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Ensaios não destrutivos são testes que não causam danos a estrutura ensaiada, o que os torna um excelente auxílio aos métodos de ensaios tradicionais quando estes apresentam alguma dificuldade de serem executados. Desta forma, este trabalho visa utilizar os ensaios de esclerometria e ultrassom, dando ênfase na transmissão indireta, para determinar a resistência à compressão nas primeiras idades do concreto e possibilitar um melhor controle tecnológico do material. Para se obter a relação entre os dados experimentais não destrutivos e a resistência à compressão, foram realizados ensaios em duas etapas. A primeira etapa foi desenvolvida em corpos de prova cilíndricos e prismáticos com três traços diferentes de concreto, onde foi variado o consumo de cimento. Na segunda etapa os ensaios foram realizados em uma laje alveolar produzida em laboratório. Com os dados coletados nos ensaios foi possível determinar a relação de crescimento da resistência, do índice esclerométrico e da velocidade do pulso ultrassônico ao longo do tempo, além das correlações velocidade x resistência, velocidade x índice esclerométrico; e a correlação múltipla entre os três fatores. Com base nisto, concluiu-se que é viável ter um bom controle tecnológico da resistência do concreto a partir dos ensaios não destrutivos. Este trabalho não obteve uma equação universal que correlacionasse os parâmetros para todos os tipos de traço de concreto, porém foram obtidas correlações satisfatórias para os traços ensaiados. Desta forma, é possível afirmar que o ensaio de ultrassom, especificamente posição indireta de 30 centímetros, e a esclerometria são ferramentas possíveis de serem aplicadas como auxílio à obtenção da resistência à compressão nas primeiras idades. / Non-destructive tests are tools that do not cause damage to the evaluated structure, which is an excellent support for traditional test methods. Therefore, this work used non-destructive tests such as rebound method and ultrasound, emphasizing the indirect transmission, to determine compression strength in the early age sand enable a better technological control of the material. Two-step tests were performed to see if there is a relationship between non-destructive test data and the compressive strength. The first one was performed in specimens with three different concrete compositions, where the cement ratio was varied, where as the second was carried out in a laboratory hollow core slab. With the experimental data was possible to determine the relationship of the compression strength, rebound number and ultrasonic pulse velocity over time; as the correlations strength x velocity, velocity x rebound number; and a multiple correlation between the three tests. Based on this, it was concluded that it is possible to have a good technological control of the concrete strength from non-destructive tests. A universal equation that correlates parameters for all types of concrete compositions was not found, but satisfactory correlations were obtained for the tested concretes. In this way, it is possible to affirm that the ultrasound test, specifically indirect position of 30 centimeters, and rebound method are possible tools to be applied as aid to obtain the compression strength in the early ages.

Continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) is a portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement structure with a continuous longitudinal steel layout. CRCP is forming a major portion of PCC roadway systems in the state of Texas due to its low life cycle cost, ease of maintenance, and durable nature. While the overall performance of CRCP is proven to be excellent, some performance problems are still found as a form of distresses such as punchout and spalling. The current pavement design guide states that these distresses are closely related with the early-age behavior characteristics of CRCP, and various measures are underway to develop to improve the long-term performance of CRCP in terms of initial material design and use, structural design, and quality control. Understanding the current issues that pavement engineers and researchers face, the primary objective of this dissertation research focuses on sound understanding of the early-age structural behavior characteristics of CRCP and its effect on the long-term performance to provide reliable design and analysis criteria for CRCP. To achieve this main objective, characterizing the early-age structural response in CRCP was a core task of this study. For this purpose, a zero-stress temperature (ZST), one of the design and construction variables considered to have most significant effects on CRCP behavior and performance, was evaluated. As a beginning point of the entire framework, a series of field experiments were conducted in four new PCC pavement construction projects in the state of Texas to evaluate the actual structural response in early-age CRCP since a laboratory experiment would have a critical limitation in simulating the restraint conditions that exist in actual CRCP. To expand this core task to various parametric categories, a computer-aided parametric simulation was performed using valid numerical models. Based on data sets obtained from the parametric investigation, a statistical model to quantify the early-age structural response of CRCP was proposed to implement in codes of practice and pavement design guides. A secondary task was to identify a correlation between the early-age structural response and the long-term performance of CRCP structures. Since the experimental and analytical investigations tended to provide quite localized information for the time-dependent behavior of CRCP, the overall performance of CRCP could not be properly identified solely based on those results. To overcome this limitation, extensive field condition surveys were performed in seven different old CRCP sections with known material and early-age temperature history to find the implications of early-age behavior characteristics on the long-term performance of CRCP from a macroscopic point of view. It is expected that this research effort will provide pavement engineers and researchers with useful information to understand the actual time-dependent behavior of CRCP and a solid foundation to improve the sustainability of CRCP structures. