Esta dissertação abordará alguns dos conceitos necessários para uma pré-compreensão sobre o contrato no direito brasileiro após a recepção da função social do contrato na cláusula geral do art. 421 do Código Civil. Serão confrontadas as idéias de tipicidade e individualidade no contrato, a partir do que se questionará a teoria empregada como base para a redação do artigo referido e a idéia de unidade do direito contratual brasileiro. / This paper aims at presenting some of the concepts necessary for a pre-comprehension regarding the contract in Brazilian law after the reception of the social function of the contract in general clause of 421 Article from the civil code. Vagueness doctrine and individuality will be confronted, from what will be questioned in the theory employed as basis for the writing of the 421 article from the civil code as well as the unity in Contract Law.

Esta dissertação abordará alguns dos conceitos necessários para uma pré-compreensão sobre o contrato no direito brasileiro após a recepção da função social do contrato na cláusula geral do art. 421 do Código Civil. Serão confrontadas as idéias de tipicidade e individualidade no contrato, a partir do que se questionará a teoria empregada como base para a redação do artigo referido e a idéia de unidade do direito contratual brasileiro. / This paper aims at presenting some of the concepts necessary for a pre-comprehension regarding the contract in Brazilian law after the reception of the social function of the contract in general clause of 421 Article from the civil code. Vagueness doctrine and individuality will be confronted, from what will be questioned in the theory employed as basis for the writing of the 421 article from the civil code as well as the unity in Contract Law.

A pesquisa em documentos elaborados por católicos sob o influxo da doutrina social teve por objetivo reconhecer as ações desses atores sociais no mundo do trabalho no Brasil. Considerando que a influência do pensamento católico no Brasil foi muito expressiva para a formação da consciência social; que vários católicos do laicato participaram de cargos na administração pública e, também, participaram da elaboração de leis quando eleitos para cargos de representação legislativa; que vários empresários geriram suas empresas baseado nas orientações da doutrina social, buscamos analisar nessas ações as contribuições dessa doutrina para o mundo do trabalho. / The search in documents elaborated by catholic agents influenced by the social doctrine (revista A Ordem) has the following purpose: recognized in these catholic actors their contribution to the world of work in Brazil. Considering that the thought catholic had actually influenced the social consciousness formation; that various catholic laity members participated of the Brazilians public administration, as also, like a members of the Parliament; that various entrepreneurs managed yours business under the social doctrine guidance, we intended analyze in these actions the contribution to the world of work.

Bien qu’en théorie étrangère à notre modèle juridique, la notion de précédent n’est plus un tabou pour lesacteurs juridictionnels qui osent enfin « parler » d’une pratique jusqu’alors restée officieuse, voire hérétique dans notre tradition juridique. Attentifs à la réception et au respect de leurs décisions, les juges suprêmes français ont relancé la réflexion autour du précédent. S’inscrivant dans un questionnement global sur la fonction de juger, le recours au précédent exprime une certaine représentation de l’art de juger. Dès lors, il convient de s’interroger sur les raisons qui conduisent les juges suprêmes français à y faire référence en dépit des interdits historiques et théoriques. Manifestation de la mémoire du juge, la référence au précédent est inhérente à la fonction de juger ce qui explique que le juge y ait recours. Ancré dans son passé et acteur de son temps, le juge peut alors affirmer son propre pouvoir et s’arracher à la représentation traditionnelle de son office. En convoquant son précédent, le juge convoque sa loi source de son propre pouvoir, lui permettant en retour de s’imposer comme un être conscient de lui-même et de son pouvoir normatif. / Although foreign to our legal model, the rule of precedent is no longer a taboo for judicial actors who finally dare to speak of a practice hitherto remained unofficial and even heretical in our legal tradition. Attentive to the reception and respect for their decisions, the French supreme judges have revived the debate around the precedent. As part of a global questioning of the judicial function, use of precedent expresses a certain representation of the art of judging. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the reasons that lead French supreme judges to refer to their precedent in spite of the historical and theoretical prohibited. Judge’s memory manifestation, the reference to the precedent is inherent in the judicial function which explains that the judge would resort. Rooted in its past and actor of his present, the judge can assert his own power and break away from the traditional representation of his office. By calling its precedent, the judge summoned the source of his power law, enabling it in turn to establish itself as a conscious being of himself and of its normative power.

