This thesis is concentrated on the research of recent state of the czech highways. The main aim of this work is to find out the reason of mistaken behaviour of the drivers in traffic. During analyzing further details I concerned myself on four basic factors: the influence of the environment, the influence of the car, what the man does while he is driving and the influence of the man himself on his operating. This work also includes the research of the driver as an individua together with external environment which affects him during the journey. The analysis of the influence of each factor was marked out as a field research on the way with the driver whereas were emphasised his transgressions, his sanity and the influence of the environment on himself. Especially monitoring which leaded to the observation of activities of the man in following aspects: respecting the speed limit, the traffic signs and other highway codes, mental condition of the driver in critical situations. Also the influence of the environment on the man was an important point in this work. Were chosen three segments which negatively affects the man ? the driver and there were proposed solutions to reduce them. The influence of the driver himself was characterized in following part. The analytic part summarizes obtained information from measuring and from the observation which are specified in the experimental part. In final part of this work are emphased any recommendations for fractional parts of the traffic which should lead to the improvement of the system thereby to the improvement of the recent state of this issue.

The master´s thesis describes the design of the remote control, which is used as accessories for motor circuit-breaker. The work is based on the concept of control realized in the bachelor´s thesis. Master’s thesis contains a literature review of management method stepper motors with integrated circuits. standards relating to the control and switching low voltage devices were rehearsed. It was compiled schema of an entire unit after designing optimal control section of a stepper motor with integrated circuits, which consists of four parts (power supply, power section for driving an coils of stepper motor, control section and section for driving external devices). Design and realization of PCB are based on compiled schema, PCB was mounted with components and final PCB was recovered. The last part of thesis is about verification a functionality with using measurement of a prototype parameters.

Recent trends in mobile broadband indicates that the available radio frequency (RF) spectrum will not be enough to support the data requirements of the immediate future. Visible light communication, which uses visible spectrum to transmit wirelessly could be a potential solution to the RF ’Spectrum Crunch’. Thus there is growing interest all over the world in this domain with support from both academia and industry. Visible light communication( VLC) systems make use of light emitting diodes (LEDs), which are semiconductor light sources to transmit information. A number of demonstrators at different data capacity and link distances has been reported in this area. One of the key problems holding this technology from taking off is the unavailability of power efficient, miniature LED drive schemes. Reported demonstrators, mostly using either off the shelf components or arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs) to drive the LEDs have only started to address this problem by adopting integrated drivers designed for driving lighting installations for communications. The voltage regulator based drive schemes provide high power efficiency (> 90 %) but it is difficult to realise the fast switching required to achieve the Mbps or Gbps data rates needed for modern wireless communication devices. In this work, we are exploiting CMOS technology to realise an integrated LED driver for VLC. Instead of using conventional drive schemes (digital to analogue converter (DAC) + power amplifier or voltage regulators), we realised a current steering DAC based LED driver operating at high currents and sampling rates whilst maintaining power efficiency. Compared to a commercial AWG or discrete LED driver, circuit realised utilisng complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has resulted in area reduction (29mm2). We realised for the first time a multi-channel CMOS LED driver capable of operating up to a 500 MHz sample rate at an output current of 255 mA per channel and > 70% power efficiency. We were able to demonstrate the flexibility of the driver by employing it to realise VLC links using micro LEDs and commercial LEDs. Data rates up to 1 Gbps were achieved using this system employing a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) scheme. We also demonstrated the wavelength division multiplexing ability of the driver using a red/green/blue commercial LED. The first integrated digital to light converter (DLC), where depending on the input code, a proportional number of LEDs are turned ON, realising a data converter in the optical domain, is also an output from this research. In addition, we propose a differential optical drive scheme where two output branches of a current DAC are used to drive two LEDs achieving higher link performance and power efficiency compared to single LED drive.

