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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

[en] DOWN SYNDROME: FROM THE EARLY INTERVENTION OF THE INFANT TO THE EARLY FAMILY WELCOME / [pt] SÍNDROME DE DOWN: DA ESTIMULAÇÃO PRECOCE DO BEBÊ AO ACOLHIMENTO PRECOCE DA FAMÍLIA

FERNANDA TRAVASSOS RODRIGUEZ 11 April 2007 (has links)
[pt] O nascimento de um bebê com síndrome de Down, sem diagnóstico prénatal, configura um momento potencialmente traumático para seus pais. Este acontecimento intervém no exercício da parentalidade, sobretudo quando esta se inaugura neste contexto. Investigamos a importância do preparo das equipes de saúde em lidar com esta experiência e, assim, propiciar a emergência do apego e dos vínculos entre o bebê e os pais. Para tal empreendimento estudamos as relações pais-bebê pelo prisma de diversas teorias, iniciando com a teoria do apego de John Bowlby, passando pelo eu-pele de Didier Anzieu e finalizando com Freud, Winnicott e Bion. Abordamos, ainda, o tema da construção da parentalidade com o bebê portador da síndrome de Down e as suas especificidades: o luto pelo bebê ideal, o narcisimo ferido dos pais e as vicissitudes do trauma. Exploramos o dispositivo de estimulação precoce e introduzimos possíveis contribuições do campo da psicanálise e da psicoterapia da relação pais-bebê. Pesquisamos este universo através de um estudo de campo, realizando entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pais e profissionais da área. Das análises do discurso dos sujeitos, cinco categorias emergiram: o momento da notícia, o luto, a formação dos laços afetivos, a síndrome de Down e a estimulação precoce. Estas categorias foram discutidas em profundidade, a partir dos capítulos teóricos. Constatamos que os profissionais dos centros obstétricos que comunicam aos pais o diagnóstico do filho e os terapeutas quando realizam a estimulação precoce do bebê, em geral, não consideram os aspectos relacionais entre os membros do conjunto pais-bebê-profissionais como parte do próprio trabalho, e isto, além de gerar diversos impasses nas maternidade e nos centros de estimulação precoce, não contribui para a elaboração do luto pelo bebê ideal por parte dos pais, nem para o acionamento do potencial maturativo do bebê e do seu advento como sujeito. Inovamos, ao propor, então, um deslocamento da estimulação precoce do bebê ao acolhimento precoce da família. / [en] The birth of a child with Down syndrome without a prenatal diagnosis configures a potentially traumatic moment for parents. This event affects the exercise of parenthood, especially when the later is inaugurated in this context. We researched the importance of the preparation of health teams in dealing with this experience and, therefore, in fostering attachment and bonds between infant and parents. For such project, we studied the parents-baby relationships trough the prism of several theories, starting with John Bowlby´s attachment theory, passing trough the skin ego from Didier Anzieu and finalizing with Freud, Winnicott and Bion. We approached also the theme of the parenthood construction with a baby with Down syndrome and its specificities: the mourning for the ideal baby, the parents´ hurt narcissism and the trauma vicissitudes. We explored the early intervention device and introduced possible contributions from the psychoanalysis field and from the infant-parent psychotherapy. We researched this universe through a field study, performing semi-structured interviews with parents and professionals from this sector. From the analysis of the speeches of these subjects five categories were raised: the moment of breaking the news, the mourning, the formation of affective bonds, the Down syndrome and the early intervention. These categories were discussed in depth at the theory chapters. We noted that the professionals from obstetrician centers that communicate the child diagnosis to the parents and the therapists when performing early intervention in the baby, in general, do not consider the relationships aspects of the parent-infant-professionals group as part of their own work, and this situation, besides generating several roadblocks at the maternity centers and at the early intervention centers, do not contribute to the elaboration of the parents´ mourning of the ideal baby, as well as to driving the maturational potential of the infant and its advent as subject. We innovated, when proposing a displacement of the early intervention of the infant to the early family welcome.
132

Fatores de risco no desenvolvimento da linguagem de crianças menores de dois anos atendidas em serviço especializado / Risk factors in language development of children under two years of age at a specialized service

