Introdução e Resumo: O AVC (Acidente Vascular Cerebral) é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade a nível mundial, portanto, a identificação de fatores de risco e estratégias de prevenção é considerada de importância para a saúde pública. Dieta rica em frutas e vegetais, com sódio reduzido e aumento na ingestão de potássio reduz o risco de AVC. Este estudo preliminar tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto do aconselhamento nutricional nos principais fatores de risco para AVC em pacientes após acidente vascular cerebral recente, seguidos por 3 meses. No estudo principal estes pacientes serão seguidos por 12 meses. Métodos: Pacientes com AVC recente (até 3 meses do quadro inicial) atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre foram randomizados para receber aconselhamento nutricional com uma dieta DASH (grupo de intervenção -GI) ou seguir a dieta usual (grupo controle - GC). Foram avaliadas características clínicas e demográficas e em cada visita foram feitas medidas antropométricas, medição da pressão arterial, exames bioquímicos e recordatório de 24 horas da ingestão de alimentos. As visitas foram realizadas na randomização (visita 1) e 1 e 3 meses após a visita 1. Os desfechos primários foram a redução das medias de pressão arterial dentro dos 3 meses após randomização e a proporção de pacientes com pressão arterial controlada na visita 3. Resultados: Foram avaliados 48 indivíduos (21 no GI e 27 no GC), com uma idade média de 59 ± 12 anos. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos quanto aos desfechos primários. Observamos uma tendência de redução na pressão diastólica com um aumento na ingestão de cálcio (p = 0,06) e com aumento da ingestão de sódio, percebemos um aumento da pressão arterial diastólica (p =0,058) em ambos os grupos. Conclusões: Este estudo não demonstrou diferença no controle dos fatores de risco entre pacientes que receberam orientação nutricional comparados com aqueles com dieta usual. Possivelmente, a continuidade deste estudo, com um número maior de pacientes e um seguimento mais longo, poderá nos trazer resultados mais conclusivos sobre esta relação. / Background and Purpose: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and death at a global level, thus identification of risk factors and prevention strategies are considered of major public health importance. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables and with reduced sodium and increased potassium intake would reduce stroke risk. This preliminary study aims to assess the impact of nutrition counseling in the major risk factors for stroke in patients after recent stroke followed by 3 months. Methods: We randomized to receive nutritional counseling with a DASH Diet (Intervention group-IG) or follow usual diet (Control Group – CG) consecutive patients with acute stroke, assisted at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Clinical and demographic characteristics were assessed and in each visit anthropometric measures, arterial pressure, biochemical laboratory and 24-hour food-intake recordatory were collected and assessed. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at one and 3 months after allocation. Primary outcomes were the reduction of the mean arterial blood pressure within 3 months and the proportion of patients with controlled blood pressure at visit number 3. Results: Forty-eight individuals were randomly assigned to two groups (21 in the IG and 27 in the CG), with a mean-age of 59 ± 12 years. We did not observe significant differences between the two studied groups in the primary outcome. We observed a trend of reduction in diastolic BP with an increase in calcium intake (p = 0.06) and an increase in diastolic blood pressure (p= 0,058) in both groups associated to an increased sodium intake. Conclusions: The primary endpoint of this study was negative. Possibly, the continuity of the study with a larger number of patients followed for a longer period of time may provide us with more conclusive results about this relation.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-15T14:08:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese completa.pdf: 2639383 bytes, checksum: b0f729802a996fe3805896394098440e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T14:08:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese completa.pdf: 2639383 bytes, checksum: b0f729802a996fe3805896394098440e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / A ação educativa problematizadora centrada nos preceitos de Paulo Freire – diálogo, conscientização e autonomia – proporciona a busca de estratégias que visam à promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis pelos adolescentes e, consequentemente, a transformação de sua realidade para contribuir na diminuição de fatores de risco ao desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas degenerativas. Este estudo objetivou desvelar os significados dos adolescentes para a construção e implementação de um plano de ação coletivo direcionado à conscientização de práticas alimentares saudáveis. O local escolhido para alcançar este objetivo foi uma escola pública do município de Vitória de Santo Antão-PE. Participaram adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos, devidamente matriculados no ensino fundamental II e de ambos os sexos. A metodologia utilizada foi da pesquisa-ação, ancorada nos pressupostos eleitos de Paulo Freire, que possui quatro fases. A primeira etapa, exploratória ou de diagnóstico, buscou apreender os significados das práticas alimentares percebidas pelos adolescentes e construir, coletivamente, um plano de ação para a conscientização de práticas alimentares saudáveis, baseado na reflexão crítica da realidade dos adolescentes. Dos 39 adolescentes que