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T15:00:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2912303 bytes, checksum: 1801a9b29f733961e785f9de516a1e30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Oil well structures are built by placing a steel casing and by cementing the space (annulus) between the casing and rock formations throughout the geological layers of wellbores. The structural integrity of these systems resides on the cementing operation, which is designed to offer structural support as well as corrosion protection of the casing. It also promotes zonal isolation among rock formations throughout the wellbore, which not only helps to avoid losses in production, but also reduces potential environmental damage due to leakage of contaminated fluids. In order to achieve these objectives, a hydraulic seal between the casing and the cement and between the cement and the rock formations must be ensured, so that fluid channels in the cement sheath can be prevented. Although oil and gas companies have always been aspiring for perfect zonal isolation, the scope of existing zonal-isolation problems is enormous. Hence, a great number of researchers have been motivated to study and predict lost of zonal isolation, helping to reduce the magnitude of such complex problem. Most research focus on the improvement of the cement properties whereas least effort is given to interface related aspects. This is mostly given to the fact that such important zone is difficult to assess. Such difficulties are mainly associated to inherent anisotropies of Portland cement based materials. Interface related aspects of the cement hydration are strongly affected by the local chemistry of the components of the matrix. The effect of such complex microstructure on the engineering parameters must be carefully examined, so that evaluation of the structure integrity can be properly made via Non Destructive Testings. The aim of this work is to correlate the mechanical properties (destructive and non-destructive) with the microhardness of cement paste at early ages. The samples were cast using Early Strength Development Portland cement and three water to binder ratio (0.33, 0.44 and 0.55 by mass). Also, two sets of cement pastes were mixed with and without a ground redbrick waste pozzolan replacing cement (20% by mass). The test ages were 1, 3 and 7 days. The micro features of the early hydrated cement pastes were assessed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (Backscattered Electron Imaging Mode) and Vickers Microhardness. The data shows that the presence of the pozzolan affects the distribution of hydrated cement grains and the homogeneity of the cement matrix, yielding to different microfeatures, reflecting on the mechanical properties. The local chemistry prevails over the average properties of the cement paste, especially at the contact between steel and cement. / As estruturas de poços de petróleo são constituídas por tubulações metálicas revestidas com material cimentício as quais atravessam diversas formações geológicas. A integridade estrutural destes sistemas depende principalmente da integridade do material revestimento, que tem como funções oferecer suporte estrutural à tubulação metálica, além de protegê-la contra corrosão. Tal revestimento é ainda responsável por isolar as diferentes formações geológicas existentes ao longo do poço, objetivando não apenas evitar perdas na produção, mas também reduzir potenciais danos ambientais devidos a vazamentos de fluidos contaminantes. De modo a atingir estes objetivos, um perfeito isolamento hidráulico deve ser garantido tanto entre a tubulação metálica e o revestimento cimentício quanto entre este revestimento e as formações rochosas, de maneira que a migração de fluidos possa ser evitada. Embora as companhias de gás e petróleo venham buscando a obtenção de um perfeito isolamento hidráulico, a freqüência de ocorrência destes problemas é enorme em todo o mundo. Deste modo, grande número de pesquisas tem se voltado ao estudo e entendimento das causas associadas à quebra deste isolamento hidráulico, ajudando a reduzir a magnitude de tão complexo problema. A maioria destas pesquisas objetiva o aprimoramento das propriedades do revestimento propriamente dito, enquanto que um número bastante reduzido está associado a aspectos relacionados às interfaces destes sistemas. Tal particularidade deve-se em grande parte ao fato de que tão importante região possui grandes dificuldades de avaliação. Tais dificuldades estão associadas principalmente às anisotropias inerentes aos materiais à base de cimento Portland. Aspectos da interface relacionados à hidratação do cimento são fortemente afetados pela química local dos componentes da matriz cimentícia. O efeito desta complexa microestrutura nas propriedades de engenharia das estruturas deve ser cuidadosamente examinado, podendo a avaliação da de sua integridade ser apropriadamente efetuada mediante Testes Não Destrutivos. O objetivo deste trabalho é correlacionar propriedades mecânicas (obtidas mediante técnicas destrutivas e não-destrutivas) com a microdureza de pastas de cimento em pequenas idades. As amostras ensaiadas foram confeccionadas utilizando cimento Portland de Alta Resistência Inicial e três relações água/aglomerante (0.33, 0.44 e 0.55 em massa). Dois conjuntos de amostras foram preparados: com e sem substituição parcial do cimento (20% em massa) por pozolana constituída de resíduos de cerâmica vermelha moídos. As idades avaliadas foram 1, 3 e 7 dias. As características microestruturais e micromecânicas das pastas de cimento hidratadas foram acessadas mediante técnicas de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (no modo retroespalhado) e Microdureza Vickers. Os resultados mostram que a presença da pozolana afeta a distribuição dos grãos de cimento hidratados e a homogeneidade da matriz cimentícia, modificando suas características microestruturais, refletindo nas propriedades mecânicas. A química local prevaleceu sobre as propriedades medias da pasta de cimento, especialmente no contato entre o cimento e a superfície metálica.