Henrique, Camila Zorzetto Carniel 19 December 2017 (has links)
Estudo exploratório, transversal que objetivou identificar os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento associados às alterações de linguagem em crianças aos 18 meses acompanhadas em um serviço especializado de um município paulista. Participaram crianças atendidas no Serviço de Estimulação Precoce entre 01 de janeiro de 2013 e 31 de dezembro de 2015. Os dados foram obtidos através dos prontuários do serviço. As variáveis estudadas foram: peso ao nascer, idade gestacional, índice de Apgar, ocorrências clínicas (pré-natal, parto e pós-parto) e anomalias congênitas. Na fase descritiva, caracterizou-se os participantes, a partir das variáveis de interesse, sendo calculadas frequências e porcentagens das variáveis. Na fase analítica, buscou-se associações entre a variável dependente (atraso no desenvolvimento) e as demais variáveis, utilizou-se ainda modelos de regressão logística multinomial para estimar a chance de ocorrência das variáveis categóricas. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (CAAE 61587916.0.0000.5393; Ofício CEP-EERP-USP nº373/2016), após anuência da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Nos três anos elencados para o estudo observou-se que 78 prontuários (56,9%) eram de crianças que deram entrada no serviço no ano de 2013, 49 (35,8%) em 2014, e 10 (7,3%) no ano de 2015. A maioria das crianças era do sexo masculino, com nascimentos distribuídos em sua maioria, entre os hospitais 1 e 2 e grande parte foi identificada com mais de um risco ao nascimento. A média da idade materna foi de 28 anos, com registros que indicavam, em sua maioria, mais de uma intercorrência durante a gestação, parto e pós-parto. Após a caracterização inicial das variáveis, as crianças foram divididas em três grupos: G1 - detectadas com atrasos no desenvolvimento da linguagem, encaminhadas para terapia fonoaudiológica aos 18 meses; G2 - crianças que passaram pelo retorno aos 18 meses e foram reagendadas para retorno aos dois anos, devido a dúvida quanto ao atraso ou não nas habilidades esperadas, recebendo alta neste; G3 - encaminhadas antes dos 18 meses para terapia, devido atraso significativo no desenvolvimento global. A partir dessa distribuição, buscou-se verificar associação entre os grupos e as variáveis mencionadas. O teste exato de Fisher indicou associação significante (p<0,001) entre os grupos em relação à variável anomalias congênitas. A análise de regressão logística indicou que crianças sem registros de intercorrências durante a gestação e no parto e nascimento, tiveram menores chances de evoluir com atrasos no desenvolvimento da linguagem. Aquelas nascidas prematuras apresentaram chance 8,51 vezes maior de terem, como desfecho, atraso na linguagem do que as crianças nascidas a termo e pós-termo. Crianças com valores de Apgar inferior a 4 no primeiro minuto e 7 no 5º minuto tiveram maior chance de apresentar atrasos; o baixo peso ao nascer também aumentou as chances deste desfecho. Os resultados deste estudo apontam para a necessidade da pronta detecção e encaminhamento precoce dessas crianças para serviços especializados, visando minimizar e/ou até evitar agravos futuros / This exploratory, cross-sectional study aimed at identifying the developmental risk factors associated with language changes in children at 18 months followed at a specialized service in a city of São Paulo. Participants were children attending the Early Stimulation Service between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015. Data were obtained from the service charts. The variables studied were birth weight, gestational age, Apgar score, clinical occurrences (prenatal, delivery and postpartum) and congenital anomalies. In the descriptive phase, the participants were characterized by the variables of interest, and the frequencies and percentages were calculated. In the analytical phase, we sought associations between the dependent variable (developmental delay) and the other variables, and multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the chance of occurrence of the categorical variables. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (CAAE 61587916.0.0000.5393; CEP-EERP-USP no. 373/2016), after consent of the Municipal Health Department. In the three years listed for the study, it was observed that 78 medical records (56.9%) belonged to the children who entered the service in 2013, 49 (35.8%) in 2014, and 10 (7.3%), in the year 2015. Most of the children were male, with births mostly distributed between hospitals 1 and 2, and most of them were identified as having more than one birth risk. The mean of maternal age was 28 years, with records indicating, for the most part, more than one intercurrence during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. After the initial characterization of the variables, children were divided into three groups: G1 - children who were detected with delays in language development, referred for speech therapy at 18 months. G2 was related to children who returned for appointment at 18 months of age, and were rescheduled for return with two years, due to doubts related to delay or due they had no expected abilities; those children received discharge at two years old; and G3 was for children who was referred before 18 months for therapy, due to significant delay in overall development. From this distribution, we sought to verify association between the groups and the mentioned variables. The Fisher exact test indicated a significant association (p<0.001) between the groups in relation to the variable congenital anomalies. Logistic regression analysis indicated that children with no records of intercurrences during gestation, delivery and childbirth were less likely to evolve with delays in language development. Those children born premature presented an 8.51 times greater chance of having, as an outcome, delay in language than children born at term and post-term. Children with Apgar values less than 4 in the first minute and 7 in the fifth minute had a greater chance of delays; low birth weight also increased the odds of this outcome. The results of this study point to the need for prompt detection and early referral of these children to specialized services, in order to minimize and / or avoid future disorders
133

