Malgré une longue histoire de développement, l'hémodialyse (rein artificiel) possède encore quelques limitations, telles que la perte des propriétés initiales de la membrane en cours de traitement à cause du colmatage et la mauvaise élimination des toxines urémiques de taille moyenne. La présente étude fait partie d'un projet européen nommé BioArt dont le but est d'apporter des solutions à ces limites. Dans cet objectif, l'un des partenaires du projet a proposé le développement d'un nouveau concept de membrane double couche au sein de laquelle sont incorporées des particules adsorbantes. Une caractérisation complète de cette nouvelle membrane était alors nécessaire, plus précisément l'impact de la matrice mixte sur l'élimination des toxines urémiques de divers groupes devait être évalué, ainsi que la propension du matériau membranaire à se colmater. Les études des phénomènes de colmatage sont classiquement menées à l'échelle macroscopique (faisceau de fibres creuses) sans analyse à l'échelle d'une fibre isolée. Le but premier de la présente thèse a alors été de proposer un dispositif permettant une étude du colmatage membranaire induit par la protéine à l'échelle microscopique. Un dispositif microfluidique transparent dans lequel la membrane polymère est insérée a été élaboré et mis en œuvre pour la filtration des protéines modèles : l'albumine de sérum bovin (BSA) et l'a-lactalbumine. Grâce au couplage avec la microscopie de fluorescence, différents modes d'adsorption des protéines sur la surface de la membrane ont été observés et liés aux variations des conditions hydrodynamiques à l'intérieur de la puce. Il a été constaté, sous certaines conditions, une différence dans l'accumulation de protéines entre l'entrée, le centre et la sortie du canal tandis que dans d'autres conditions cet effet s'annule. En outre, un phénomène inattendu, l'agrégation de l'a-lactalbumine, a été observé au cours de la filtration. La localisation dans le canal et la forme des agrégats dépendent également des conditions hydrodynamiques et de la pression transmembranaire appliquée. Dans le but d'optimiser la conception de la membrane vis à vis de son aptitude à éliminer des molécules de taille moyenne de la circulation sanguine, un modèle mathématique a été proposé. L'objectif du modèle était, en prenant en compte la présence de particules adsorbantes à l'intérieur de la membrane double couche, de rendre compte de la combinaison des trois mécanismes d'élimination du soluté : la convection, la diffusion et l'adsorption. Le modèle permet de prédire l'influence de divers paramètres tels que la diffusivité de la molécule, l'épaisseur de la membrane, la présence de la convection, la charge en particules adsorbantes, sur l'intensification des flux à travers la membrane. Le modèle semble être un outil utile pouvant être appliqué à l'optimisation de membranes pour l'élimination des toxines. / Despite a long history of development, the hemodialysis procedure (artificial kidney) still possesses some limitations, such as loss of the initial properties of the membrane due to fouling and poor removal of the middle sized uremic toxins. The present study is part of an European project named BioArt the aim of which was to overcome these limitations. In that objective, one of the partners of BioArt project reported on the development of the novel promising concept of double layer membrane with embedded adsorptive particles. A thorough characterization of the new membrane was then necessary, more precisely the extent to which mixed matrix layer can improve the removal of the uremic toxins from various groups needed to be evaluated, as well as the propensity of the membrane material to become fouled. The studies of the fouling phenomena are conventionally performed at the macro scale (bundle of hollow fibers) without insights of what is happening at the scale of an isolated fiber. Therefore, the primary aim of the present Thesis was to transfer the research of the protein-induced membrane fouling from the macro to the micro scale. A novel transparent microfluidics device with the polymeric membrane inside has been developed and applied for the filtration of model proteins: bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a-lactalbumin. Thanks to the coupling of the microchip with the fluorescent microscopy, different patterns of protein deposition on the membrane surface were observed and related to the variations in the hydrodynamic conditions inside the microchip. It was found that at certain conditions one may observe the difference in protein accumulation in the inlet, the middle, and the outlet of the channel while at other conditions this effect vanishes. Additionally, the unexpected phenomena of a-lactalbumin aggregation was observed over the course of filtration. The location and shape of the aggregates were also dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions and the applied transmembrane pressure. Aiming to address the problem of membrane design optimization for the enhancement of the middle molecules elimination from the bloodstream, a mathematical model, which accounts for the presence of adsorptive particles inside the complex double-layer membrane, has been proposed. The objective of the model was to understand the interplay of three solute removal mechanisms: convection, diffusion, and adsorption. The model allows predicting the influence of various parameters such as molecule diffusivity, membrane thickness, the presence of convection, content of adsorptive particles on the flux intensification across the membrane. The developed model seems to be a useful tool, which may be applied to design optimized membranes for the removal of toxins.