Ensaios não destrutivos são testes que não causam danos a estrutura ensaiada, o que os torna um excelente auxílio aos métodos de ensaios tradicionais quando estes apresentam alguma dificuldade de serem executados. Desta forma, este trabalho visa utilizar os ensaios de esclerometria e ultrassom, dando ênfase na transmissão indireta, para determinar a resistência à compressão nas primeiras idades do concreto e possibilitar um melhor controle tecnológico do material. Para se obter a relação entre os dados experimentais não destrutivos e a resistência à compressão, foram realizados ensaios em duas etapas. A primeira etapa foi desenvolvida em corpos de prova cilíndricos e prismáticos com três traços diferentes de concreto, onde foi variado o consumo de cimento. Na segunda etapa os ensaios foram realizados em uma laje alveolar produzida em laboratório. Com os dados coletados nos ensaios foi possível determinar a relação de crescimento da resistência, do índice esclerométrico e da velocidade do pulso ultrassônico ao longo do tempo, além das correlações velocidade x resistência, velocidade x índice esclerométrico; e a correlação múltipla entre os três fatores. Com base nisto, concluiu-se que é viável ter um bom controle tecnológico da resistência do concreto a partir dos ensaios não destrutivos. Este trabalho não obteve uma equação universal que correlacionasse os parâmetros para todos os tipos de traço de concreto, porém foram obtidas correlações satisfatórias para os traços ensaiados. Desta forma, é possível afirmar que o ensaio de ultrassom, especificamente posição indireta de 30 centímetros, e a esclerometria são ferramentas possíveis de serem aplicadas como auxílio à obtenção da resistência à compressão nas primeiras idades. / Non-destructive tests are tools that do not cause damage to the evaluated structure, which is an excellent support for traditional test methods. Therefore, this work used non-destructive tests such as rebound method and ultrasound, emphasizing the indirect transmission, to determine compression strength in the early age sand enable a better technological control of the material. Two-step tests were performed to see if there is a relationship between non-destructive test data and the compressive strength. The first one was performed in specimens with three different concrete compositions, where the cement ratio was varied, where as the second was carried out in a laboratory hollow core slab. With the experimental data was possible to determine the relationship of the compression strength, rebound number and ultrasonic pulse velocity over time; as the correlations strength x velocity, velocity x rebound number; and a multiple correlation between the three tests. Based on this, it was concluded that it is possible to have a good technological control of the concrete strength from non-destructive tests. A universal equation that correlates parameters for all types of concrete compositions was not found, but satisfactory correlations were obtained for the tested concretes. In this way, it is possible to affirm that the ultrasound test, specifically indirect position of 30 centimeters, and rebound method are possible tools to be applied as aid to obtain the compression strength in the early ages.