Abordagem pragmática para estimulação da comunicação em crianças no espectro do autismo: uma proposta de intervenção parental / Pragmatic approach for communication stimulation for kids under diagnostic hypothesis of autism: a parental intervention proposal

Sousa, Camila Bolivar Vieira 10 December 2018 (has links)
Esse trabalho descreve uma pesquisa realizada com pais de crianças entre dois e cinco anos de idade que apresentavam hipótese diagnóstica de autismo (CID F 84, escala CARS acima de 30 ou critérios do DSM-5). O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a eficácia de um programa de intervenção com os pais dessas crianças. As análises partiram de oito encontros com as crianças e/ou seus pais para fins de avaliação, orientação teórica e intervenção prática. As sessões foram filmadas para análise qualitativa e quantitativa e os questionários de avaliação e reavaliação foram tabulados individualmente para tratamentos estatísticos visando a mensuração da eficácia do programa. Os seguintes instrumentos foram utilizados: Questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário \"Perfil de dificuldades comunicativas de cuidadores de crianças no espectro do autismo\" (Balestro, JI & Fernandes, FDM, 2012), Questionário APLSC \"Avaliação pragmática da linguagem e comunicação social\" (Fernandes, Hyter, Applegate, Vogindroukas, 2017), \"Teste PFC: Perfil Funcional da Comunicação\" (Fernandes, FDM, 2004), programa de intervenção parental e questionário de satisfação sobre o grupo de pais. Verificou-se que a intervenção parental desenvolvida foi efetiva e benéfica para o desenvolvimento sociocomunicativo das crianças em questão. Houve aproveitamento do programa realizado, confirmado a partir das mudanças significativas encontradas na diminuição das dificuldades comunicativas observadas pelos pais (p= 0,02) e também, das dificuldades de comunicação social sob a ótica dos pais (p=0,046). Os achados pragmáticos com relação ao percentual de interatividade, espaço comunicativo utilizado e número de atos comunicativos expressos também apresentaram mudanças estatisticamente relevantes (p > 0,05). Por fim, o questionário de satisfação aplicado apontou opiniões positivas dos pais referentes ao tipo de intervenção realizada. Com este trabalho foi possível sobretudo validar uma forma de intervenção parental, passível de ser replicada em contexto clínico, que busca transformar as relações pais -paciente - terapeuta de forma humanizada e ao mesmo embasada cientificamente / This work describes a research accomplished with parents of kids from two to five years old, presenting diagnostic hypothesis of autism (CID F84, CARS scale over 30, DSM-5 criteria). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of an intervention program for these children\'s parents. The analysis derived from eight encounters with the children and/or their parents in order to assess the child`s communication, followed by technical instruction and practical intervention. The sessions were filmed for qualitative and quantitative analysis and the assessment and reassessment questionnaires were separately registered on a spread-sheet for statistical treatment in order to measure the training program\'s efficiency. The following resources were used: Social Demographic Questionnaire, Questionnaire \"Comunicative difficulty profile from carers of children under autism spectre (Balestro, JI & Fernandes, FDM, 2012), Questionnaire LPSCE Language\'s pragmatic and social communication evaluation\" (Fernandes, Hyter, Applegate, Vogindroukas, 2017), CFP Test: Comunication Functional Profile (Fernandes, FDM, 2004), Parental Intervention Program and satisfaction questionnaire for the parent\'s group. It was verified that the developed parental intervention was effective and beneficial for the social and communicative development of those children. The program was wee succeed, confirmed by the significant changes found in the decrease in the communicative difficulties observed by the parents (p = 0.02) and also in the difficulties of social communication from the perspective of the parents (p = 0.046). The pragmatic findings regarding the percentage of interactivity, communicative space used and number of communicative acts expressed also showed statistically relevant changes (p > 0.05). Finally, the questionnaire of satisfaction applied pointed to positive opinions of the parents regarding the type of intervention performed. From this work, it was possible to validate a form of parental intervention, to be replicated in a clinical context, which seeks to transform the parent - patient - therapist relationship in a humanized and scientifically based manner
134

