonio Valongo in Santos. Preceding edition, brief history of the document, the Church and the author, John Luis Promise and the codicology and palaeography analysis of the manuscript. After editing, it is the analysis of occurrences of demonstrative pronouns from the text edited, comparing them to data collected with the survey of occurrences of the demonstrative pronoun of the texts of the dissertation of Masters \"Edition of Texts Concerning the Protection, Security and Surveillance of Baixada Santista Port in the end period of the eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth century\" and the book \"The Sign and My Letter\". Part, even in this thesis, a survey of the historical trajectory of pronouns demonstrative, the Latin to the gidelines of current prescriptive grammars.

Editar, respeitando as normas vigentes, o manuscrito Reminiscências de Santos, escrito por João Luis Promessa, e pertencente à Igreja Santo Antonio do Valongo, em Santos. Precede a edição, breve histórico do documento, da Igreja e do autor, João Luis Promessa, bem como a análise codicológica e paleográfica do manuscrito. Após a edição, faz-se a análise das ocorrências dos pronomes demonstrativos do texto editado, comparando-as aos dados coletados com o levantamento das ocorrências do pronome demonstrativo dos textos da dissertação de Mestrado Edição de Textos Relativos à Defesa, Segurança e Fiscalização Portuária da Baixada Santista no Período Final do Século XVIII e Início do Século XIX e do livro Por Minha Letra e Sinal. Faz parte, ainda, desta tese, um levantamento histórico da trajetória dos pronomes demonstrativos, do latim às orientações das atuais gramáticas prescritivas. / Edit, respecting the standards, the manuscript \"Reminiscent of Santos\", written by João Luis Promise and belonging to the Church of Santo Antonio Valongo in Santos. Preceding edition, brief history of the document, the Church and the author, John Luis Promise and the codicology and palaeography analysis of the manuscript. After editing, it is the analysis of occurrences of demonstrative pronouns from the text edited, comparing them to data collected with the survey of occurrences of the demonstrative pronoun of the texts of the dissertation of Masters \"Edition of Texts Concerning the Protection, Security and Surveillance of Baixada Santista Port in the end period of the eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth century\" and the book \"The Sign and My Letter\". Part, even in this thesis, a survey of the historical trajectory of pronouns demonstrative, the Latin to the gidelines of current prescriptive grammars.

Este estudo trata dos demonstrativos no português do Brasil e em espanhol a partir de uma análise quantitativa e do estudo de casos extraídos de um corpus de língua oral formado por intervenções de ouvintes em programas de rádios do Brasil, da Argentina e da Espanha. O estudo tem um enfoque enunciativo, privilegiando uma visão da linguagem como representação que constitui, no próprio discurso, relações entre as pessoas e os objetos representados; os demonstrativos são focalizados na sua participação na construção dessa representação. Para as análises feitas, consideramos os demonstrativos como formas cujo sentido só pode ser construído na enunciação e cujas referências também só se constituem no universo do discurso. O corpus inicial está formado por mil ocorrências de demonstrativos, que foram gravadas e transcritas, divididas por séries e contabilizadas. Foi constatada a hipótese inicial de uma distribuição das três séries que difere da que se apresenta em diversos instrumentos normativos e descritivos em relação às três pessoas do discurso. Partindo dos resultados encontrados, fazemos uma análise de casos que ilustram o funcionamento dos demonstrativos nas duas línguas, e as conclusões às quais chegamos sobre o nosso corpus explicitam semelhanças e diferenças no emprego dos demonstrativos no português do Brasil e em espanhol. Observamos uma alternância de formas para referir-se a um mesmo referente e observamos também expressões que têm um efeito de maior indefinição das quais os demonstrativos participam, o que nos levou a pensá-los como formas que talvez não se caracterizem somente por criar um efeito de definição da expressão nominal da qual participam, mas que têm funções que vão além da função referencial. / This study deals with demonstrative pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish taken from a quantitative analysis and case studies drawn from a spoken language corpus consisting of radio listeners interventions in Spain, Brazil, and Argentina. The study has an enunciative approach, favoring a view of the language as a representation that constitutes, in the speech itself, relationships between people and the objects represented; the demonstrative pronouns are focused on their participation in the construction of this representation. For the cases studied, we considered the demonstrative pronouns as forms which meanings can only be built on enunciation and which references are also only in the universe of the speech. The initial corpus is composed of a thousand cases of demonstrative pronouns that were recorded and transcribed, divided by series and counted. The initial hypothesis of the three-series distribution that differs from the one that is presented in various normative and descriptive instruments in relation to the speeches of three people was verified. Based on the results, we make case analysis that illustrate the statements operation in the two languages, and the conclusions which we arrived on our corpus elucidate the similarities and the differences in the use of pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese and in Spanish. It was observed an alternation of forms to refer to the same referent and we also noticed expressions that have an effect of greater uncertainty in which the statements are involved, which led us to think of them as forms that might not characterize themselves only by creating an effect definition of the nominal expression in which they participate, but that have functions that go beyond the referential function.