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur la manière dont les images et les discours produits sur l’Amazonie, ses populations et ses ressources, ont permis de faire du sud du Pará l'un des territoires d’expansion de l'élevage bovin les plus importants. Nous avons pour cela considéré l’élevage comme une institution, définie ici comme des foyers d’expérience en mouvement, posture à la base de la formulation de notre cadre théorique et méthodologique. Celui-ci nous a permis de nous écarter des variables explicatives conventionnelles et d’identifier plutôt les différents mécanismes et dispositifs qui ont rendu possible la justification et légitimité de cette activité dans une région où les forêts prédominent. Nous avons utilisé pour cela une approche multidisciplinaire alimentée principalement par Thorstein Veblen, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze et Veena Das,. La polyphonie de cette tessiture théorique et méthodologique a favorisé la mise en place d'un regard distinct sur l'évolution de l'élevage bovin dans le biome de l'Amazonie. Nous avons utilisé l'analyse d'images, de discours et d'autres pratiques qui sont à la base de la formation et du fonctionnement de cette institution unique. L'accent est mis sur certains mécanismes qui en font partie : les déclarations de « peur de perdre » et « volonté de changer », ce que nous appelons ici « dispositif d'efficacité » et « émulation-force ». Ces mécanismes ont été mis en valeur par la relecture des écrits sur les élevages itinérants partant du Nord-Est du Brésil et arrivés dans le sud du Para, qui sont considérés ici sous le concept de « machine de guerre », aux côtés de la notion de «marges d'État ». / Essa tese analisa como as imagens e os discursos produzidos sobre a Amazônia, as populações e os recursos, desde uma perspectiva histórica, permitiram tornar o sul do Pará em um dos locais de maior expansão da criação de gado bovino. No primeiro momento, passamos a considerar a pecuária como uma instituição, definida aqui como focos de experiência em movimento, de modo a conduzir a formulação de um referencial teórico e metodológico que fugisse das variáveis explicativas convencionais, buscando, antes, os diversos mecanismos e dispositivos que possibilitaram a justificação/legitimidade da atividade em uma região onde predominavam florestas. Para esse percurso, valemo-nos de uma abordagem multidisciplinar fecundada principalmente por reflexões de autores como Thorstein Veblen, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Veena Das, entre outros. A polifonia dessa tessitura teórica e metodológica aqui proposta favoreceu a constituição de um olhar distinto sobre a evolução da pecuária bovina no bioma amazônico, pensando-a como uma instituição, e trazendo para o escopo das análises as imagens, os discursos e outras práticas que permitiram a formação e funcionamento dessa instituição singular. Há uma ênfase para alguns mecanismos que fizeram parte dessa trama: os enunciados do “medo de perder” e da “vontade de transformar” e aquilo que aqui chamamos de “dispositivos de eficiência” e a “emulação-força”, que foram construídos na tese a partir da releitura dos escritos sobre a pecuária itinerante que saiu do Nordeste brasileiro e chegou ao sul do Pará, considerada aqui à luz do conceito de “máquina de guerra”, juntamente com a noção de “margens do estado”. / This thesis examines how the images and discourses produced on Amazon, populations and resources, from a historical perspective, allowed making the south of Para in one of the sites of greatest expansion of cattle breeding. At first we should consider livestock as an institution, defined here as moving experience outbreaks, so as to allow the formulation of a theoretical and methodological framework to flee the conventional explanatory variables, seeking rather to the various mechanisms and devices that allowed the justification / legitimacy of the activity in a region where forests predominated. For this route, we make use of a multidisciplinary approach enriched mainly by reflections of authors such as Thorstein Veblen, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Veena Das, among others. This polyphony made possible by theoretical and methodological frameworks proposed here allowed the establishment of a different look at the evolution of cattle breedingin the Amazon biome, considering it as an institution, and bringing to the scope of the image analysis, speeches and other practices that allowed the formation and operation of this unique institution. There is an emphasis on some mechanisms that were part of this plot: the statements of the "fear of losing" and "wish of transforming" and what we here call "efficiency device" and "emulation-force", as well as a reinterpretation the writings on the itinerant cattle that came out from Northeast Brazil and reached the south of Pará, considered here in the light of the concept of a "war machine" with the notion of "state banks".

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre des énergies renouvelables au sein du programme HARVEST du laboratoire LEGI, qui consiste à développer un concept d'hydrolienne de type Darrieus. L'hydrolienne peut être équipée d'un dispositif appelé carénage afin de transformer une portion plus grande de l'énergie cinétique contenue dans le courant d'eau en électricité. Les travaux présentés se sont focalisés sur ces systèmes de carénage, autour de trois axes : l'explication du principe de fonctionnement hydrodynamique du carénage, la quantification des performances de l'hydrolienne carénée et la mise en évidence des grandeurs géométriques clés du carénage permettant d'améliorer ou d'optimiser la performance du système. Toutes les études ont été réalisées à l'aide des calculs RANS 2D et des données expérimentales mises à disposition et, comparées aux résultats obtenus pour une hydrolienne non-carénée. / The general context of the present thesis is renewable energies within the HARVEST program initialized at LEGI laboratory, which consists in developing a Darrieus-type water current turbine (WCT). The WTC can be equipped with a channelling device which allows transforming a bigger amount of the kinetic energy contained in the flowstream into electricity. The present work is focused on the channelling devices. Studies concern three main topics: the explanation of the channelling device hydrodynamic functioning, the evaluation of the performance of the shrouded WCT and the revealing of the system geometrical parameters which allow its improvement or optimisation. All studies have been carried out by 2D RANS calculations and available experimental data, and have been compared to bare WTC results.