Benefícios da Terapia de Contensão Induzida em Lactentes utilizando protocolo muito modificado / Benefits of Induced Congestion Therapy in Infants using highly modified protocol

Correr, Mayara Thaís 25 April 2016 (has links)
Introdução: A hemiplegia ou hemiparesia é uma sequela decorrente de afecções cerebrais que resultam em limitações funcionais contralaterais ao hemisfério lesado. Esta afecção pode causar alterações de tônus, de coordenação e de equilíbrio podendo resultar em desuso do membro acometido e restrição na participação social de crianças. A Terapia de Movimento Induzido por Restrição (CIMT) é uma técnica que objetiva melhora na função motora dos membros superiores com consequente diminuição das limitações funcionais. Essa técnica possui três componentes fundamentais: treino intensivo de terapia orientada à tarefa, conjunto de métodos comportamentais e uso de restrição no membro superior não afetado pela hemiparesia. Objetivo: Partindo do princípio de que a terapia é mais eficiente quando iniciada em idade precoce, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar os efeitos do protocolo adaptado da CIMT em lactentes com hemiparesia ou assimetria de membros superiores. Método: Participaram do estudo 5 lactentes com idade entre 6 e 24 meses que apresentaram hemiparesia ou assimetria dos membros superiores. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar a função motora foram Pediatric Motor Activity Log (PMAL) e Avaliação da Função Manual (AMIGO). O Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI) foi aplicado aos cuidadores afim de avaliar a percepção dos mesmos sobre a participação funcional do lactente em tarefas de vida diária. Todas as avaliações ocorreram antes, imediatamente após a intervenção, e após 4 meses da aplicação do protocolo para registro de follow-up. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e por meio de análise utilizando o método Jacobson-Truax. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram aumento quantitativo e qualitativo na utilização do membro lesado, bem como, na função unimanual e bimanual. / Introduction: The hemiplegia or hemiparesis is a sequel caused by cerebral conditions resulting in contralateral functional limitations to the damaged hemisphere. Such conditions may cause tonus, coordination, and equilibrium alterations, which may result in disuse of committed limb and a restriction in social living of the affected infants. The Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a technique aiming the improvement of superior limb motor function and consequent decrease of functional limitations. This technique presents three fundamental components: task-oriented intensive training, a set of behavioral methods, and the use of restraining in the limb not affected by hemiplegia. Objective: Assuming that the therapy is more efficient when initiated in early years, the objective of this study is to investigate the effects of CIMT in nursing children presenting hemiparesis or superior limbs asymmetry. Method: Five infants with ages between 6 and 24 months presenting hemiparesis or superior limb asymmetry were selected. Pediatric Motor Activity Log (PMAL) and Avaliação da Função Manual (AMIGO) were used to evaluate the motor function. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) was filled by the caretakers to evaluate their perception about the functional participation of the infant on dairy tasks. All evaluations were performed prior, during, and after the CIMT. Additionally the infants were re-evaluated after 4 months of MIRT to keep the follow-up register. All data were analyzed descriptively and by analysis for Jacobson-Truax method. Results: The results present a quantitative and qualitative increase in the use of affected member, as well as in the unimanual and bimanual function.
135

Abordagem pragmática para estimulação da comunicação em crianças no espectro do autismo: uma proposta de intervenção parental / Pragmatic approach for communication stimulation for kids under diagnostic hypothesis of autism: a parental intervention proposal