demonstraram interesse em participar, 27 adolescentes foram distribuídos em três grupos por faixa etária, composto por 7 a 12 indivíduos. Para cada um deles realizou-se uma sessão de grupo focal, na qual as discussões deram origem ao plano de ação coletivo. Na segunda etapa, fase da pesquisa aprofundada, os dados coletados nos grupos focais foram avaliados pela análise do discurso do sujeito coletivo. Em seguida, reuniram-se os representantes de cada grupo, em número de três, para apresentar estes resultados e determinar o período, horário, objetivos, técnicas a serem utilizadas em cada oficina educativa. O número dos participantes foi de 21 adolescentes da amostra inicial, escolhidos aleatoriamente. Na terceira fase houve a implementação do plano de ação elaborado nas discussões com os adolescentes. As oficinas educativas foram realizadas em quatro encontros semanais com a utilização de metodologias inovadoras e criativas pela problematização, com temas e técnicas distintas. No final, os adolescentes, agentes multiplicadores, elaboraram uma cartilha educativa sobre o conhecimento adquirido a fim de facilitar o diálogo em família. Na última etapa, foi realizada avaliação do processo de construção coletiva sobre as estratégias adotadas direcionadas à conscientização de práticas alimentares saudáveis entre adolescentes. Para isto, realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais, com 14 adolescentes. Os depoimentos gravados foram avaliados pela análise de conteúdo, que originou quatro temas. Os resultados do estudo indicam que as metodologias ativas pela problematização promovem maior conscientização dos indivíduos, o que favorece a transformação de realidades. Apesar do conhecimento sobre alimentação saudável ser controverso e fragmentado, os adolescentes reconheceram que precisam melhorar por meio de apoio formal e informal, constituído pela escola, família e comunidade. A prática pedagógica de Paulo Freire – a partir do diálogo, conscientização e autonomia –, esteve inserida em todas as fases da pesquisa-ação, desde a construção de estratégias educativas até a avaliação, na troca de saberes entre os adolescentes e a equipe de pesquisa para apreensão do conhecimento e transformação de realidades, na qual houve a introdução de alimentos saudáveis no cardápio diário dos adolescentes, participantes deste estudo. / The problem solving educational action focused on the principles of Paulo Freire - dialogue, awareness and empowerment - provides the search for strategies aimed at promoting healthy eating habits among adolescents and consequently the transformation of their reality in order to contribute to the reduction of risk factors to the development of chronic degenerative diseases. This study aimed to uncover the meanings of adolescents for the construction and implementation of a collective plan of action aimed at raising awareness of healthy eating habits. The place chosen to accomplish this was a public school in the municipality of Vitoria Santo Antão - PE. Participated in adolescents 11 to 17 years, duly enrolled in primary II and of both sexes. The methodology used was action research, anchored in elected assumptions of Paulo Freire, which has four phases. The first stage, exploratory or diagnostic, sought to grasp the meanings of eating practices perceived by adolescents and build collectively, a plan of action to raise awareness of healthier eating habits, based on the adolescents' critical reflection of their reality. Of the 39 adolescents who have shown interest in participating, 27 adolescents were divided into three groups by age group, composed of 7 to 12 individuals. For each of them held a focus group session in which the discussions led to the collective action plan. In the second phase of the in-depth research, the data collected in the focus groups was evaluated by analysis of the Collective Subject Discourse. Then gathered the representatives of each group, three in number, to present these results and determine the period, schedule, goals, techniques to be used in each educational workshop. The number of participants was 21 adolescents in the initial sample, chosen at random. The third phase was the implementation of the action plan drawn up in discussions with the adolescents. Four weekly meetings were held for educational workshops, with 21 adolescents, using innovative and creative methodologies for problem solving, with themes and different techniques and, in the end, the adolescents developed an educational booklet with all the acquired knowledge to use in dialogue with their family, in order to propagate what was learned. In the last step, an evaluation of the process of collective construction of the adopted strategies was carried out aiming to raise awareness of healthier eating habits among adolescents. To accomplish that, 14 adolescents answered to semi-structured individual interviews. The recorded interviews were evaluated by content analysis, which originated four themes. The study results indicate that the active methods for problem solving promote greater awareness in individuals, which favors the transformation of a reality. Despite the knowledge about healthy eating being controversial and fragmented, the adolescents recognized that it needs improvement through formal and informal support, consisting of school, family and community. Paulo Freire's pedagogical practice - through dialogue, awareness and autonomy - was inserted in every stage of the Action-Research, from the construction of educational strategies to the evaluation, the exchange of knowledge among adolescents and the research team for acquisition of knowledge and transformation of reality, in which there was the introduction of healthier foods in the daily menu of adolescents participating in this study.