A dissertação, Institucionalização da Educação Especial para a Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual em Caxias do Sul: Configurações Pedagógicas nas décadas de 1970-1980, foi suscitada a partir do questionamento “Quais configurações pedagógicas possibilitaram a institucionalização da Educação Especial, para a pessoa com deficiência intelectual, no município de Caxias do Sul, nas décadas de 1970 e 1980”, e teve como objetivo problematizar a institucionalização da Educação Especial, para a pessoa com deficiência intelectual, possibilitadas pelas configurações pedagógicas, produzidas nesse município, nas décadas referidas. A posição teórica assumida nesta pesquisa foi a de um olhar genealógico, utilizando conceitos foucaultianos, para a leitura e análise de alguns documentos. Os documentos estudados foram Atas, Planos de Aula, Entrevistas, Fotos, Jornais, Correspondências, Regimentos, Relatórios de Seções da Câmara de Vereadores de Caxias do Sul e Pareceres. A análise consistiu em ler os documentos em posição genealógica, permitindo um olhar produzido no interior das relações de poder dos sujeitos; um sujeito atravessado por diversos discursos, produtor de discursos. Os documentos foram pesquisados na APAE- Caxias do Sul, na Escola Especial Estadual João Prataviera, no Arquivo Histórico Municipal João S. Adami, no Acervo Histórico virtual da Câmara de Vereadores de Caxias do Sul, em entrevistas realizadas com professoras que atuaram no período histórico da pesquisa. Dividida em três capítulos, esta pesquisa apresenta, no primeiro capítulo, a posição teórica usada para analisar as configurações pedagógicas que possibilitaram uma Educação Especial no município de Caxias do Sul, bem como para explicar os conceitos em voga neste estudo, principalmente o conceito de dispositivo, por ser um conceito central para responder ao problema de pesquisa, e por situar a produção discursiva científica historicamente estabelecida, nos fins do século XIX, no Ocidente. O segundo capítulo busca contextualizar o momento histórico, abordando os saberes valorados no município de Caxias do Sul, bem como a conceitualização de deficiência intelectual e a emergência de instituições de educação especial nesse município nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, introduzindo o dispositivo normoseador como uma operabilidade específica das configurações pedagógicas da Educação Especial, no período analisado. No terceiro capítulo, será apresentada a análise documental cujo foco é um ensino profissionalizante para a pessoa com deficiência intelectual no interior das instituições de Educação Especial estudadas, situando esse ensino profissionalizante como existente desde a década de 1930, no Brasil. Nessa pesquisa foi possível observar as configurações pedagógicas produzidas pela Educação Especial atuando no nível de potencializar os corpos, numa busca por normosear esses corpos em espaços abrigados, operando por meio de um dispositivo normoseador. A institucionalização, nesse caso, entendida como legitimações instituídas por meio de tecnologias, em que a própria prática dessas tecnologias possibilita e aprimora seu próprio funcionamento como um conjunto de saberes – que denominei como configurações – vão mostrar as configurações pedagógicas produzidas, especificamente, para uma Educação Especial, normoseando os sujeitos considerados deficientes para torná-los produtivos para o trabalho, operando um dispositivo normoseador, emergente na instância da promoção e prevenção da ordem social, da enfermidade infantil, da anomalia infantil, da marginalização das pessoas com deficiência intelectual. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-06T14:32:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Daniele Uglione Fabbrin Casale dos Santos.pdf: 2307488 bytes, checksum: d88648817cdecaca4008dbe65b8354cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-06T14:32:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Daniele Uglione Fabbrin Casale dos Santos.pdf: 2307488 bytes, checksum: d88648817cdecaca4008dbe65b8354cf (MD5) / The research, Institucionalização da Educação Especial para a Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual em Caxias do Sul: Configurações Pedagógicas nas décadas de 1970-1980 (Institutionalization of Special Education for People with Intellectual Disabilities in Caxias do Sul: Pedagogical Configurations in the 1970s and 1980s, arose from the question What pedagogical aspects enabled the institutionalization of Special Education for people with intellectual disabilities, in Caxias do Sul, in the 1970s and 1980s, and aimed to discuss the institutionalization of Special Education for the person with intellectual disabilities, made possible by educational proposals, made in this city, in those decades. The theoretical position taken in this research was a genealogical view, using concepts by Foucault to the reading and analysis of the documents. The documents studied were Minutes, Lesson Plans, Interviews, Photos, Newspapers, Mailing, Rules of Procedure, Session of the City Council of Caxias do Sul Reports and Class reports. The analysis consisted of reading the documents in a genealogical position allowing a view produced by the subjects within the relations of power, a subject crossed by several discourses, yet discourse producer. The documents were found in APAE-Caxias do Sul, State Special School João Prataviera, Municipal Historical Archive João S. Adami, virtual Historical Collection of the City Council of Caxias do Sul, and there were also interviews with teachers who worked in the period of the research. Divided into three chapters, this research will present, in the first chapter, the theoretical position used to analyze the pedagogical configuration that allowed Special Education in Caxias do Sul, as well as explain the concepts in this research, especially the concept of dispositif as a core concept to answer the research problem, and will locate the scientific discursive production historically established in the late nineteenth century, in the West; in the second chapter there will be a contextualization of the historical moment, approaching the appreciated knowledge in Caxias do Sul, as well as the conceptualization of intellectual disability and the emergence of special educational institutions, in this city, in the 1970s and 1980s, introducing the normalization dispositif as an operation mode specific of the pedagogical configuration of the Special Education in the analyzed period; the third chapter will present the documental analysis, whose focus is vocational education for people with intellectual disabilities within the institutions of Special Education, situating this professional education, as existing since the 1930s in Brazil. In this research it was possible to observe the pedagogical configuration produced by Special Education acting at the level of empower the bodies, in search of normalizing these bodies in supported places working through a normalization dispositif. The institutionalization, in this case, understood as the legitimation imposed by technology, where the actual practice of these technologies, enables and enhances its own set of knowledge configuration, which I named as configurations, will show educational configurations produced specifically for Special Education, normalizing subjects considered to be deficient to make them productive for work, operating a normalization dispositif, emerging in the instance of promotion and prevention of social order, the child disease, child anomaly, the marginalization of people with intellectual disabilities. !! !