La prédiction précise du comportement à long et court terme des structures en béton dans le domaine nucléaire est essentielle pour assurer des performances optimales (intégrité, capacité de confinement) pendant leur durée de vie. Dans le cas particulier des structures massives en béton, la chaleur produite au jeune âge par les processus d'hydratation ne peut pas s’évacuer rapidement, si bien que des températures élevées peuvent être atteintes et les gradients de température qui en résultent peuvent conduire à la fissuration, en fonction des conditions aux limites et contraintes internes auxquelles ces structures sont soumises. Les objectifs de cette étude sont (1) d'effectuer des simulations numériques afin de décrire et prédire le comportement thermo-chimio-mécanique au jeune âge d'une structure massive en béton dédiée au stockage de déchets en surface, et (2) de développer et appliquer des outils de changement d'échelle pour estimer rigoureusement, à partir de la composition du matériau, les propriétés physiques du béton nécessaires à une analyse au jeune âge. Une étude chimio-thermique visant à déterminer l'influence de la convection, du rayonnement solaire, du re-rayonnement et de la chaleur d'hydratation sur la réponse thermique de la structure est tout d’abord menée. Des recommandations pratiques concernant les températures de bétonnage sont fournies afin de limiter la température maximale atteinte au sein de la structure. Ensuite, au moyen d'une analyse mécanique, des stratégies de modélisation simplifiées et plus complexes (prenant en compte l’endommagement couplé au fluage) sont mises en œuvre pour évaluer des scénarios intégrant différentes conditions aux limites issues de l'analyse chimio-thermique précédente. Dans un second temps, une étude prenant en compte le caractère multi-échelle du béton est réalisée. Un modèle simplifié de cinétique d'hydratation du ciment est proposé. Les évolutions des fractions volumiques des différentes phases au niveau de la pâte de ciment peuvent être alors estimées. Par la suite des outils d’homogénéisation analytiques et numériques développés dans un cadre vieillissant sont présentés et appliqués pour estimer les propriétés mécaniques et thermiques des matériaux cimentaires. Les données d’entrée utilisées dans l'analyse structurelle sont finalement comparées avec les estimations obtenues dans l'analyse multiéchelle. Pour conclure, la stratégie proposée dans cette thèse vise à prédire le comportement des structures massives en béton à partir de la composition du béton au moyen d'une approche séquentielle: le comportement du béton est estimé via les outils de changement d’échelle, fournissant ainsi les données d'entrée pour l'analyse phénoménologique à l’échelle de la structure. / The accurate prediction of the long and short-term behaviour of concrete structures in the nuclear domain is essential to ensure optimal performances (integrity, containment roperties) during their service life. In the particular case of massive concrete structures, at early age the heat produced by hydration reactions cannot be evacuated fast enough so that high temperatures may be reached and the resulting gradients of temperature might lead to cracking according to the external and internal restraints to which the structures are subjected. The goals of this study are (1) to perform numerical simulations in order to describe and predict the thermo-chemo-mechanical behaviour at early-age of a massive concrete structure devoted to nuclear waste disposal on surface, and (2) to develop and apply upscaling tools to estimate rigorously the key properties of concrete needed in an early-age analysis from the composition of the material. Firstly, a chemo-thermal analysis aims at determining the influence of convection, solar radiation, reradiation and hydration heat on the thermal response of the structure. Practical recommendations regarding concreting temperatures are provided in order to limit the maximum temperature reached within the structure. Then, by means of a mechanical analysis, simplified and more complex (i.e. accounting for coupled creep and damage) modelling strategies are used to assess scenarios involving different boundary conditions defined from the previous chemo-thermal analysis. Secondly, a study accounting for the multiscale character of concrete is performed. A simplified model of cement hydration kinetics is proposed. The evolution of the different phases at the cement paste level can be estimated. Then, analytical and numerical tools to upscale the ageing properties are presented and applied to estimate the mechanical and thermal properties of cementbased materials. Finally, the input data used in the structural analysis are compared with the estimations obtained in the multiscale analysis. To conclude, the entire strategy proposed in this thesis aims at predicting the behaviour of massive concrete structures from the composition of the concrete by means of a sequenced approach: concrete behaviour is estimated using the upscaling tools, providing then the input data to the phenomenological analysis at the structure level.