Submitted by Tássia Nascimento (tassiasampaio@gmail.com) on 2017-07-03T20:10:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação TASSIA 23.5.17.pdf: 2818145 bytes, checksum: 127e7694d4f0fc31b7e89f7d72de532f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-31T13:42:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação TASSIA 23.5.17.pdf: 2818145 bytes, checksum: 127e7694d4f0fc31b7e89f7d72de532f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-31T13:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação TASSIA 23.5.17.pdf: 2818145 bytes, checksum: 127e7694d4f0fc31b7e89f7d72de532f (MD5) / FAPESB / A pesquisa analisa o fenômeno da precarização social do trabalho do motorista de ônibus rodoviário urbano e as implicações para a saúde desses trabalhadores, na cidade de Salvador. Inicia com o debate sobre a precarização social do trabalho, o conceito de mobilidade urbana, a gestão do transporte público, convergindo para a configuração da organização do trabalho do motorista de ônibus. Os resultados indicam a existência de uma superposição de fatores que pressionam o cotidiano do trabalho implicando danos à saúde e risco à vida. Esses fatores vão desde a vibração e a temperatura do e no equipamento, a relação com o usuário, até assaltos, incêndios e agressões diversas. O estudo constata a relação entre o trabalho organizado de forma precária e o adoecimento do trabalhador, que vai desde o âmbito físico com doenças do sistema muscoesquelético até os transtornos mentais, colocando a categoria entre as que mais adoecem e morrem em decorrência do trabalho. / The research analyzes the phenomenon of the social precarization of the urban bus driver's work and the implications on the health of these workers in the city of Salvador. It begins the discussion with the concept of urban mobility and management of public transport, converging to the configuration of the work organization of the bus driver. The results indicate the existence of a superposition of factors that press the workers daily, implying damages to their health and even risk to life. These factors range from the levels of vibration and temperature of and in the equipment, to their relationship with the users, assaults, fires and other numerous aggressions. The study notes the relationship between precariously organized work and the worker's illness. The relation ranges from the physical environment causing diseases of the musculoskeletal system to mental disorders, placing the category among the most ill and with highest mortality as result of work.

Esta dissertação é resultado de uma pesquisa que objetivou descrever e analisar como se constitui a estratégia de inventar a vida de taxista no exercício do trabalho imaterial, considerando o medo característico da sociedade líquido-moderna. Para tanto, em termos teóricos e com o objetivo de sustentar a dissertação, trabalhou-se com conceitos de vida líquida, sociedade líquido-moderna, medo e estilo de vida apoiados especialmente em Bauman (1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007a, 2007b, 2008, 2009), Gaulejac (2007), Sennett (2012a), Giddens (2002), Deleuze (1992, 1998); de trabalho imaterial amparado em autores tais como Grisci (2008), Mansano (2009b), Gorz (2005), Lazzarato e Negri (2001). Foram entrevistados quinze taxistas, bem como um representante sindical e um instrutor do curso de formação profissional para taxistas. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas em diversos pontos da cidade de Porto Alegre. Foi feita observação participante no curso de formação profissional para taxistas totalizando quarenta e sete horas e trinta minutos de observação participante. Foi realizado um grupo focal com seis participantes do curso de formação profissional para taxistas. A análise dos dados foi realizada de maneira qualitativa e seguiu as orientações propostas por Minayo (2001). Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que os medos característicos do trabalho de taxista, tem relação com os medos da sociedade líquido-moderna, sendo relativos ao sustento próprio e de terceiros; à circulação pela cidade, e ao transporte de passageiros. Em relação a estratégia de inventar a vida de taxista, os resultados apontaram que ela está pautada em elementos de afirmação e negação. / This dissertation is the result from a research that aimed to describe and analyze the strategy to invent the life of taxi drivers in the exercise of immaterial work, considering the fear characteristics of liquid-modern society. In order to do so, the theoretical basis of the present dissertation the use the following concepts: liquid life, liquid-modern society, fear and lifestyle especially supported in Bauman (1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007a, 2007b, 2008, 2009), Gaulejac (2007), Sennett (2012a), Giddens (2002), Deleuze (1992, 1998); immaterial work supported in authors such as Grisci (2008), Mansano (2009b), Gorz (2005), Lazzarato and Negri (2001). The interviews were conducted with fifteen taxi drivers, one syndicate representative and one instructor from a professional training course for taxi drivers. The semi-structured interviews were conducted at various points in the city of Porto Alegre. A participant observation was also conducted in the professional training course for taxi drivers, summing up to forty-seven hours and thirty minutes of participant observation. Additionally, a focus group was carried with six participants from the taxi driver training course. The collected data were analyzed in a qualitative way following the guidelines proposed by Minayo (2001). The results indicated that the characteristic fear of taxi driver worker relates with fears of liquid-modern society, it is related to the support of themselves and others, driving in the city and the transport of passengers. About the strategy to invent the life of taxi driver, the results showed that it is guided by elements of affirmation and negation.

