År 2009 upphörde apoteksmonpolet i Sverige och Apoteket AB blev därmed mer konkurrensutsatt än någonsin. Det resulterade även i att deras behov av att särskilja sig från de nystartade kedjorna och butikerna ökade rejält och därför fick företagets varumärke, kommunikationsstrategier och val av kommunikationskanaler mycket stor betydelse. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur Apoteket AB arbetar med visuell och digital kommunikation i butik och på webben för att stärka kundens uppfattning om företaget och varumärket. Studien ämnar även att undersöka hur Apoteket AB’s konsumenter upplever och påverkas av deras kommunikation samt om det finns mönster och möjliga strategier mellan val av mediekanaler och framgångsfaktorer hos Apoteket AB.För att besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes en kvalitativ studie som bestod av intervjuer med utvalda personer inom Apoteket AB som har god kunskap inom områdena visuell och digital kommunikation både i butik och på webben. För att få in ett konsumentperspektiv i studien genomfördes även en fokusgrupp med fem utvalda kunder som regelbundet handlar på Apoteket AB. Det empiriska materialet diskuterades och analyserades sedan tillsammans med den litteraturstudie som gjordes för att följa upp syftet och ge svar på studiens problemformulering.Studiens resultat visade att Apoteket AB arbetar mycket med differentierad marknadsföring utifrån utvalda kundsegment, vilket har visat sig vara en mycket framgångsrik strategi. Ytterligare en viktig del i deras kommunikationsstrategi har varit att vara synliga och tillgängliga på de flesta plattformar där deras kunder befinner sig. Eftersom Apoteket AB’s kundkrets sträcker sig över många generationer har de därför valt att både använda sig av traditionella och digitala medier. Denna mediemix fungerar för Apoteket AB då kommunikationen når ut till de utvalda kundsegmenten och utifrån det empiriska resultatet framkom det även att respondenterna upplever kommunikationen som intressant, trovärdig och transparent. Men det som framförallt har fått respondenterna att känna igen Apoteket AB’s varumärke och dess produkter har varit enhetligheten i deras kommunikation. Apoteket AB har en tydlig grafisk identitet med utvalda typsnitt, färger och former som genomsyrar all deras kommunikation och allt deras marknadsmaterial. Detta har visat sig vara den största anledningen till att konsumentupplevelsen har stärkts både i butik och på webben. / The Swedish pharmacy market was deregulated in 2009 after a state-run monopoly of 40 years. This meant that Apoteket AB had to adapt both its business and market share to the new pharmacy market. The market competition increased Apoteket AB’s need to differentiate themselves from the other chains and pharmacies and therefore the company's brand, communications strategies and choice of communication channels became very important.The purpose of this study has been to examine how Apoteket AB works with visual and digital communication both in stores and on the Web to enhance the customer's perception of the company, the brand and the store. The study also intends to explore how Apoteket AB’s consumers perceive and are affected by their communication, and if there are patterns and possible strategies between the choice of media channels and success factors of Apoteket AB.To answer these questions a qualitative study was conducted, consisting of interviews with selected individuals within Apoteket AB who have good knowledge in the areas of visual and digital communication both in stores and online. A focusgroup was conducted to get the consumer perspective in to the study. It consisted of five selected customers who regularly purchased at Apoteket AB. The empirical material was later discussed and analyzed together with the literature study that had been performed to answer the purpose of the study.The results showed that Apoteket AB works extensively with differentiated marketing, based on selected customer segments. This has proven to be a very successful strategy. Another important part of their communication strategy has been to be visible and accessible on most platforms where their customers are present. Since Apoteket AB’s customer base spans many generations, they have chosen to use both traditional and digital media. This media mix works well for Apoteket AB because their communication reaches out to the selected customer segments. The empirical results also revealed that the consumer perceive Apoteket AB’s communication as interesting, credible and transparent. The most important reason that the respondents recognize the Apoteket AB brand and its products is the consistency in their communications. Apoteket AB has a distinct visual identity with selected fonts, colors and shapes that permeates all their communication and their marketing materials. This has proven to be the major reason that the consumer experience has been strengthened, both in stores and on the web.