A presente dissertação apresenta a reconstrução da história da imigração japonesa para o Amazonas no pós-guerra, suas análises e interpretações nas perspectivas sociais e culturais, esmeriladas por meio de hábitos alimentares. A escolha da delimitação do tema se deve ao fato de que o ato de alimentar para o ser humano não representa somente uma necessidade fisiológica, envolve quesitos, sobretudo relacionados aos aspectos sociais e culturais, que se entrecruzam constituindo um complexo mosaico no interior do processo imigratório. Como fontes primárias, baseou-se especialmente nos relatos orais dos imigrantes, descendentes e não descendentes envolvidos no processo, porém fez-se usos de outras fontes como fotografias, memorial escrito, edições comemorativas, reportagens jornalísticas, pois de acordo com Demartini (2005, p. 91), quando se estuda grupos imigrantes torna-se essencial a diversificação de fontes sejam elas documentos escritos, relatos orais e imagens, especialmente pela riqueza que a complementaridade entre elas pode permitir. Como fundamentação teórica adotou-se os postulados teóricos de Jacques Le Goff (1990) que levanta discussões acerca de memória e história, elementos norteadores desta investigação. / The present dissertation presents the reconstruction of the history of the Japanese immigration to the Amazon in the postwar period, its analysis and interpretations in the social and cultural perspectives, polished by eating habit means. The theme delimitation choice is due to the fact that the feeding act for the human being not only represents a physiological need, but also involves questions mainly related to the social and cultural aspects that are intermingled, constituting a complex mosaic within the Immigration process. As primary sources, it was specially based on oral reports of immigrants, descendants and non-descendants involved in the process. However, uses were made of other sources such as photographs, memorial writing, commemorative issues, journalistic reporting, for according to Demartini (2005, 91), when studying immigrant groups, it is essential to diversify sources, whether they are \"written documents, oral reports or images, especially for the richness that the complementarity between them can allow.\" As theoretical foundation, it was adopted the theoretical postulates of Jacques Le Goff (1990) that raises discussions about memory and history, guiding elements of this investigation.