Camila Bolivar Vieira Sousa 10 December 2018 (has links)
Esse trabalho descreve uma pesquisa realizada com pais de crianças entre dois e cinco anos de idade que apresentavam hipótese diagnóstica de autismo (CID F 84, escala CARS acima de 30 ou critérios do DSM-5). O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a eficácia de um programa de intervenção com os pais dessas crianças. As análises partiram de oito encontros com as crianças e/ou seus pais para fins de avaliação, orientação teórica e intervenção prática. As sessões foram filmadas para análise qualitativa e quantitativa e os questionários de avaliação e reavaliação foram tabulados individualmente para tratamentos estatísticos visando a mensuração da eficácia do programa. Os seguintes instrumentos foram utilizados: Questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário \"Perfil de dificuldades comunicativas de cuidadores de crianças no espectro do autismo\" (Balestro, JI & Fernandes, FDM, 2012), Questionário APLSC \"Avaliação pragmática da linguagem e comunicação social\" (Fernandes, Hyter, Applegate, Vogindroukas, 2017), \"Teste PFC: Perfil Funcional da Comunicação\" (Fernandes, FDM, 2004), programa de intervenção parental e questionário de satisfação sobre o grupo de pais. Verificou-se que a intervenção parental desenvolvida foi efetiva e benéfica para o desenvolvimento sociocomunicativo das crianças em questão. Houve aproveitamento do programa realizado, confirmado a partir das mudanças significativas encontradas na diminuição das dificuldades comunicativas observadas pelos pais (p= 0,02) e também, das dificuldades de comunicação social sob a ótica dos pais (p=0,046). Os achados pragmáticos com relação ao percentual de interatividade, espaço comunicativo utilizado e número de atos comunicativos expressos também apresentaram mudanças estatisticamente relevantes (p > 0,05). Por fim, o questionário de satisfação aplicado apontou opiniões positivas dos pais referentes ao tipo de intervenção realizada. Com este trabalho foi possível sobretudo validar uma forma de intervenção parental, passível de ser replicada em contexto clínico, que busca transformar as relações pais -paciente - terapeuta de forma humanizada e ao mesmo embasada cientificamente / This work describes a research accomplished with parents of kids from two to five years old, presenting diagnostic hypothesis of autism (CID F84, CARS scale over 30, DSM-5 criteria). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of an intervention program for these children\'s parents. The analysis derived from eight encounters with the children and/or their parents in order to assess the child`s communication, followed by technical instruction and practical intervention. The sessions were filmed for qualitative and quantitative analysis and the assessment and reassessment questionnaires were separately registered on a spread-sheet for statistical treatment in order to measure the training program\'s efficiency. The following resources were used: Social Demographic Questionnaire, Questionnaire \"Comunicative difficulty profile from carers of children under autism spectre (Balestro, JI & Fernandes, FDM, 2012), Questionnaire LPSCE Language\'s pragmatic and social communication evaluation\" (Fernandes, Hyter, Applegate, Vogindroukas, 2017), CFP Test: Comunication Functional Profile (Fernandes, FDM, 2004), Parental Intervention Program and satisfaction questionnaire for the parent\'s group. It was verified that the developed parental intervention was effective and beneficial for the social and communicative development of those children. The program was wee succeed, confirmed by the significant changes found in the decrease in the communicative difficulties observed by the parents (p = 0.02) and also in the difficulties of social communication from the perspective of the parents (p = 0.046). The pragmatic findings regarding the percentage of interactivity, communicative space used and number of communicative acts expressed also showed statistically relevant changes (p > 0.05). Finally, the questionnaire of satisfaction applied pointed to positive opinions of the parents regarding the type of intervention performed. From this work, it was possible to validate a form of parental intervention, to be replicated in a clinical context, which seeks to transform the parent - patient - therapist relationship in a humanized and scientifically based manner
136

Benefícios da Terapia de Contensão Induzida em Lactentes utilizando protocolo muito modificado / Benefits of Induced Congestion Therapy in Infants using highly modified protocol