<p> This thesis addresses the design of fractionally-spaced equalizers for a digital communication system which is susceptible to Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI). ACI can render an otherwise well designed system prone to excess bit errors. Algorithms for a trained adaptive FIR linear fractionally-spaced equalizer (FSE) with explicit sidelobe control are developed in order to provide robustness to ACI. The explicit sidelobe control is achieved by imposing a quadratic inequality constraint on the frequency response of the equalizer at a discrete set of frequency points in the sidelobe region.</p> <p> Algorithms are developed for both block adaptive and symbol-by-symbol adaptive modes. These algorithms use interior point optimization techniques to find the optimal equalizer coefficients. In the block adaptive mode, the problem is reformulated as a Second Order Cone Program (SOCP). In the symbol-by-symbol adaptive mode, the philosophy of the barrier approach to interior point methods is adopted. The concept of a central path and the Method of Analytic Centers (MAC) are used to develop two practically implementable algorithms, namely IPM2 and SBM, for performing symbol-by-symbol adaptive, fractionally-spaced equalization, with multiple quadratic inequality constraints.</p> <p> The performance of the proposed algorithms is compared to that of the Wiener filter, and the standard RLS algorithm with explicit diagonal loading. In the computer simulations, the proposed algorithms perform better in the sense that they provide the desired robustness when the communication model is prone to intermittent interferers in the sidelobe region of the frequency response of the FSE. Although the proposed algorithms have a moderately higher computational cost, their insensitivity to the deleterious effects of ACI make them an attractive choice in certain applications.</p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Proliferation of new wireless technologies has rekindled the interest on the design, analysis and implementation of suboptimal receiver structures that provide good error probability performance with reduced power consumption and complexity particularly when the order of diversity is large. This thesis presents a unified analytical framework to perform a trade-off study for a class of hybrid generalized selection combining technique for ultra-wideband, spread-spectrum and millimeter-wave communication receiver designs. The thesis also develops an exact mathematical framework to analyze the performance of a dual-diversity equal gain combining (EGC) receiver in correlated Nakagami-m channels, which had defied a simple solution in the past. The framework facilitates efficient evaluation of the mean and variance of coherent EGC output signal-to-noise ratio, outage probability and average symbol error probability for a broad range of digital modulation schemes. A comprehensive study of various dual-diversity techniques with non-independent and non-identical fading statistics is also presented. Finally, the thesis develops some closed-form solutions for a few integrals involving the generalized Marcum Q-function. Integrals of these types often arise in the analysis of multichannel diversity reception of differentially coherent and noncoherent digital communications over Nakagami-m channels. Several other applications are also discussed. / Master of Science

While digital mediation can facilitate some aspects of communication, such as increasing scope and access to communicative possibilities, those gains are overwhelmed by the challenges of digital mediation to support empathy.The ubiquity of our digital existence throughout much of the developed world has, in a relatively short time, had a profound impact on human communication. Time spent online and in front of a screen has increased exponentially during the last three decades. This has led to a great deal of interpersonal communication becoming digitally mediated. From luddites to web developers, users of digitally mediated communication (DMC) often find it necessary to participate in discourse that utilizes these technologies. In this project, I assess user experiences with DMC on interpersonal discourse to gain insight into user perceptions of empathic communication in the form of Short Message Service (SMS) text messaging. I employ survey and interviews protocols on a sampling of undergraduate students on one campus of a regional community college. While some think that DMC opens new spaces for social connections, others believe that DMC has a negative impact on our social relations by challenging empathetic connections between interlocutors. I hypothesize that empirical evidence will support this second view. Results of this investigation may be used to determine the conditions under which empathy is diminished in DMC and help us consider improved protocols for employing this ever-expanding mode of interpersonal communication. This study is unique in that it attempts to evaluate empathy, a concept that is challenging to define, describe, and measure. Hence, questions used in the survey paid attention to perceptions of empathy and survey takers' sentiments regarding the expression of empathy in text-messaging.