Invasive species are cited as a major threat to native community composition and biodiversity throughout the world. Some recent studies have focused on whether invasive species are the drivers or passengers of change in degraded systems. A strongly-interactive community is supposed to resist invasion by all but the most strong invasive competitors (`drivers') which can establish there without the aid of disturbance and actively reduce the abundance of natives. A weakly-interactive community, impaired by some anthropogenic disruption, is invasible by weaker exotics which are merely `passengers' of the habitat degradation that is more constraining to natives. Though competitive and disturbance-adapted species fit into this model, there is no correlate for species with superior toleration of stress. Systems with high degrees of natural abiotic stress are weakly-interactive and as a result may be invasible by an exotic `tolerator' in the same way that anthropogenically-weak systems are invasible by passengers. Dolomite prairie, differentiated from typic tallgrass prairie by its shallow soils, represents a relatively stressful system. A study of its plant community composition and relationships to environmental variables was done to get a better understanding of the natural abiotic drivers of composition. Compositional patterns were most closely associated with the soil depth gradient. Exotic Poa species were by far the most frequent invaders, a finding more typical of Great Lakes alvars than of typic tallgrass prairie of which the dolomite prairie is a subset. I hypothesized that Poa species dominated dolomite prairie via the tolerator model. In a series of removal treatments, I determined that Poa is neither a driver nor a tolerator, but a passenger of environmental degradation. My results suggest that historic anthropogenic degradation rather than specific competitive ability is a common explanation for exotic dominance on the landscape today. More empirical work needs to be conducted in other stressful (particularly relatively undisturbed) systems to further investigate the tolerator model.

One of the defining features of cancer is cell migration: the tendency of malignant cells to become motile and move significant distances through intervening tissue. This is a necessary precondition for metastasis, the ability of cancers to spread, which once underway permits more rapid growth and complicates effective treatment. In addition, the emergence and development of cancer is currently believed to be an evolutionary process, in which the emergence of cancerous cell lines and the subsequent appearance of resistant clones is driven by selection. In this thesis we develop minimal models of the relationship between motility, growth, and evolution of cancer cells. These should be simple enough to be easily understood and analysed, but remain realistic in their biologically relevant assumptions. We utilise simple simulations of a population of individual cells in space to examine how changes in mechanical properties of invasive cells and their surroundings can affect the speed of cell migration. We similarly examine how differences in the speed of migration can affect the growth of tumours. From this we conclude that cells with a higher elastic stiffness experience stronger resistance to their movement through tissue, but this resistance is limited by the elasticity of the surrounding tissue. We also find that the growth rate of large lesions depends weakly on the migration speed of escaping cells, and has stronger and more complex dependencies on the rates of other stochastic processes in the model, namely the rate at which cells transition to being motile and the reverse rate at which cells cease to be motile. To examine how the rates of growth and evolution of an ensemble of cancerous lesions depends on their geometry and underlying fitness landscape, we develop an analytical framework in which the spatial structure is coarse grained and the cancer treated as a continuously growing system with stochastic migration events. Both the fully stochastic realisations of the system and deterministic population transport approaches are studied. Both approaches conclude that the whole ensemble can undergo migration-driven exponential growth regardless of the dependence of size on time of individual lesions, and that the relationship between growth rate and rate of migration is determined by the geometrical constraints of individual lesions. We also find that linear fitness landscapes result in faster-than-exponential growth of the ensemble, and we can determine the expected number of driver mutations present in several important cases of the model. Finally, we study data from a clinical study of the effectiveness of a new low-dose combined chemotherapy. This enables us to test some important hypotheses about the growth rate of pancreatic cancers and the speed with which evolution occurs in reality. We test a moderately successful simple model of the observed growth curves, and use it to infer how frequently drug resistant mutants appear in this clinical trial. We conclude that the main shortcomings of the model are the difficulty of avoiding over-interpretation in the face of noise and small datasets. Despite this, we find that the frequency of resistant mutants is far too high to be explained without resorting to novel mechanisms of cross-resistance to multiple drugs. We outline some speculative explanations and attempt to provide possible experimental tests.