Mayara Thaís Correr 25 April 2016 (has links)
Introdução: A hemiplegia ou hemiparesia é uma sequela decorrente de afecções cerebrais que resultam em limitações funcionais contralaterais ao hemisfério lesado. Esta afecção pode causar alterações de tônus, de coordenação e de equilíbrio podendo resultar em desuso do membro acometido e restrição na participação social de crianças. A Terapia de Movimento Induzido por Restrição (CIMT) é uma técnica que objetiva melhora na função motora dos membros superiores com consequente diminuição das limitações funcionais. Essa técnica possui três componentes fundamentais: treino intensivo de terapia orientada à tarefa, conjunto de métodos comportamentais e uso de restrição no membro superior não afetado pela hemiparesia. Objetivo: Partindo do princípio de que a terapia é mais eficiente quando iniciada em idade precoce, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar os efeitos do protocolo adaptado da CIMT em lactentes com hemiparesia ou assimetria de membros superiores. Método: Participaram do estudo 5 lactentes com idade entre 6 e 24 meses que apresentaram hemiparesia ou assimetria dos membros superiores. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar a função motora foram Pediatric Motor Activity Log (PMAL) e Avaliação da Função Manual (AMIGO). O Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI) foi aplicado aos cuidadores afim de avaliar a percepção dos mesmos sobre a participação funcional do lactente em tarefas de vida diária. Todas as avaliações ocorreram antes, imediatamente após a intervenção, e após 4 meses da aplicação do protocolo para registro de follow-up. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e por meio de análise utilizando o método Jacobson-Truax. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram aumento quantitativo e qualitativo na utilização do membro lesado, bem como, na função unimanual e bimanual. / Introduction: The hemiplegia or hemiparesis is a sequel caused by cerebral conditions resulting in contralateral functional limitations to the damaged hemisphere. Such conditions may cause tonus, coordination, and equilibrium alterations, which may result in disuse of committed limb and a restriction in social living of the affected infants. The Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a technique aiming the improvement of superior limb motor function and consequent decrease of functional limitations. This technique presents three fundamental components: task-oriented intensive training, a set of behavioral methods, and the use of restraining in the limb not affected by hemiplegia. Objective: Assuming that the therapy is more efficient when initiated in early years, the objective of this study is to investigate the effects of CIMT in nursing children presenting hemiparesis or superior limbs asymmetry. Method: Five infants with ages between 6 and 24 months presenting hemiparesis or superior limb asymmetry were selected. Pediatric Motor Activity Log (PMAL) and Avaliação da Função Manual (AMIGO) were used to evaluate the motor function. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) was filled by the caretakers to evaluate their perception about the functional participation of the infant on dairy tasks. All evaluations were performed prior, during, and after the CIMT. Additionally the infants were re-evaluated after 4 months of MIRT to keep the follow-up register. All data were analyzed descriptively and by analysis for Jacobson-Truax method. Results: The results present a quantitative and qualitative increase in the use of affected member, as well as in the unimanual and bimanual function.
137

Bridge Program Participants' Satisfaction, Retention, Grade Point Average, and Credits Earned

Palmer, Chip 01 January 2017 (has links)
An increasing number of first-generation college students enroll in college each year. However, according to national statistics, as many as 900,000 first-generation college students drop out each year. Colleges have developed summer bridge programs to help first-generation students succeed; participants have shown an increase in grade point average (GPA) and retention. There is limited research focusing specifically on private nonprofit university bridge programs, and national statistics show 34% of first-generation college students electing private universities. Thus, the purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to evaluate a private nonprofit university bridge program called the Pfeiffer Readiness Education Program. Using the Seidman retention model as a theoretical framework, this study investigated student satisfaction, retention, GPA, and credits earned versus attempted for first-generation participants in an early intervention program. To determine statistical significance between groups of first-generation participants (n = 39) and first-generation nonparticipants (n = 35), t test is used. The early intervention program demonstrated statistical significance (p < .05) between participants and nonparticipants in student satisfaction, retention from Fall 2016 to Spring 2017, retention from Fall 2016 to Fall 2017, GPA in Fall 2016, GPA from Fall 2016 to Fall 2017, and credits earned versus attempted ratio for Fall 2016 to Fall 2017. This study may provide staff of similar institutions with understanding of the importance of early intervention programs for first-generation college students. Programs to retain and graduate first-generation college students could promote positive social change.
138

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Analysis of Behavioral Patterns and Treatment Barriers

Knap, Kimberly A. 29 June 2018 (has links)
Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience difficulties with social communication and restrictive, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior patterns that place them at an increased risk for developing challenging behaviors that warrant early intervention (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These problems are unlikely to decrease without intervention. Research indicates that parents’ involvement in behaviorally based interventions improves the functioning of children with ASD (Horner, Carr, Strain, Todd, & Reid, 2002). . Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (Eyberg & Funderburk, 2011) is an empirically supported intervention for young children with disruptive behaviors. PCIT shares similarities with numerous proven ASD treatments including caregiver involvement, structure and predictable schedule, and the use of behavioral strategies (e.g., positive reinforcement, differential attention). As such, children with ASD are increasingly referred to PCIT. Researchers and clinicians have started to address the use of PCIT for targeting child compliance and social responsiveness in children with ASD. However, there is a need for research on the feasibility of PCIT for children with ASD and barriers to treatment participation for these families. The present study utilized a non-concurrent multiple baseline design with three parent-child dyads enrolled in PCIT to examine the degree of stability and immediacy of effect in caregivers parenting skill use and in patterns of challenging behaviors, ASD symptoms, and expressive communication exhibited by young children with ASD. Due to a significant attrition rate in the study, barriers to treatment participation were also examined. Findings suggested that PCIT improved children’s challenging behaviors and parent’s use of labeled praises.
139