Instant Messaging är en digital kommunikationskanal i ett användarvänligt format för kommunikation i nära realtid. Som en växande trend på arbetsplatsen väljer allt fler företag att integrera kommunikationskanalen i sina kommunikationslösningar. Samtidigt följer användningen av Instant Messaging med en omedveten andrahands-effekt, något som lämnat synliga avtryck på företagens kommunikationsmönster. Kommunikationsteoretikerna Turner och Reinsch (2007) förklarar förekommandet genom att introducera termen multikommunikation, hur anställda identifieras gå från att ha sekventiella till simultana interaktioner. En användning som formats efter Instant Messagings avsaknad av icke-verbala indikationer i att kräva mindre koordinering och möjliggöra för anställda att fördela sin uppmärksamhet över flera interaktioner. Turner och Reinsch (2007) föreslår därför att multikommunikation är att föredra när företag värderar inre effektivitet eftersom anställda som deltar i simultana interaktioner kan överprestera övriga. Andra insatta teoretiker har istället identifierat hur avsaknaden av icke-verbala indikationer ger kommunikationssvårigheter i form av funktionsbegränsningar och intensiva kommunikationsflöden. Något som ger implikationer för anställdas arbetsproduktivitet i att Instant Messaging kan vara avbrytande, försvåra en samordnad turtagning och göra det ansträngande att förmedla känslor. Uppsatsen syftar därför till att undersöka hur anställda hanterar den multikommunikation och de kommunikativa svårigheter som uppstår i samband med användandet av Instant Messaging. Genom deltagande observationer och semi-strukturerade intervjuer, på en avdelning inom ett multinationellt industriföretag, utförs en fallstudie. Resultat visar att sättet anställda hanterar Instant Messaging är starkt bundet till den kontext kommunikationskanalen nyttjas i. I en sammansättning av erfarenheter och sociala regler identifieras överenskomna strategier vilka balanserar och kontrollerar kommunikationsflödet, samt får funktionsbegränsningar att ge en minskad negativ effekt. Genom att prioritera kommunicerat innehåll efter tidskänslighet minskar antalet interaktioner, får kollegor att inte avbrytas i onödan och underlättar till en korrekt fördelning av uppmärksamhet. Samtidigt skickas främst skärmbilder tagna i affärssystemet SAP vilka inrymmer information i ett formaliserat gränssnitt. Något som gör kommunikationsflödet mindre intensivt i att kunna ersätta otroligt många meddelanden. Det underlättar till en samordnad turtagning, snabbare responstid och mindre ansträngning i att anställda inte skriftligt formulerar information med tillhörande känslor. / Instant Messaging is a digital communication channel with a user-friendly design for near realtime communication. As a growing trend in the workplace, more and more companies decide to integrate the communication channel into their communication solutions. The use of Instant Messaging follows with a secondary effect revealed in visible marks on corporate communication patterns. Communication theorists Turner and Reinsch (2007) explains the occurrence by introducing the term Multicommunication, how employees are going from having sequential to simultaneous interactions. A use shaped by Instant Messaging's lack of non-verbal indications in allowing for less coordination and an allocation of attention across multiple interactions. Turner and Reinsch (2007) therefore propose that multicommunication is preferable to companies seeking efficiency seeing that employees participating in simultaneous interactions outperform others. Other relevant theorists have identified how the lack of non-verbal indications provide communication difficulties sprung from functional limitations and intensive communication flows. This is creating implications for work productivity as Instant Messaging interrupt ongoing tasks, disrupt the turn-taking and complicates the conveyance of emotions. This thesis therefore aim to study how employees manage multicommunication and the communication difficulties that emerge in use of Instant Messaging.  A case study is conducted, by participant observations and semi-structured interviews, at a department of a multinational industrial company. The results show that the way employees manage multicommunication and communication difficulties is strongly bound to the context of use. In a mix of experiences and social rules a set of agreed strategies is used to help balance and control the communication flow and also reduce negative effects of functional limitations. To primarily communicate time-sensitive content the number of active interactions is reduced, unnecessary interruptions is avoided and a proper allocation of attention is facilitated. Mostly send messages also consists of print screens captured in the ERP-system which holds information in a formalized interface. The use of print screens is appreciated in favor of making the communication flow less intense by replacing an incredible number of messages. This usage facilitate the coordination of turn-taking, the possibility of instant feedback and the creation of content in not having to phrase in writing to convey emotions.

One would like to evaluate and compare complex digital communication systems based upon their overall bit error rate. Unfortunately, analytical expressions for bit error rate for even simple communication systems are notoriously difficult to evaluate accurately. Therefore, communication engineers often resort to simulation techniques to evaluate these error probabilities. In this thesis importance sampling techniques (variations of standard Monte Carlo methods) are studied in relation to both linear and non-linear detectors. Quick simulation, an importance sampling method based upon the asymptotics of the error estimator, is studied in detail. The simulated error probabilities are compared to values obtained by numerically inverting Laplace Transform expressions for these quantities.

Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / A great demand exits for higher data rates and increased reliability of future consumer based mobile communication systems while being more bandwidth and power efficient. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in combination with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) schemes has become a promising candidate for fulfilling the demand of next generation communication systems. The sensitivity of MIMO OFDM systems to physical impairments is of great interest and particularly the Alamouti space-time block code is under investigation in this thesis. Generic and comprehensive simulation models of an OFDM communication system incorporating the spacetime block code are developed in a modular fashion and used in a performance evaluation with non-ideal component and channel behaviour.