Os acidentes de trânsito são uma das principais causas de morte e invalidez no mundo inteiro, e projeções indicam que sua participação entre essas causas tende a aumentar no futuro. Estima-se que o fator humano contribua para a ocorrência de mais de 90% dos acidentes, e grande parte desta contribuição advém do comportamento. Nesta dissertação de mestrado, buscou-se identificar e caracterizar medidas de segurança de trânsito conforme sua influência em inibir o cometimento de infrações à legislação de trânsito por parte dos motoristas. Para tanto, foram conduzidas uma pesquisa qualitativa e uma pesquisa quantitativa. A pesquisa qualitativa, realizada através da técnica de Grupos Focados, foi utilizada para identificar as principais infrações de trânsito que contribuem para a ocorrência de acidentes, além de coletar subsídios para a elaboração da pesquisa quantitativa. Esta, por sua vez, consistiu na aplicação de um questionário auto-relatado a motoristas de automóvel da cidade de Porto Alegre. Como resultado, a pesquisa qualitativa indicou que as infrações que mais contribuem para os acidentes são a embriaguez, o excesso de velocidade e o avanço de sinal vermelho de semáforo. A pesquisa quantitativa permitiu concluir que as medidas de segurança de trânsito que mais influenciam os motoristas a não cometerem infrações de trânsito são aquelas relacionadas à restrição de direitos, como apreensão do veículo ou suspensão da habilitação, e à possibilidade de ser flagrado pelas autoridades. Por outro lado, as campanhas de conscientização na mídia demonstraram ser o tipo de medida com menor potencial para influenciar o comportamento dos motoristas. / Road traffic crashes are one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide, and it is believed that their share among these causes will grow in the future. The human factor contributes to over 90% of traffic crashes, and a great part of this contribution originates from human behaviour. This master’s thesis aimed to identify and characterize road safety measures according to their influence on driver behaviour, regarding the commitment of traffic offences. In order to do that, a qualitative and a quantitative survey were carried on. The qualitative survey was made with the Focus Group technique and was used to identify the traffic offences that contribute the most to road crashes, as well as to collect information to help preparing the quantitative survey. The last consisted in applying a self-reported questionnaire to automobile drivers from Porto Alegre, Brazil. As a result, the qualitative survey indicated that speeding, drunk driving and red light crossing are the traffic offences that contribute the most to road crashes. The quantitative survey allowed to conclude that the road safety measures with more influence on drivers, so they do not commit traffic offences, are those related to their rights restriction, like vehicle seizure or driver’s licence suspension, and to the possibility of being caught by authorities. On the other hand, road safety campaings on the media seemed to be the kind of measure with the smallest potential to influence driver behaviour.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:11:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barduco_rc_me_bauru.pdf: 5221405 bytes, checksum: 2064b4a8438ad31853cb8ae8279585d3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar os desconfortos e insatisfações dos motoristas de ônibus urbano, com a poltrona que trabalham. Para melhor realização do estudo, a presente pesquisa objetivou também conhecer informações pessoais dos motoristas, problemas de saúde que possam estar relacionados à profissão e à poltrona, e também questões diretamente ligadas à poltrona e ao posto de trabalho. Durante a revisão de literatura o presente trabalho fez um breve histórico do transporte coletivo na cidade de São Paulo e um comparativo de poltronas com países de primeiro mundo. Fez também uma análise das situações, comportamentos e o que ocorre com o corpo humano na posição sentada e também alguns apanhados de normas relacionadas à poltrona. Como pesquisa, o presente trabalho realizou um estudo de caso em 07 empresas na cidade de São Paulo, onde contou com uma pesquisa descritiva, sendo entrevistados 147 motoristas, totalizando uma média de 21 pesquisados por empresa. O estudo do caso permitiu conhecer as opiniões dos motoristas com relação à poltrona que trabalham. As empresas entrevistadas tinham perfis semelhantes, porém, com as mais diversificadas linhas de itinerário, variando desde a periferia, com ruas de pavimentações boas e ruins, ou em outros casos, linhas direcionadas para o centro da cidade com congestionamentos e problemas de superlotação nos ônibus e tinham como principal segmento de trabalho o ônibus urbano. Como principais resultados da pesquisa, pode-se ressaltar que 85,14% dos entrevistados apresentaram uma ou mais sugestões de melhoria para a poltrona; 56,76% disseram haver alguma dor que acreditavam ser por trabalharem sentados; 77,70% afirmaram que a