La criminalité féminine est marginale, atypique et paradoxale dans l'Hérault comme au niveau national. Marginale car la femme ne correspond qu'à un sixième des accusés. L'Hérault ne fait pas exception avec ses quinze pour cent d'accusés de sexe féminin. Atypique par rapport aux crimes supposés féminins. Bien que certains crimes semblent plus spécifiquement féminins car ils sont liés à la maternité et à la conjugalité, la participation des femmes à tous les autres crimes permet de relativiser le concept de criminalité féminine. Dans l'Hérault, bien que relativement absente de la criminalité, la femme est surreprésentée en matière d'infanticide, d'avortement et d'empoisonnement. Toutefois, sa participation aux atteintes contre la propriété (vol) et à certaines atteintes contre les personnes (coups et blessures, etc.) nuance l'existence d'une criminalité spécifiquement féminine. Il en résulte que la criminalité féminine est paradoxale, parce que les « faibles » femmes supposées incapables de commettre des crimes violents (leur rôle social les protégeant) accomplissent cependant les crimes qui comptent parmi les plus atroces. La contradiction réside aussi dans l'indulgence des sanctions réservées aux femmes auteurs de ces crimes. Il est difficile d'admettre que chaque sexe aurait des prédispositions pour commettre tel ou tel crime. La criminalité est davantage le résultat de facteurs criminogènes qui dépendent de circonstances sociologiques, économiques, psychiques et biologiques, communs aux deux sexes. / Women's criminality keeps marginal, atypic, and paradoxical, in the department of Herault as on a national level. « Marginal » because women only squares with five sixths of the accused. Herault is not an exception ,with its fifteen per cent of female accused. « Atypic » in relation to the supposed female crimes..Although some crimes seem more specifically feminine because they are linked with motherhood and conjugal life, the women's contribution to any other crime allow the concept of « women's criminality » to be softened. In Herault,even though the woman is rather absent from criminality, she is over-represented concerning child murder, abortion, or poisoning. However, her contribution to breaches against properties ( robberies), and to people ( assault and battery) moderates the existence of a specific female criminality. So the outcome is that female criminality is « paradoxical » because « weak » women, meant unable to commit violent crimes (their social part protect them from killing), commit the crimes which are ranked among the most abominable. The contradiction consists in the leniency of the punishments against women who have committed such crimes too. It is difficult to admit that each sex would have propensity to such or such a crime. Criminality is more the result of factors which depend on sociological, economical, psychic and biological circumstances, common to both sexs.

The subject of this project is to develop an information system for recording study achievements of primary and secondary school students with an online access for their parents. In the first part, the author focuses on a survey of current supply of similar applications already on the market and their properties, with a priority look at the way how they are provided. In the second part the author drafts and develops a new and simple information system, which can compete with other rough applications. Emphasis is given to the simplicity of the application as well as its usage. This application is designed to be provided as 'Software as a service' and therefore is easy to employ.