Šio darbo tyrimo objektas yra lietuvių ir latvių parodomieji įvardžiai, o tikslas – nustatyti jų santykius lietuvių – latvių kalbų vertimuose ir jų keliamas problemas vertėjams. Iškeliama tokia hipotezė: parodomieji įvardžiai vertimuose iš lietuvių kalbos į latvių kalbą dažniausiai, bet ne visada, yra keičiami latvių kalbos parodomaisiais įvardžiais. Darbo medžiaga yra dabar (nuo 2011 metų sausio iki 2012 metų gruodžio) Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto ir Latvijos universiteto bendrai rengiamas lietuvių – latvių lygiagretusis tekstynas. Į šį tekstyną įtraukiami lietuviškų tekstų vertimai į latvių kalbą. Iš šio tekstyno lygiagrečiųjų tekstynų konkordavimo programa ParaConc buvo sudaryti konkordansai pagal lietuvių parodomuosius įvardžius ir tirta, kaip jie verčiami į latvių kalba. Darbas susideda iš penkių dalių. Pirmoji dalis – įvadas, kuriame trumpai aprašytas tyrimo tikslas ir uždaviniai. Antrajame skyriuje nustatoma, kas yra parodomieji įvardžiai ir tarpusavyje lyginami šios grupės lietuviški ir latviški žodžiai. Trečias skyrius skirtas tyrimo metodikai ir panaudojamam tekstynui aprašyti. Ketvirtame skyriuje atliekama iš tekstyno išgautų duomenų analizė. Atskirai apžvelgtas lietuviškų parodomųjų įvardžių vertimas latviškais parodomaisiais įvardžiais; lietuviškų parodomųjų įvardžių vertimas kitais įvardžiais ir kitoms kalbos dalims priskiriamais žodžiais; lietuviškų parodomųjų įvardžių nevertimas. Penktoje dalyje pateikiami darbo rezultatai ir kelios rekomendacijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Lithuanian and Latvian demonstrative pronouns are the object of this paper. The aim is to identify their relations in Lithuanian – Latvian translations and the problems they may cause to the translators. The hypothesis is as follows: Lithuanian demonstrative pronouns in Lithuanian – Latvian translations are mostly but not always replaced by Latvian demonstrative pronouns. This research is based on the Lithuanian – Latvian parallel corpus which is now being prepared in two partner universities: Vytautas Magnus University and University of Latvia. In this corpus translations of Lithuanian texts into Latvian are being collected. Concordances of Lithuanian demonstrative pronouns are extracted from this corpus using concordancer ParaConc. It is studied how these pronouns are translated into Latvian. The paper consists of five chapters. The first one is introduction where the aim and tasks are shortly described. The second chapter presents demonstrative pronouns, the definitions of this group and the words that belong to it in Lithuanian and Latvian languages. The third chapter describes methodology and the corpus used in this research. In the fourth chapter analysis of the corpus data is performed. Translation of Lithuanian demonstrative pronouns as Latvian demonstrative pronouns; translation of Lithuanian demonstrative pronouns as other Latvian pronouns or other word classes; and discarding of Lithuanian demonstrative pronouns are discussed. Conclusions and some recommendations... [to full text]