Les formations intégrées au travail suscitent l’intérêt manifeste des entreprises : elles sont considérées comme plus efficaces et moins coûteuses que les stages de formation classiques.Dans notre recherche, nous étudions un type particulier de formation intégrée au travail : le dispositif d’apprentissage en situation de travail tel qu’il a été conçu par l’association Entreprise & Personnel. Le but de notre travail est de vérifier son efficacité pédagogique.En nous inspirant de Billett (1995, 1996, 2001, 2006) du Workplace Learning et de Pastré (1999, 2005, 2011) de la didactique professionnelle, nous avons formulé 2 hypothèses :-le dispositif AST facilite les processus de transformation du modèle opératif chez l’apprenant ;-le dispositif AST facilite les apprentissages en tant qu’il offre des opportunités de participation qui suscitent l’engagement de l’apprenant.Les observations et les entretiens menés auprès de 21 techniciens de l’entreprise ERDF qui bénéficient du dispositif AST nous ont permis de constater que l’hypothèse 1 est confirmée pour l’ensemble des apprenants étudiés et l’hypothèse 2 pour la majorité d’entre eux.Sur le plan théorique, notre recherche invite à penser l’efficacité pédagogique des dispositifs en termes de transformation de modèles opératifs, d’opportunités de participation et d’engagement individuel. Sur le plan pratique, elle confirme l’intérêt du dispositif AST tout en invitant les professionnels à exercer un regard critique sur la question de la réflexivité et du transfert des apprentissages.Cette recherche s’est réalisée dans le cadre d’un partenariat CIFRE entre l’université Paris Ouest et l’entreprise ERDF. / Currently, in organisations, much attention is given to workplace learning and more specifically, intentional, structured and organised learning on the job. Indeed, this kind of training seems to be more efficient and less expensive than off-the-job training.In our research, we study a specific workplace curriculum which has been developed by Entreprise & Personnel association. The aim of our research is to examine the efficacy of this curriculum.Our theoretical framework draws together the work of Billett (1995, 1996, 2001, 2006) one of leader scholars of the field of Workplace Learning and Pastré (1999, 2005, 2011), one of the key researchers of the francophone field vocational didactic. It allows us to formulate 2 hypothesis:- the curriculum facilitates learnings and in particular scheme transformation process;- this curriculum facilitates learning because it affords opportunities that engage the learner.The data gathering procedures was conducted in the French power distribution company ERDF. They include interviews and observations of 21 technicians. Our findings show that hypothesis n°1 is confirmed for all the participants, and hypothesis n°2 for most of them.Our research invites researchers to examine the efficacy of curriculum in terms of scheme transformation process, workplace opportunities and individual engagement. Our findings confirm the interest of workplace curriculum. At the same time, it invites professionals to think critically of reflexivity and learning transfer questions.Our research was conducted under a partnership between Paris Ouest University and ERDF. It was in part funded by the French national research agency.