Wikipedia consists of an online encyclopedia created by users worldwide who collaborate to distribute knowledge and edit information in real-time. Although Wikipedia's accuracy has been a disputable and debatable issue in many recent studies, little academic research has systematically addressed how users interact with the platform's storytelling tools and how do they perceive and use Wikipedia's infrastructure, such as interactive tools. This exploratory study fulfills this gap and sheds light on users' perceptions about Wikipedia's interactivity. Moreover, Wikipedia is approached as an online community where collaboration, co-creation, and knowledge distribution play an important role. Therefore, it can be studied under the scope of Digital Humanities as well. The theoretical framework of interactive storytelling and digital communication suggests that hyperlinks, page preview bottoms, or interactive catalogs are applied in Wikipedia's environment to help users absorb information and construct their narratives. The findings of this thesis offer practical insights on how Wikipedia's interactive storytelling tools empower users with the ability to develop their stories and become editors/authors and provide a foundation for further academic research on user experience and how to improve interactivity and digital communication in Wikipedia

A presente pesquisa propõe um estudo de uma trajetória de Produção Partilhada do Conhecimento, com foco em relações comunidade-universidade, mais especificamente em duas comunidades indígenas brasileiras, onde foram desenvolvidos trabalhos de campo: Aldeia Sangradouro (Tsö\'rehipãri), da etnia xavante, Aldeia Fontoura (Btõiry), da etnia karajá, além da Escola de Comunicações e Artes (ECA) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Durante a pesquisa nessas comunidades, foram realizados produtos e registros audiovisuais, com dois interlocutores locais, Divino Tserewahú, entre os xavantes, e Juanahu Iny, entre os karajás, assim como a participação dos mesmos em atividades no contexto acadêmico. Os diários de partilha trazem fotos dos diversos autores que participaram dos percursos e os relatos etnográficos das atividades com as distintas comunidades. Para a contextualização e problematização do processo de realização, partir-se-á dos conceitos de Produção Partilhada do Conhecimento, Cotidiano, Senso Comum e Hipermídia como aportes teóricos aptos à investigação de novas possibilidades de produção de conhecimento em Comunicação Digital. / This research proposes a study of one trajectory of Shared Production of Knowledge, focusing on community-university relations, specifically in two Brazilian indigenous communities, which were developed fieldwork: Sangradouro village (Tsö\'rehipãri), ethnicity Xavante, Fontoura village (Btõiry), ethnicity Karaja, and the School of Communication and Arts (ECA) at the University of São Paulo (USP). During the research in these communities were made products and audiovisual recordings, with two local interlocutors, Divino Tserewahú among the Xavante, and Juanahu Iny among Karajá, as well as their participation in activities in the academic context. The daily of sharing brings photos from the various authors who participated of the routes and the ethnographic narration of the activities with the different communities. For contextualize and problematize the process of realization, we bring the concepts of Production Sharing Knowledge, Quotidian, Common Sense and Hypermedia as a theoretical framework suitable for investigating new possibilities of knowledge production in Digital Communication.

Esta tese propõe verificar os limites e possibilidades metodológicas do Experience Design na concepção de peças de mobiliário doméstico contemporâneo. As ferramentas utilizadas para a leitura do contexto de atuação pretendido deram origem ao que denominamos de emergência de questões sensíveis, que nortearam o desenvolvimento dos critérios de projeto, tendo em vista, uma abordagem mais humana e comunitária em busca da promoção da qualidade de vida, via design. A descrição do processo de escolha, aplicação e dificuldades encontradas no uso de tais ferramentas e métodos estão presentes no corpo deste trabalho, enriquecido com a adição de informações complementares, tais como imagens e descrições de projetos de referência, definições e microanálises. Trata-se, de certa maneira, de uma investigação de caráter interdisciplinar, dentro de um panorama rico, mas também intrincado, que deve considerar as questões sociais locais, a minimização dos impactos ambientais, a transformação do espaço doméstico e do próprio grupo familiar. Estas peças de suporte ao cotidiano são entendidas também como interfaces físicas capazes de potencializar a comunicação e transmissão de informações, entre gerações diferentes de uma mesma família, como por exemplo, os jovens e os idosos. Este depositário de memórias vincula fotografias familiares com relatos orais e os exibe em tempos diferentes dos de sua produção e registro. O fio condutor desta narrativa projetual é o sistema intitulado MEMOrabili@, apresentado ao final deste trabalho. / This thesis proposes to verify the methodological limits and possibilities of Experience Design in conceiving contemporary domestic furniture. The tools used to evaluate use-in-context gave rise to what we call \"sensitive issues\" that guided the development of design criteria based in a more human and community-oriented approach that promotes quality of life though design. The description of the selection process, its implementation and the difficulties encountered in using such tools and methods are included in this work, which also contains supplementary information such as images and descriptions of reference designs, definitions and microanalyses. The thesis deals with an interdisciplinary investigation of a broad but intricate context, requiring the consideration of local social issues, the minimization of environmental impact, and the transformation of domestic space as well as the family itself. The objects of day-to-day family life in questions are also understood as physical interfaces capable of enhancing the communication and transmission of information between generations. These repositories of memory link family photographs and oral histories, and remain on display long after their production and the events they record. MEMOrabili@ is the system that drives this design narrative, and it is presented at the end of this work.