Cette recherche se propose d’apporter une contribution à la théorie de l’interprétation jurisprudentielle. La réflexion s’inscrit dans une perspective de théorie du droit, conçue en ou-verture disciplinaire et en perspective internationale. L’approche consiste à mettre en dialogue droit du travail et théorie du droit. Le droit du travail est pris comme champ d’observation du phénomène de l’interprétation jurisprudentielle. Le point de départ de la réflexion est le « problème » de l’interprétation jurisprudentielle, tel qu’il a été placé sur l’avant-scène du droit du travail il y a quelques années. A partir des dis-cours qui ont été tenus lors de cette controverse, l’auteur se propose d’examiner la conception monologique du droit dont sont porteurs certains discours. Cet examen le conduit à explorer les théories de l’interprétation et de l’argumentation juridiques (et non juridiques), afin de caractériser les contours d’un modèle d’interprétation jurisprudentiel contemporain. La perspective communicationnelle est, à ce titre, investie. L’auteur rend compte de son étude de l’ensemble des rapports et conclusion de magistrats dans le champ du droit du travail. Ces discours constituent le corpus à partir duquel sa construction s’élabore. Cette exploration des discours judiciaires le conduit à mettre en relief les interactions à travers lesquelles se réalise et s’origine l’interprétation jurisprudentielle. Sous cet angle, c’est la constitution dialogique du sens qui se trouve caractérisée, c’est-à-dire le fait que l’interprétation jurisprudentielle se réalise sur le mode « dialogique » et que le sens naît de l’interaction. Ce n’est pas simplement l’idée d’un dialogue « externe » entre jurisprudence et doctrine qui est pris pour objet. C’est aussi, et surtout, le dialogue « interne » qui se réalise sur le mode de l’interdiscours. A ce titre, le dialogisme, notion issue des travaux de Bakhtine (ou du Cercle de Bakhtine), est approfondi, conceptualisé. Cette notion, qui réfère à la double orientation du discours vers des discours antérieurs se rapportant au même objet ainsi que vers des discours à venir, donc vers l’aval et l’amont de la production discursive, est instituée au cœur de la théorie de l’interprétation jurisprudentielle. L’approche retenue par l’auteur tend à montrer que le dialogisme est un concept qui emporte avec lui une conception du sens, du langage, et une vision du monde. La contribution essentielle de cette recherche consiste en la mise en lumière du potentiel heu-ristique du dialogisme pour appréhender la manière dont se réalise l’interprétation jurispru-dentielle. Au terme de sa réflexion, l’auteur souligne la valeur paradigmatique du dialogisme. Cette recherche se présente comme un chemin qui conduit à la rencontre inattendue du droit et dialogisme. Une rencontre heuristique. / The aim of this research is to bring a contribution to the theory of the interpretation of legal precedents. The reflection is made in perspective of law theory, taken both as disciplinary spectrum widening and international perspective. The guideline is to make employment law and law theory talk and converse. Employment law is taken as an observation field of the phenomena of the interpretation of legal precedents. The starting line of the reflection is the “issue” of the interpretation of legal precedents, as it was put forward in employment law a few years ago. Starting from the speeches that were made during this controversy, the author proposes to examine the monological conception of law that some speeches carry. This study leads him to explore theories of legal (and non-legal) interpretation and arguing, in order to characterize the outline of a contemporary model of interpretation of legal precedents. In order to do so, the communicational perspective will be studied. The author gives the reader an account of his study of all reports and conclusions of magistrates within the field of employment law. These speeches make the corpus upon which his research is built. This exploration of the judicial speeches leads him to stress the interactions from which the interpretation of the legal precedents is originated and built. From that angle, it is the dialogical constitution of the sense that is characterized, i. e. the fact that the interpretation of the legal precedents is made on a dialogical mode and that sense comes from interaction. It is not only the idea of an « external » talk between legal precedents and doctrine that is studied. It is also, and, most of all, the “internal” talk that is made on the mode of the “interspeech”. From that point point of view, dialogism, which is a notion coming from Bakhtin’s (or Bakhtin’ Circle) works, is deeply studied and conceptualised. This notion, referring to the double orientation of a speech, both towards precedent speeches on the same subject, and towards speeches to come, thus towards upstream and downstream the discursive production, is established at the core of the theory of the interpretation of legal precedents. The approach chosen by the author tends to show that dialogism is a concept that carries a conception of sense, of language and a vision of the world. The main contribution of this research is the lightening of the heuristical potential of dialogism in order to comprehend the way the interpretation of legal precedents is made. At the end of his reflection, the author stresses the paradigmatical value of dialogism. This research appears to be a path leading to the unexpected meeting of law and dialogism. A heuristical meeting.

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This master's thesis focuses on the design and development of a web application to support the automation of law firm processes using pre-programmed tasks, the design of which is created using the UWE methodology. At the same time, it describes the implementation of the extension into the Synopsis II information system, used to manage the above-mentioned tasks. The thesis also deals with the deployment of this software solution to the production server of SynopsIS Technologies a.s.

The work is deal with the education of Catholic social teaching on church schools. At first author mentions general elements of Catholic social doctrine, the next describes various aspects of this learning in more details. He uses method, when he proceeds from general to specific. Author attends to the philosophical and theological context of Catholic social doctrine, its formation of the Popes encyclical and application of this doctrine to the national conditions, especially in the Czech Republic in the end. The main part of the work is research on education of Catholic social teaching in secondary church schools of the Czech Republic. The author wonders in it, whether the Catholic social teaching is taught in secondary church schools, eventually at what level. The result of research author finally considers to impulse for further work on its introduction into the teaching curriculum of these schools.