Les travaux autour de l’instrumentation gestionnaire sont le point d’entrée de cette recherche (Moisdon et al., 1997 ; Hatchuel et Weil, 1992 ; David, 1996, 1998). Nous nous intéressons à la coévolution d’une pratique de gestion, le knowledge management (KM), et d’une organisation. En résumant nos questions de recherche par la formule : « comment peuton faire du KM ? », nous interrogeons à la fois les différentes approches possibles de la gestion des connaissances, mais aussi les raisons qui conduisent une organisation à adopter le KM. Pour ce faire, nous menons une analyse multi-niveaux qui tient compte du contexte institutionnel, organisationnel et interindividuel. Dans ce cadre, nous mobilisons plusieurs littératures - institutionnalisme, outils de gestion, modes de consommation, théories managériales des organisations multinationales, régulation sociale - afin de parvenir à une compréhension globale des dynamiques d’un dispositif de gestion des connaissances au sein d’une organisation. Les dynamiques du dispositif de gestion sont étudiées à travers la mise en intrigue (Ricoeur, 1983) de la gestion des connaissances dans la Branche Ciment du groupe Lafarge. L’intrigue - pourquoi le KM ? - s’articule autour des enjeux stratégiques de l’industrie cimentière et de l’organisation de la fonction d’expertise technique. .Elle est le prélude aux différents récits qui content l’histoire du KM dans la Branche Ciment selon différentes perspectives spatiales et temporelles. A l’issue de cette recherche, il s’avère que le rôle principal du dispositif de gestion des connaissances est celui d’accroître la légitimité de l’entreprise vis-à-vis de son environnement externe et interne. Le dispositif KM est un outil au service d’un centre fort, qui se veut détenteur des connaissances. Nous avons documenté le basculement du dispositif de gestion fondé sur une logique de personnalisation, de gestion des compétences et d’autonomie vers une logique de codification, de gestion de l’information et de prescription. Le dispositif, figé dans une régulation de contrôle, se heurte à la régulation autonome des membres de l’organisation qui s’exprime à travers la résistance à la codification. Le conflit entre ces deux régulations entraîne une crise qui se traduit notamment par le mal-être des experts. Cependant le découplage soigneusement maintenu entre le dispositif de gestion des connaissances et l’activité réelle des opérations permet le maintien du statuquo. Au final, le cas de la Branche Ciment illustre un cas de domination stratégique. En l’absence de régulation conjointe, c’est le découplage entre discours et pratique qui assure la survie du modèle d’organisation. / This research takes the literature on management tools (Moisdon et al., 1997 ; Hatchuel et Weil, 1992 ; David, 1996, 1998) as a starting point. I focus on the co-evolution of a management practice in-use (Jarzabkowski, 2004), here Knowledge Management (KM) and an organisation. My research deals with the question « How can we do KM ? ». This refers to the different approaches for managing knowledge as well as to the different reasons that lead an organisation to adopt KM practices and tools. A multi-level analysis, combining the institutional, organisational and inter-individual contexts, is carried out. This framework calls upon various theories: institutionalism, management tools, managerial theories of the multinational corporation, social regulation (Reynaud, 1989), thus broadening our understanding of the dynamics of a management practice in-use within an organisation. The concept of emplotment (Ricoeur, 1983) is used to study the dynamics of KM within the Cement Division of the Lafarge group. The main plot - why KM? - brings forward the strategic context of the cement industry and the organisation of the technical expertise function. This plot is the starting-point for the different stories of KM in the Cement Division, which are told from different perspectives in time and space. The main results of this research show that Knowledge Management is mainly used to increase the firm’s legitimacy both towards external and internal stakeholders. KM is a tool in the hands of strong headquarters that claim to be the ultimate knowledge owner. Thus, I related the switch of KM from a perspective based on personalisation, competencies management and autonomy to a perspective focusing on codification, information management and prescription. Resistance to codification highlights the conflict between KM, set in a control mode (régulation de contrôle) and the employee’s will for autonomy (régulation autonome). The tension between these two types of regulation leads to a crisis as can be seen through the growing sense of unease among the experts. In the end however, such tensions do not interfere with the daily run of operations as KM is decoupled from ongoing activity. Thus, the story of the Cement Division is a case of strategic domination. In the absence of a joint regulation (régulation conjointe), decoupling discourse from practice allows the survival of the organizational model.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2016-09-30T17:07:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) desantis_2016_tese.pdf: 4644779 bytes, checksum: bf709310edfd2cd0392be42f6d1b1301 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T17:07:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) desantis_2016_tese.pdf: 4644779 bytes, checksum: bf709310edfd2cd0392be42f6d1b1301 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-07 / A ciência contemporânea vem se deparando com a necessidade de novas formulações que sejam capazes de superar as restrições decorrentes do pensamento científico tradicional, de inspiração cartesiana e que postula: a separação clara e inequívoca dos objetos do mundo; a possibilidade de divisão do todo em partes menores; a resolução de problemas a partir das partes menores; a garantia de recomposição da totalidade a partir da junção das partes. Teorias do pensamento complexo vem sendo desenvolvidas como alternativas a este modelo simplificador, no intuito de evidenciar