Examining Experiences of Early Intervention Providers Serving Culturally Diverse Families: A Multiple Case Study Analysis

Bradshaw, Wendy Lea 01 April 2015 (has links)
The cultural and linguistic diversity of the United States is growing rapidly and early intervention service providers are very likely to work with families whose cultures differ from their own. Service providers must consider the multiple cultural factors of families which contribute to family dynamics and the potential for miscommunication is high when the cultural frameworks of early intervention providers differ from those of the families they serve. Culturally responsive practices have been put forth in the theoretical literature as a way to increase successful communication and service provision but there is limited research investigating the beliefs, experiences, and practices of early intervention providers regarding cultural responsiveness and the efficacy of specific practices. This study utilized an exploratory case study methodology with multiple case analyses to investigate the expressed beliefs and practices of in-service early intervention providers regarding culturally responsive practices and comparing them to the tenets of best practice set forth in the conceptual literature. Specifically, the study tested the theory that cultural responsiveness is an integral component of effective early intervention service provision.
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Reading Recovery - A Second Chance to Learn : An Early Intervention Program to Reduce Reading and Writing Difficulties in New Zealand

Källeskog, Eleonor January 2005 (has links)
<p>Reading Recovery är ett vida spritt, individcentrerat men reproducerbart program för de svagaste eleverna efter sitt första skolår. Reading Recovery har sitt ursprung på Nya Zeeland, där professor Marie Clay med kollegor med början under 1970-talet bedrev omfattande läsforskning.</p><p>Den enskilda undervisningen sker enligt en strukturerad lektionsram under 30 minuter dagligen. Programmet bygger på genomgripande utbildning och kontinuerlig fortbildning av redan framgångsrika grundskollärare för att rusta dem för att fatta individuella, pedagogiska beslut med syfte att accelerera läs- och skrivinlärningen hos de utsedda barnen. Eleverna stimuleras att lära sig läsa och skriva genom att främst läsa korta, intresseväckande böcker samt engageras i anslutande skrivande. Betoning ligger på att eleverna ska bli självständiga och utveckla metakognitiva strategier. Elever väljs ut till Reading Recovery genom klasslärarens rekommendation samt utifrån elevens resultat på en omfattande serie tester inom den s.k. Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement; en observation av den tidiga läs- och skrivförmågan. Vanligtvis erbjuds Reading Recovery-undervisning till de 20 procent på respektive skola, vilka uppnått lägst resultat på ovanstående tester. Det grundläggande syftet med programmet är att reducera antalet elever med grava svårigheter att utveckla läs- och skrivförmåga samt att minimera kostnaden för deras utbildning.</p><p>En majoritet av eleverna i Reading Recovery når avsedda mål och i internationella jämförelser ligger Nya Zeeland vanligen bland de högst rankade länderna i läsning. Samtliga av mina respondenter vittnade om de stora fördelarna med Reading Recovery. Enligt mina observationer stämmer pedagogernas faktiska utförande väl överens med programmets ursprungliga teoribas.</p> / <p>Reading Recovery is a widely disseminated, replicable, early intervention program for the lowest performing first-grade students. Originally, Marie Clay and colleagues constructed Reading Recovery in New Zealand on the base of broad research from the 1970’s and onwards. It utilizes a uniform lesson framework and extensive professional development to help already successful teachers make individual, instructional decisions designed to accelerate the literacy learning of the selected children within one-to-one, 30-minute daily lessons. The children are stimulated to learn to read and write by reading and writing. Short stories are used and writing activities are connected to reading. Emphasis is on teachers guiding children to be independent and learn metacognitive strategies.</p><p>Reading Recovery students are identified for services based on teachers’ recommendations and the students’ performances on the Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement, with a number of wide-ranging assessments. Usually, students who score at or below the 20th percentile on the survey at a particular school are provided the intervention.</p><p>The fundamental purpose of the program is to reduce the number of students who have severe difficulty developing literacy skills and to reduce the cost of educating them. A majority of the Reading Recovery students do reach the intended goals and in international comparative studies New Zealand usually is among the top ranking countries in reading.</p><p>All my interviewees testified of the great advantages of Reading Recovery and, according to my conclusions, actual practice is well correlated with theory.</p>

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