Bakgrund: Media har en allt större roll i det dagliga livet och prevalensen för ätstörningar ökar hos både män och kvinnor. I takt med att tekniken gör media mer lättillgänglig kan det finnas en större risk att påverkas. Syfte: Att sammanställa kunskap från vetenskaplig litteratur kring hur media påverkar risken att insjukna i en ätstörning, bland unga människor från 12 till 30 år. Metod: Strukturerad litteraturöversikt där resultatet baserades på 11 kvantitativa originalartiklar från PubMed, MeSH, SBU och MEDLINE genom PsycINFO. Resultat: Sinnesstämningen, ätmönster och kroppsbild kan förändras vid exponering för media som framhäver en idealistisk kroppsfigur som sedan kan påverka till att drabbas av ätstörningssymtom. Individer som avviker i synen på sig själv jämfört med den som de tycker att de borde ha eller de som tidigare haft ätstörningssymtom har en större risk att internalisera det idealiserade budskapet från media. Slutsats: Denna översikt visar på att media kan påverka risken för insjuknanden av en ätstörning och påverkan blir starkare då individen har ätstörningssymtom eller en förändrad syn på sig själv eller på den som samhället utstakat sedan tidigare. Kroppsmissnöje, internalisering av det smala idealet, förändrad ätmönster, inverkan på sinnesstämningen samt självkänslan är faktorer som media omedvetet kan påverka hos både unga män och kvinnor. Här kan kunskap kring media spela en stor roll i preventionen. Det krävs även mer forskning med fokus på pojkar och ätstörning då den nuvarande forskningen till större del fokuserat på kvinnor. Då ätstörningar är ett fortsatt stigande problem bland unga människor så borde detta område även inkluderas i sjuksköterskans grundutbildning. / Background: Media has an increasing role in the daily life and so is the prevalence of Eating Disorders, for men and women. In the light of technological advances, the media becomes more approachable which increases the risk of impact. Aim: To gather knowledge through scientific literature about how media impact the risk of onset in an Eating Disorder, among young people ages 12 to 30. Method: Structured literature study based on 11 quantitative original articles. Result: Affect, eating patterns and body image can change when exposed to appearance media, which idealizes an unrealistic body image which can lead to a disordered eating pathology. The Individuals with discrepancies between the self-image and the idealized one they think they ought to have, or those who have previously had disordered eating pathology are at greater risk of internalizing the idealized message. Conclusion: This literature review shows that media can impact the risk of the upbringing of an eating disorder and the impact strengthens when the individual has disordered eating pathology or has distorted view on their selves or on how society previously dictated. Body dissatisfaction, internalization of the thin ideal, changed eating patterns, impact on affect and self-esteem are factors, which unconsciously affect young women and men. Media literacy can play a big part in preventing eating disorders. More research connected to eating disorders and men is needed since previous studies focused more on women. This ought to be included in the curriculum of nursing training as eating disorders are rising.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is one of the most frequent bone metabolic disease. It is a systemic metabolic skeleton disease, where the architecture of bone tissue is damaged due to the loss of bone mass, and therefore the bone quality is reduced. Thus, it comes to increased bones fragility and reduction in mechanical resistance, which leads to a higher risk of fractures. The principle of pathogenesis is an imbalance between resorption and bone formation. Due to increasing lifetime and lifestyle changes, the prevalence of the disease increases. Aim: The aim of the practical part of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the eating habits of postmenopausal women treated for osteoporosis and to evaluate their nutritional condition in relation to bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Nutritional habits were obtained and evaluated through a questionnaire survey. Three-day meal records were collected and analysed using the Nutriservis Profesional nutritional software, to determine the energy intake and selected nutrients. Osteodensitometric data were measured using dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The analysis of the diet showed that the observed group of women consumes an excessive amount of energy on average, especially in form of fats. Higher intake of protein was also observed....

Children's obesity is a global issue. Overweight is associated with many health complications and social inconveniences. The theoretical part is devoted to the general causes of obesity development, complications associated with obesity and treatment of obesity. Physical activity, children's and adolescent's eating habits are discussed in the following chapter. Short parts are devoted to describing the characteristics of adolescents period and modern technologies. The group consisted of 11 adolescents aged from 11 to 18 years. The adolescents were observed for two months. During this period, adolescents recorded physical activity, number of steps, number of hours spent with technologies (mobile phones, computers, tablets, laptops). Each of them also wrote down their eating habits. All eating habits diets were provided evaluated and compared with recommendations. Adolescents were measured twice on a bioimpedance device, their body compositions were determined and evaluated based on their measuring. Research proved that each respondent has shown a change in body composition (ratio between muscle and fat), which did not always show a decrease in total body weight. For adolescents, motivation was caused by borrowed pedometers. But not even thanks to this modern technology, adolescents were not able to...