poltrona faz transpirar muito, 52,03% reclamaram que o ato de sentar e levantar da poltrona é desconfortável. Por fim, concluiu-se que... / This paper aimed to reveal the discomfort and dissatisfactions or urban public transport drivers referring to their seats. The paper aimed as well knowing personal information about the bus drivers, health problems that might be related to the occupation and the seat, and also inquiries straightly related to the seat and the job station. During the literal revisal, this paper took effect a brief report of the public transport in São Paulo and a comparative degree of the seats in world power countries. It was also reported an analysis of the situations, behaviors and what happens to the human body in the sat position as well as some pattern résumés related to the seat. As the concept of research, this paper developed an examination in seven companies of São Paulo in which figured on a descriptive research whereas 147 bus drivers were interviewed coming down to an average of 21 researched per company. This examination allowed the acquirement of the bus drivers' opinions related to the seat they work in. The interviewed companies had similar profiles, however they had the most diversified itinerary lines, alternating from the suburbs enclosing paving streets in good and bad condition to lines routed to the town center enclosing traffic jam and overcrowding and had as main job section the public transport. As the main results on the research, it followed that 85.14% of the interviewed presented one or more improvement suggestions referred to the seats; 56.76% complained about pain by means of working sat down; 77.70% affirmed that the seat makes them sweat too much; 52,03% complained that the sitting down and standing up action is uncomfortable. At last, it followed that the dissatisfaction... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Os acidentes de trânsito são uma das principais causas de morte e invalidez no mundo inteiro, e projeções indicam que sua participação entre essas causas tende a aumentar no futuro. Estima-se que o fator humano contribua para a ocorrência de mais de 90% dos acidentes, e grande parte desta contribuição advém do comportamento. Nesta dissertação de mestrado, buscou-se identificar e caracterizar medidas de segurança de trânsito conforme sua influência em inibir o cometimento de infrações à legislação de trânsito por parte dos motoristas. Para tanto, foram conduzidas uma pesquisa qualitativa e uma pesquisa quantitativa. A pesquisa qualitativa, realizada através da técnica de Grupos Focados, foi utilizada para identificar as principais infrações de trânsito que contribuem para a ocorrência de acidentes, além de coletar subsídios para a elaboração da pesquisa quantitativa. Esta, por sua vez, consistiu na aplicação de um questionário auto-relatado a motoristas de automóvel da cidade de Porto Alegre. Como resultado, a pesquisa qualitativa indicou que as infrações que mais contribuem para os acidentes são a embriaguez, o excesso de velocidade e o avanço de sinal vermelho de semáforo. A pesquisa quantitativa permitiu concluir que as medidas de segurança de trânsito que mais influenciam os motoristas a não cometerem infrações de trânsito são aquelas relacionadas à restrição de direitos, como apreensão do veículo ou suspensão da habilitação, e à possibilidade de ser flagrado pelas autoridades. Por outro lado, as campanhas de conscientização na mídia demonstraram ser o tipo de medida com menor potencial para influenciar o comportamento dos motoristas. / Road traffic crashes are one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide, and it is believed that their share among these causes will grow in the future. The human factor contributes to over 90% of traffic crashes, and a great part of this contribution originates from human behaviour. This master’s thesis aimed to identify and characterize road safety measures according to their influence on driver behaviour, regarding the commitment of traffic offences. In order to do that, a qualitative and a quantitative survey were carried on. The qualitative survey was made with the Focus Group technique and was used to identify the traffic offences that contribute the most to road crashes, as well as to collect information to help preparing the quantitative survey. The last consisted in applying a self-reported questionnaire to automobile drivers from Porto Alegre, Brazil. As a result, the qualitative survey indicated that speeding, drunk driving and red light crossing are the traffic offences that contribute the most to road crashes. The quantitative survey allowed to conclude that the road safety measures with more influence on drivers, so they do not commit traffic offences, are those related to their rights restriction, like vehicle seizure or driver’s licence suspension, and to the possibility of being caught by authorities. On the other hand, road safety campaings on the media seemed to be the kind of measure with the smallest potential to influence driver behaviour.