as suas limitações e oferecer métodos de abordagem compatíveis com este novo paradigma. Esta pesquisa investiga as bases para concepção de um sistema de organização do conhecimento capaz de lidar com domínios complexos, identificando as matrizes de sua formulação em autores como conde de Buffon e Ranganathan. A superação das dicotomias e da noção teleológica do conhecimento é investigada a partir de uma abordagem semiótica, fundamentada na representação simbólica do conhecimento, a partir dos trabalhos de Ernst Cassirer e baseia-se na noção de fronteira em Gilles Deleuze e de dispositivo em Michel Foucault. O método complexo proposto por Edgar Morin fundamenta a base metodológica para aplicação do esquematismo tensivo proposto por Viggo Brøndal. A formulação de um sistema de organização do conhecimento capaz de abordar domínios complexos baseia-se em um duplo deslocamento: o primeiro consiste no reconhecimento da primazia da recuperação em relação à representação em sistemas de organização do conhecimento, hipótese defendida desde a década de 1950 por pesquisadores como Jesse Shera e posteriormente por Brian Vickery. O segundo deslocamento diz respeito à unidade básica do conhecimento tratável, que deixa de ser a noção de conceito – hierárquico, dicotômico, com fronteiras bem definidas e cujo pertencimento é reduzido a uma relação binária, de valor verdadeiro ou falso –, para se tornar o dispositivo infocomunicacional – com suas relações imanentes, potencialmente desdobráveis ao infinito, com fronteiras sobrepostas e mutuamente interferentes, e o pertencimento mensurável em graus. O recurso a ferramentas e linguagens matemáticas e tecnológicas, como a lógica fuzzy e a web semântica, possibilitaram a consecução prática deste tipo de abordagem, que foi aplicada empiricamente no domínio da canção popular brasileira. Este domínio complexo, dotado de uma linguagem própria (a linguagem da canção) permitiu verificar a insuficiência das abordagens tradicionais, baseadas em metadados ou métodos colaborativos de classificação e mostrou-se adequado ao permitir uma abordagem multidimensional do conhecimento, considerando-o não como produto encerrado em si, mas enfatizando seu caráter dinâmico enquanto processo cuja construção é de natureza social e histórica. / Contemporary science has been faced with the need of new approaches, able to overcome the constraints resulting from the traditional scientific thought of cartesian inspiration and that postulates: the clear and unambiguous separation of objects in the world; the possibility of division of the hole into smaller parts; the problem solving from the smaller parts; the guarantee of full recovery of the totality from the connection of the parties. Theories of complex thinking has been developed as alternatives to this simplifying model in order to show its limitations and offer approach methods compatible with this new paradigm. This research investigates the basis for the conception of an knowledge organization systems capable of dealing with complex domains, identifying the foundation of its formulation in authors as comte de Buffon and Ranganathan. The overcoming of dichotomies and of the teleological notion of knowledge is investigated from a semiotic approach, based on symbolic representation of knowledge, from Ernst Cassirer works, and based on the use of the notion of boundaries, by Gilles Deleuze, and of dispositif, by Michel Foucault. The complex method proposed by Edgar Morin is the methodological approach for the application of tensive schematism proposed by Viggo Brøndal. The formulation of an organization knowledge system able to address complex domains is based on a double displacement: the first one consist in the recognition of the primacy of recovery in relation to the representation in organizational systems of knowledge, hypothesis advocated since the 1950s by researchers as Jesse Shera and later by Brian Vickery. The second displacement concerns to the basic unit of treatable knowledge, that is no longer the notion of concept – hierarchical, dichotomous, with its well defined boundaries and which belonging is reduced to a binary relationship, of true or false value - to become the infocommunicational dispositif – with its immanent relations, potentially roll away to infinity, with overlapping and mutually interfering boundaries and with its belonging measurable in degrees. The use of mathematical and technological tools and languages, such as fuzzy logic and the semantic web, enabled the practical achievement of this approach, which was empirically applied in the domain of Brazilian popular songs. This complex domain, endowed with its own language (the song’s language) has shown the inadequacy of traditional approaches based on metadata or collaborative classification methods and revealed to be successful by allowing a multi-dimensional approach of knowledge, considering it not as a finished product in itself, but emphasizing its dynamic character as process which the construction is of social and historical nature.

A dissertação, Institucionalização da Educação Especial para a Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual em Caxias do Sul: Configurações Pedagógicas nas décadas de 1970-1980, foi suscitada a partir do questionamento “Quais configurações pedagógicas possibilitaram a institucionalização da Educação Especial, para a pessoa com deficiência intelectual, no município de Caxias do Sul, nas décadas de 1970 e 1980”, e teve como objetivo problematizar a institucionalização da Educação Especial, para a pessoa com deficiência intelectual, possibilitadas pelas configurações pedagógicas, produzidas nesse município, nas décadas referidas. A posição teórica assumida nesta pesquisa foi a de um olhar genealógico, utilizando conceitos foucaultianos, para a leitura e análise de alguns documentos. Os documentos estudados foram Atas, Planos de Aula, Entrevistas, Fotos, Jornais, Correspondências, Regimentos, Relatórios de Seções da Câmara de Vereadores de Caxias do Sul e Pareceres. A análise consistiu em ler os documentos em posição genealógica, permitindo um olhar