Diese Dissertation führt den Beweis, dass Sprechaktbezug nicht anaphorischer, sondern deiktischer Natur ist, und stellt ein formales Modell für denselben vor. Korpusdaten in gesprochenem Deutsch und Daten aus Fernseh-Talkshows zeigen, dass man sich nur mit demonstrativen Ausdrücken auf Sprechakte beziehen kann. Zusätzlich unterstützen zwei Experimente die Beobachtung, dass Sprechaktbezüge nicht mit Personalpronomen getätigt werden. Nur selten lassen Muttersprachler des Deutschen ein gegebenes Personalpronomen auf einen Sprechakt referieren, und nur selten wählen sie das Personalpronomen, um sich auf einen gegebenen Sprechaktreferenten zu beziehen. Die klare Präferenz liegt beim Demonstrativum. Um auf Entitäten außerhalb des Diskurses zu referieren, nutzt man im Deutschen Demonstrativ-, nicht aber Personalpronomen. Dementsprechend sollten Sprechakte als Ereignisse im Äußerungskontext und nicht als Teil von sprachlicher Form und Bedeutung aufgefasst werden. Bestehenden Diskurstheorien mangelt es an einer Unterscheidung zwischen Anaphern und Deixis, während umgekehrt Theorien über sprachliche Bezüge sich nicht mit Sprechakten beschäftigen. Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) integriert nicht-sprachliche Objekte als Diskursreferenten in die Diskursstruktur, was auch für Sprechakte gilt. Dieser Umstand erlaubt allerdings Anaphern auf Sprechakte. Da sich schwach referentielle Ausdrücke wie Personalpronomen nicht auf Sprechakte beziehen können, muss die Ontologie von Sprechakten in SDRT überdacht werden. Hier wird eine SDRT-Variante vorgestellt, die als Diskursmodell zwei Informationsquellen umfasst, nämlich a) semantische Äußerungsinhalte und b) die physische Umgebung der Gesprächsteilnehmer (d.h. ihre "joint attention"), dargestellt als zwei DRSen. Das Modell unterscheidet systematisch zwischen anaphorischem und deiktischem Bezug und dadurch auch zwischen Bezug auf sprachlichen Inhalt und auf sprachliche "Behältnisse": Sprechakte. / This dissertation provides evidence that reference to speech acts is deictic, not anaphoric, and furthermore introduces a formal model of speech act reference. Corpus data from spoken German as well as observed data from German TV talk shows demonstrates that speech acts are exclusively referred to by demonstrative expressions. Additionally, new experimental evidence supports this observation and shows that speech acts are not referred to by personal pronouns. German native speakers rarely make given personal pronouns refer to a speech act, nor do they decide for a personal pronoun to refer to a given speech act referent when forced to choose between personal and demonstrative pronouns. Demonstratives are strongly preferred. In German, demonstrative pronouns rather than personal pronouns are used to refer to objects external to the discourse. Consequently, speech acts should be modeled as events in the utterance context rather than as parts of linguistic form and meaning. Existing theories of discourse structure lack a distinction between anaphora and deixis, while theories of reference do not integrate the concept of a speech act. Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) introduces non-linguistic entities in discourse structure. This includes speech acts, which are introduced as discourse referents, which in return predicts anaphoric reference to speech acts. Since reference to speech acts with weak expressions like personal pronouns does not occur, the status of speech acts in SDRT must be redefined. As variant of SDRT, I propose a discourse model that comprises the two information sources of a) semantic content of utterances and b) immediate physical environment of the interlocutors (i.e. their joint attention), which are represented as a pair of DRSs. This model systematically distinguishes between anaphora and deixis, and therefore between reference to linguistic content and reference to linguistic containers: speech acts.