Aggressive behavior of young children has always existed. In kindergarten, teachers and children will encounter the consequences frequently. However, not all teachers have enough experience and knowledge to deal with children’s aggressive behavior. Children’s aggressive behavior will not only affect the teacher’s curriculum, the relationship between teachers and children, but also the relationship between children. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to provide teachers with interventions that can help young children reduce aggressive behavior while improving peer interaction. ERIC and PsycINFO were used to search peer-reviewed articles since these two databases have articles related to my topic, and data collecting and analyzing were conducted in March and April 2020. By including five relevant articles and summarizing and analyzing the contents of these five articles, it is concluded that there are two types of interventions in kindergartens to reduce children's aggressive behavior while improving their peer interaction. One type includes a method for the social story, which is a short, simple story written from a child’s perspective to provide guidance for appropriate social behavior for children with autism. The other intervention type teaches social skills. The advantage of this systematic review is that it is very practical for teachers because four of the five articles have an effect on aggressive behavior and/or peer interaction This paper analyzes relationships of children's aggressive behavior and does not include other elements such as children's language ability. In conclusion, teachers need to choose appropriate interventions, because some interventions cannot achieve the effect of reducing aggressive behavior and increasing peer interaction at the same time. / 幼儿的攻击行为一直都存在。在幼儿园时，由于教室里有不止一个的幼儿，教师更是会频繁的遇见这一情况，然而并不是所有的教师都有足够的经验和知识来应对幼儿的这一行为。幼儿的攻击行为不仅会影响教师的课程，教师与幼儿的关系，还会影响幼儿之间的关系。因此本文献综述的目的是给教师提供能帮助幼儿降低攻击行为的同时提高同伴互动的干预计划。ERIC和PsycINFO用于搜索同行评审的文章因包含最多与本篇论文主题相关的文献，并在3月和4月进行了数据收集和分析。通过纳入五篇相关文献并对这五篇文献内容的总结与分析得出教师在幼儿园中有不同的方法来减少儿童的攻击行为，促进他们的同伴互动。其中，干预分为两大类，一种是包括了社交故事的干预，另一种是教导学生社交技巧的干预，并且，社交故事的使用频率较高。但是，教师需要选择合适的干预，因为有些干预不能达到减少攻击性行为的同时增加同伴互动的效果。本片文献综述的优点是对于教师来说十分实用，而主要的不足点是只分析了幼儿的攻击行为与幼儿间的关系，并没有分析幼儿的语言能力等能够影响幼儿攻击行为的要素。

Master's thesis applies theme unknown landscape. The theoretical part is devoted to concept landscape, which is viewed from different perspectives in the work; from defining the landscape as a generic term through subjective perception to the possibility of its use as an imaginative space. The research part describes field research, which deals with issues of different interpretations of landscape perception by children of younger school age. Within the framework of the didactic part are presented the tasks in which the theme of an unknown country is reflected in various forms and are designed for art lessons in elementary schools. Finally practic part of my work comes out from theme unknown countryside and I try to express my own artistic expression. KEYWORDS Imagination, spatial concepts, space, unknown landscape, field research, children of younger school age, creative activity

Betong är ett av våra idag absolut viktigaste och vanligaste byggnadsmaterial. Betong har väldigt låg draghållfasthet och på grund av detta spricker betongkonstruktioner oftast. Att helt förhindra att betong spricker är svårt och ofta kostsamt istället ställs krav för hur vida sprickorna får vara. Sprickviddsbegränsning görs genom att konstruktionerna armeras. Detta examensarbete granskar uppkomsten av sprickor i ung betong (ålder lägre än 28 dygn) som orsakas av förhindrad rörelse. Rörelser som förhindras kallas för tvång. När betongkonstruktioner utsätts för tvång uppstår spänningar i betongen. Dessa spänningar kan leda till sprickor. Tvångsfallet som studerats är när en ny betongvägg gjuts mot en platta av betong som redan uppnått dimensionerad hållfasthet. Examensarbetet fokuserar på tvångsspänningar som uppstår på grund av den värmeutveckling som sker när betong hårdnar samt uttorkningen som sker efter formrivning. I arbetet har 3D modeller i FE-programmet Atena arbetats fram. Dessa modeller simulerar fuktutvecklingen, värmeutvecklingen och avkylningen som sker under betongens hårdnande. De beräknar även de spänningar och sprickor som uppstår på grund av tvånget som uppstår mellan den nygjutna väggen och den befintliga plattan. Det finns sedan tidigare arbeten som studerat dessa fenomen men de har enbart modellerats som 2D problem. Ett antal fall med olika randvillkor har upprättats för att jämföras och nå en sprickbild som stämmer med verkligheten. Att begränsa sprickvidder är viktigt eftersom de påverkar betongens hållfasthet och livslängd. Hur breda sprickor blir är extra viktigt i täta konstruktioner, som exempelvis vattenmagasin. Vida sprickor leder till läckage, försämrad hållfasthet och livslängd. Rapporten tar upp regler från Eurokod gällande hur täta konstruktioner ska konstrueras. En handberäkningsmall för beräkning av sprickvidder orsakade av tvång har skapats. Denna mall har baserats på Eurokods regelverk. Då Eurokod saknar metod för att beräkna värmeutveckling har detta gjorts separat i FE-programmet ConTeSt R&D, som är utvecklat för att specifikt beräkna värme i ett 2D-tvärsnitt. Syftet med arbetet är att ta fram en fungerande metod för att modellera