produzido no interior das relações de poder dos sujeitos; um sujeito atravessado por diversos discursos, produtor de discursos. Os documentos foram pesquisados na APAE- Caxias do Sul, na Escola Especial Estadual João Prataviera, no Arquivo Histórico Municipal João S. Adami, no Acervo Histórico virtual da Câmara de Vereadores de Caxias do Sul, em entrevistas realizadas com professoras que atuaram no período histórico da pesquisa. Dividida em três capítulos, esta pesquisa apresenta, no primeiro capítulo, a posição teórica usada para analisar as configurações pedagógicas que possibilitaram uma Educação Especial no município de Caxias do Sul, bem como para explicar os conceitos em voga neste estudo, principalmente o conceito de dispositivo, por ser um conceito central para responder ao problema de pesquisa, e por situar a produção discursiva científica historicamente estabelecida, nos fins do século XIX, no Ocidente. O segundo capítulo busca contextualizar o momento histórico, abordando os saberes valorados no município de Caxias do Sul, bem como a conceitualização de deficiência intelectual e a emergência de instituições de educação especial nesse município nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, introduzindo o dispositivo normoseador como uma operabilidade específica das configurações pedagógicas da Educação Especial, no período analisado. No terceiro capítulo, será apresentada a análise documental cujo foco é um ensino profissionalizante para a pessoa com deficiência intelectual no interior das instituições de Educação Especial estudadas, situando esse ensino profissionalizante como existente desde a década de 1930, no Brasil. Nessa pesquisa foi possível observar as configurações pedagógicas produzidas pela Educação Especial atuando no nível de potencializar os corpos, numa busca por normosear esses corpos em espaços abrigados, operando por meio de um dispositivo normoseador. A institucionalização, nesse caso, entendida como legitimações instituídas por meio de tecnologias, em que a própria prática dessas tecnologias possibilita e aprimora seu próprio funcionamento como um conjunto de saberes – que denominei como configurações – vão mostrar as configurações pedagógicas produzidas, especificamente, para uma Educação Especial, normoseando os sujeitos considerados deficientes para torná-los produtivos para o trabalho, operando um dispositivo normoseador, emergente na instância da promoção e prevenção da ordem social, da enfermidade infantil, da anomalia infantil, da marginalização das pessoas com deficiência intelectual. / The research, Institucionalização da Educação Especial para a Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual em Caxias do Sul: Configurações Pedagógicas nas décadas de 1970-1980 (Institutionalization of Special Education for People with Intellectual Disabilities in Caxias do Sul: Pedagogical Configurations in the 1970s and 1980s, arose from the question What pedagogical aspects enabled the institutionalization of Special Education for people with intellectual disabilities, in Caxias do Sul, in the 1970s and 1980s, and aimed to discuss the institutionalization of Special Education for the person with intellectual disabilities, made possible by educational proposals, made in this city, in those decades. The theoretical position taken in this research was a genealogical view, using concepts by Foucault to the reading and analysis of the documents. The documents studied were Minutes, Lesson Plans, Interviews, Photos, Newspapers, Mailing, Rules of Procedure, Session of the City Council of Caxias do Sul Reports and Class reports. The analysis consisted of reading the documents in a genealogical position allowing a view produced by the subjects within the relations of power, a subject crossed by several discourses, yet discourse producer. The documents were found in APAE-Caxias do Sul, State Special School João Prataviera, Municipal Historical Archive João S. Adami, virtual Historical Collection of the City Council of Caxias do Sul, and there were also interviews with teachers who worked in the period of the research. Divided into three chapters, this research will present, in the first chapter, the theoretical position used to analyze the pedagogical configuration that allowed Special Education in Caxias do Sul, as well as explain the concepts in this research, especially the concept of dispositif as a core concept to answer the research problem, and will locate the scientific discursive production historically established in the late nineteenth century, in the West; in the second chapter there will be a contextualization of the historical moment, approaching the appreciated knowledge in Caxias do Sul, as well as the conceptualization of intellectual disability and the emergence of special educational institutions, in this city, in the 1970s and 1980s, introducing the normalization dispositif as an operation mode specific of the pedagogical configuration of the Special Education in the analyzed period; the third chapter will present the documental analysis, whose focus is vocational education for people with intellectual disabilities within the institutions of Special Education, situating this professional education, as existing since the 1930s in Brazil. In this research it was possible to observe the pedagogical configuration produced by Special Education acting at the level of empower the bodies, in search of normalizing these bodies in supported places working through a normalization dispositif. The institutionalization, in this case, understood as the legitimation imposed by technology, where the actual practice of these technologies, enables and enhances its own set of knowledge configuration, which I named as configurations, will show educational configurations produced specifically for Special Education, normalizing subjects considered to be deficient to make them productive for work, operating a normalization dispositif, emerging in the instance of promotion and prevention of social order, the child disease, child anomaly, the marginalization of people with intellectual disabilities. !! !