Cette thèse explore le fonctionnement indexical des pronoms démonstratifs anglais this, that et it d’une part, et des pronoms démonstratifs français, en particulier ça, d’autre part, en vue d’une comparaison entre ces deux systèmes. L’ensemble des phénomènes référentiels et discursifs observés sont ramenés à certaines caractéristiques syntactico-sémantiques propres à chaque démonstratif, alors formalisées dans le cadre de la Grammaire Notionnelle Dépendancielle. Les occurrences de this, that, it et ça analysées étant issues de conversations orales spontanées et enregistrées selon le protocole des projets PAC et PFC, notre étude apporte un questionnement sur les avantages et les limites des grands corpus oraux pour les recherches en linguistique théorique. / This thesis focuses from a comparative perspective on the indexical functioning of both English and French demonstrative pronouns, namely this, that and it on the one hand, and celui-ci/là, ceci, cela and ça on the other – with particular emphasis on the neuter pronoun ça. The overall referential and discursive phenomena which are examined are tied to a number of syntactic and semantic features and representations characterizing each demonstrative item. Our treatment is then formalized within the framework of Notional Dependency Grammar. As all our crucial examples concerning this, that, it and ça are extracted from authentic face to face conversations from the PAC and PFC projects, the present study leads to a discussion of the potential advantages and limits of large spoken corpora for research in theoretical linguistics.

[pt] Segundo as gramáticas tradicionais, o que caracteriza, fundamentalmente, os pronomes demonstrativos é a sua função dêitica: indicam a posição dos seres, coisas e noções no espaço ou tempo em relação às três pessoas do discurso (primeira pessoa: este/a, isto; segunda pessoa: esse/a, isso; terceira pessoa: aquele/a, aquilo). Além da função dêitica, também são mencionadas a função anafórica e a catafórica que, respectivamente, fazem referência a algo já mencionado e ao que será citado no discurso. Essas classificações, no entanto, não dão conta de outros empregos desses pronomes no discurso oral e escrito. Considerando, pois, a multifuncionalidade dos pronomes demonstrativos, esta pesquisa se propõe a descrever e analisar os seus variados usos e valores semântico-pragmáticos. Assim, os pressupostos teóricos que fundamentam esta pesquisa são os da Gramática Funcional do Discurso, modelo proposto por Hengeveld (2004), que considera a língua em uso, os participantes, o propósito comunicativo e o conteúdo discursivo. Os dados apresentados constatam que o emprego dos demonstrativos se manifesta com extrema riqueza na língua, indicando uma tendência de reconfiguração das funções básicas desses pronomes. As evidências apontam para um processo de subjetividade de ordem semântico-pragmático no uso dos demonstrativos. / [en] According to the traditional grammars, what characterizes the demonstrative pronouns is its deictic function: they indicate the position of beings and notions in space or time in relation to the three persons of the speech (1st and 2nd person: this and 3rd person, that). Besides the deictic function, the grammars also mention anaphoric and cataforic function that, respectively, refer to something already mentioned and to what will be said in the speech. These ratings, however, do not account for other ways of these pronouns in oral and written discourse. Considering, therefore, the multifunctionality of the demonstrative pronouns, this research aims to describe and analyze their varied uses and semantic-pragmatic values. Thus, the theoretical assumptions underlying this research are those of Functional Discourse Grammar, a model proposed by Hengeveld (2004), which considers the language in use, the participants, the communicative purpose and the discursive content. The presented data underlines that the use of statements manifests extreme richness in the language, indicating a tendency to rewrite the basic functions of these pronouns. The evidences point to a semantic-pragmatic process of subjectivity in the use of demonstrative pronouns.