uppkomsten av sprickbildning orsakad av tvångsspänningar. Resultaten från FE-modelleringen ska jämföras med de resultat som fås från handberäkningar enligt eurokodmetoden. Rapporten visar att det är möjligt att simulera en förväntad utveckling i spänningar och sprickor, men åstadkommer ingen generell modell då rapportens lösningen är fallspecifik. Eftersom vi enbart nått fallspecifika lösningar och inga generella metoder har det inte gått att göra någon jämförelse mellan handberäkningar och sprickmodellering i Atena. / Concrete is one of the most important and common building materials today. Concrete has very low tensile strength and because of this some amount of cracking is to be expected. Completely preventing cracking in concrete is complicated and costly. This report examines cracks in concrete caused by restraint. When the natural movement in a construction is restrained this will cause stress. This stress might lead to cracking. This report examines cracks that appear in concrete that has yet to reach its full tensile strength. The case that is being studied is that of a new wall that is cast on a slab that has reached full maturity. The report focuses on stresses that appear because of the heat production during hardening, as well as the drying that occurs after the cast is removed. For this purpose 3D models in the finite element software application Atena have been developed. These models simulate the heat and moisture development as well as the cooling that will occur during the hardening of the concrete. These models are also used to simulate the stress and cracking that will occur because of the relationship between the newly cast wall and the slab in place. Studies have previously been published based on this subject, but only in a 2D context where the shrinkage is applied as a boundary condition. A number of cases with varying boundary conditions have been compared in order to reach a crack pattern that corresponds to actual behavior. Reducing crack widths is important as they affect the strength as well as the lifetime of the concrete. The width of cracks that appear is even more important in constructions that need to be impermeable, for example water containers. Wide cracks are a cause of leakage, as well as reduced strength and longevity. The study looks at rules from Eurocode for designing impermeable structures. A template for calculating crack widths has been produced. This template is based on the Eurocode rule set. Since Eurocode is lacking any formulas to calculate heat development this has been done in the FE-software ConTeSt R&D, which is specifically designed to calculate heat development in a 2D section. The purpose of the study is to achieve a working model for the simulation of crack widths due to restraint. These results are to be compared to the results of the Eurocode calculations. The study shows that we are able to simulate an expected development in stresses and cracks, but does not result in a general model as the solution becomes specific to the case. As we have only achieved case specific solutions and no general method we have been unable to compare modelled results with manually calculated results.

This study investigates the tensile behavior of anchor pull-out tests from super early age concrete(less than 12h) by finite element(FE) software ANSYS Workbench. In previous experiment, several series of pull-out tests were finished and analyzed. In each per hour, different speeds(1mm/s, 0.2mm/s, 0.1mm/s and 0.833mm/s) were evaluated, getting the results about correlation of pull-out force and displacement(F-D curve). It is difficult to evaluate the specific development of tensile strength in super young concrete, due to the super plasticity that makes itself soft and unstable. The first step of this study is to collect relevant empirical formula, theoretical varying material properties with time and pull-out force of experimental applied anchors. Comparison of simulation analysis results and empirical formulas determines whether the establishment of the finite element model and adapted constitutive model of known natural hardened concrete(NHC) are valid or not. The second procedure is that the material properties of NHC are replaced by different age values and modified until getting the same simulation results as experiment outcome. The propose of this paper is to investigate a more accurate modified formula to describe the development of tensile behavior in super early age concrete:1. Introduction 2. Background 2.1 Modes of failure 2.2 A new failure mode 2.3 Finite Element Numerical Simulation 3. Research Questions 4. Aims/Objectives of the Research 5. Proposed Research Method 5.1 Previous Empirical theory 5.1.1 Cubic Compressive strength of Early Age Concrete 5.1.2 Tensile Strength of Early Age Concrete 5.1.3 Modulus of Elasticity in Early Age Concrete 5.1.4 Prediction of pull-out maximum force to headed studs from concrete 5.2 Pervious Experiment 5.3 Numerical Simulation 6. Significance/Contribution to the Discipline 7. Experiment Program 7.1 Experiment Setup 7.2 Experiment Result 8. Numerical simulation and analysis 8.1 Material Properties 8.2 Modelling Setup 8.3 The first pull-out test 8.4 Comparison Results at different stages 9. Discussion and Results 10. Summary and Conclusion 11. Recommendation for future studies 12. References 13. Appendix