Partindo da hipótese de que a população de rua, tal como é concebida hoje, não existiu desde sempre, o objetivo deste trabalho é interrogar parcialmente os jogos de relações que definem este fenômeno enquanto uma questão social. Isto através de três perspectivas fundamentais: sua constituição histórica, sua contestação política e sua regulação institucional. Para tal, utilizo-me do conceito foucaultiano de dispositivo, de modo a tratar esta realidade como efeito de correlações dinâmicas entre agentes, discursos e instituições, estrategicamente situadas no centro da cidade de São Paulo. No primeiro capítulo, busco, através de trajetórias entrecruzadas de atores diretamente envolvidos com o tema, traçar a trama de uma história capaz de expor o nascimento da população de rua como questão social, bem como delinear seu campo de aparição. No segundo capítulo, através de uma cadeia de cinco mobilizações sociais, apresento rituais políticos capazes de exporem as dimensões públicas e conflituosas do fenômeno, assim como o campo de forças em que este se situa, dando especial destaque para os modos no qual o Movimento Nacional da População de Rua (MNPR) elabora um discurso sobre si frente a outras alteridades políticas. No terceiro e último capítulo, apresento a população de rua como um problema de gestão e segurança, descrevendo alguns componentes da rede de atendimento e proteção deste contingente, destacando a importância do albergue nesta composição, e problematizando etnograficamente os usos destes equipamentos institucionais. Entende-se, neste trabalho, que a definição do fenômeno população de rua é um objeto provisório, foco de múltiplos agenciamentos urbanos, e cujo contorno constitui-se como o alvo privilegiado dos questionamentos que o presente estudo busca interrogar. / This study works from the hypothesis that the homeless population (população de rua) of São Paulo, today considered a problem in terms of its growth and control, has not always been considered in these terms. The study seeks, therefore, to interrogate the sets of relations that define this phenomenon as a social question. This approach is developed through three central perspectives: the historical formation of this population, the political conflicts that surround it and its institutional regulation. To this end, the Foucaultian concept of dispositif is considered as a way of treating this reality as the consequence of dynamic correlations between agents, discourses and institutions, strategically situated in the centre of the city of São Paulo. In chapter one, the history of the appearance of the homeless population as a social question is explored through a series of intertwined trajectories of individuals and organizations directly involved with this issue. In chapter 2, through the analysis of a sequence of five political protests, the study explores the ways in which political rituals expose the public and conflictive dimensions of this phenomenon, as well as the political context in which it is situated, with particular emphasis on the ways in which the National Movement of the Homeless Population (Movimento Nacional da População de Rua) elaborates its discourse in dialogue with other political entities. In the third and last chapter of this study, the homeless population is considered as a management and security problem. This chapter describes some of the components of the network of assistance and protection services offered to the homeless, highlighting among these the importance of the hostel, and exploring, from an ethnographic perspective, the uses of these institutional services. This study considers the definition of the phenomenon of homelessness as a provisional object, the focus of a multitude of urban agencies whose configurations represent the field of reference that this study seeks to explore.

Au cours du XXème siècle, les domaines autrefois distincts de la communication, de l'information et du divertissement ont peu à peu convergé, sous l'influence de la numérisation des données, du développement d'infrastructures en réseau et de la généralisation du recours à des terminaux dont la caractéristique commune est d'être munis d’écrans. L'écran est donc au centre des bouleversements qui affectent notre rapport au monde puisqu'il est devenu l'intermédiaire essentiel dans un nombre croissant d’interactions humaines, au sein de la « société de l'écran » et même au-delà. En effet, en participant activement à rendre la « fracture numérique » manifeste, l'écran joue un rôle aussi bien par sa présence que par son absence, et la généralisation de son utilisation semble même être une étape cruciale pour concrétiser le projet du « village global ». Par ailleurs, le terme écran étant entendu à la fois comme un ensemble de dispositifs – récepteur de télévision, ordinateur, tablette, téléphone – et comme hyperonyme pour chacun d'entre-eux pris individuellement, il nous paraît nécessaire de nous inscrire dans une démarche transdisciplinaire pour pouvoir appréhender le phénomène écranique dans toute sa complexité. Ainsi, après avoir traité de l'aspect terminologique et des racines culturelles de l'écran, nous nous pencherons sur l'analyse des multiples représentations de l'écran pour pouvoir alimenter une réflexion autour du futur de l'écran, des formes qu'il pourrait prendre dans un avenir proche et de leur impact sur nos interactions. En menant une étude autour de l'invention de l’écran et en mettant à jour ses propriétés spécifiques, nous souhaitons contribuer à définir la place qu'il occupe dans la culture globale. Notre ambition, en élaborant une taxinomie des écrans, est de permettre de mieux connaître la variété des écrans et la « culture de l’écran », afin de disposer des outils nécessaires à une meilleure compréhension des évolutions de nos modes de communication. / During the XXth century, communication, information and entertainment fields converged, under the influence of data digitalisation, network infrastructure development and widespread use of terminal whose common characteristic is to be fitted with screens. It is a fact that might be well observed: screens are everywhere in our everyday life, in public spaces and private areas since at least a few decades, and it generates different reactions, as fear or enthusiasm. In making the "digital divide" manifests, the screen plays a role not only by his presence but although through its absence, and its generalization even seems to be a crucial step to achieve the "global village" project. So it can't be an overstatement arguing that the screen has become a social topic. As a matter of fact, screen's presence is remarquable in at least two different ways. First of all, it is part of our lives in a technical and practical way cause it now frames most of our interactions. Also it has spread to our lives as it has become a very fashionable key word in the discourse about communication crisis. The use of the screen word not only increases during all the last century, but in addition its semantic field has become more complex. Sometimes it is refering to a set of devices, sometimes to an hypernym for each of them. Considering these elements, this research aimed to analyse these different aspects of the screen, first through the help of linguistic tools, then with picture analysis, in order to reflect about the future of the screen. When does the screen has been invented? What are its characteristics? These are the questions we will try to answer, so as to define the part played by the screen in culture. The aim of this study is to elaborate a screen taxonomy, to enlight our knowledge about the diversity of screens and offer a documented definition of the “screen culture” topic, in order to improve our knowledge of the changes that affect the communication field.