The theme of this thesis is sports diet. It is divided into two parts. A theoretical part explains balanced died. It describes the mechanics of energy generation during physical activity and the characteristics of rowing and Crossfit. The focus is on diet in those disciplines. Based on the theoretical foundation is build a practical part, where the statistical data are analyzed and evaluated. The goal of this thesis is to discover, whether there is a difference between rower's and Crossfit athlete's diets. To find out, specialized questionaries about eating habits have been used. Sixteen sportsmen/sportswomen have filled the questionaries. Based upon collected data about their intake of selected nutrients in the last month, there were no statistically significant differences in energy income, protein consumption (neither animal nor plant-based), amount of fruit and vegetables, fatty acid spectrum nor added sugar income. The data have nonetheless indicated differences, eg. Crossfitters tend to have higher animal protein consumption and lower intake of fruit. Key words: crossfit, eating habits, nutrition, rowing, sport diet

Background: Overweight and obesity among children under the age of 5 have become a public health problem. The worldwide prevalence is 4.9% and 6.0%, whereas in Peru it is 7.4% and 1.9%, respectively. The causes of these problems are multifactorial and must be studied to prevent the multiple consequences on children's health. Methods: Secondary data analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Family Health Survey (DHS). The sample size was 7935 children and their mothers. The dependent variable was childhood overweight/obesity, measured according to the Z-score of the BMI >2 standard deviation (SD), while the main independent variable consisted of the maternal depressive symptoms (DS) (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score >10 points). The software STATA/MP 14.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity among children aged 0-5 years was 4.5% and the prevalence of moderate and severe maternal DS was 7.1%. No maternal depressive symptoms were found to be associated with the outcome [adjusted PR = 1.36 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-3.09 p = 0.47]. An association was found between socioeconomic status (SES) Q3 (adjusted PR = 3.86 95% CI = 1.9-7.6 p < 0.0001), Q4 (adjusted PR = 5.53 95% CI = 2.76-11.1 p < 0.0001), Q5 (adjusted PR = 6.9 95% CI = 3.24-14.7 p = < 0.0001), maternal BMI (adjusted PR = 1.06 95% CI = 1.03-1.08 p < 0.0001), and cesarean delivery (adjusted PR = 1.42 95% CI = 1.01-1.99 p = 0.042). Conclusions: No association was found between maternal depressive symptoms and overweight/obesity among children aged 0-5 years. The upper SES quintiles, maternal BMI, and cesarean delivery were associated with the outcome. / Revisión por pares

A survey of 274 adolescents aged 14-16 years in rural Appalachia showed that unhealthy eating habits were prevalent. A few adolescents were teased about weight whereas 20.1% witnessed weight teasing almost everyday. Perception of parents' healthy eating and better social support for healthy eating were associated with healthier eating habits.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund Forskning har visat att pojkars och flickors matvanor skiljer sig åt på högstadiet. Riksmaten ungdoms resultat visade att mer än 90% av deltagarna åt mindre än hälften av den rekommenderade mängden frukt och grönsaker. Ungdomar har god kännedom om vad som anses vara hälsosam och ohälsosam mat. Utbildning i matlagning behöver finnas med i läroplanen för att säkerställa att kunskapen om goda vanor bevaras ur ett hälsoperspektiv. Syfte Syftet var att studera hur högstadieelever resonerar kring matvanor och vad som påverkar deras matvanor. Metod Kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 17 informanter,tio flickor och sju pojkar som fyllt 15 år. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades för att sedan analyseras med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Största delen av informanterna säger att sallad och grönsaker är hälsosamma val av livsmedel. Låg fetthalt, gärna vegetariskt och hemlagat nämns som bra val ur hälsoperspektiv. Att äta varierad kost för att få i sig alla näringsämnen en behöver genom att följa tallriksmodellen samt att dricka vatten till maten ansågs hälsosamt. Snabbmat från McDonalds nämndes ofta som exempel på ohälsosam mat. Fysisk aktivitet och umgänge med kompisar, samt om det var vardag eller helg påverkade informanternas matvanor. Mat som de uttryckte var ohälsosam ansågs även som godare, medan mat som de fann som hälsosam inte tycktes smaka lika bra. Slutsats Ungdomars resonemang stämmer väl överens med de nuvarande råden kring kost. Ungdomarna kan väl beskriva vad som är hälsosamt och inte. Den större delen av informanterna nämner att hem- och konsumentkunskap inte påverkat nämnvärt hur de ska äta. Några av dem tycker att de blivit påverkade av undervisningen. Sociala medier har i viss mån negativ inverkan på ungdomar, som att få dem att äta lite mat för att hålla sig smala, men sociala medier kan också inspirera ungdomar till att laga mat.