Die Enzyklopädie der Performancekunst ist keine weitere Geschichte der Performancekunst. Der empirische und strikt materialistische Zugang zielt darauf ab, einen kompletten und systematischen Überblick zu geben über Materialien und ihren Gebrauch in der Performancekunst sowie Handlungen und ihre spezifischen Qualitäten in der Performancekunst.

Im Spannungsfeld zwischen der gültigen Repräsentation des aktuellen Wissensstandes und der allgemeinen Verständlichkeit für den nichtakademischen Leser stellt die enzyklopädische Literatur des 18. Jahrhunderts eine Praxis der Wissenserstellung und Wissensvermittlung dar, die an ihren Formen selbst studiert werden muss. Nach einer kurzen Erläuterung des Ansatzes (1.) werden nachfolgend diese Wissensformen als gattungsgenerierend (2.) und, am Beispiel von Zedlers Universal-Lexicon (3.), als textgenerierend für das allgemeine Wissen beschrieben.

Durch Digitalisierung und Bereitstellung im Internet rücken jetzt die Nachschlagewerke näher an die Leser und Schreiber heran. Orientierung beim Schreiben geben neben den gedruckten Werken längst auch Online-Dienste wie Wikipedia, während die Lektüre zugleich von Fachportalen und einschlägigen Hypertexten gesteuert wird, die immer weniger dazu auffordern, den Schreibtischstuhl zu verlassen. Die Kultur des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens mag gleich bleiben, ihre Medien ändern sich entscheidend, wenn sie digital werden.

Die folgenden Überlegungen verdanken sich dem Versuch, die Wissenschaftsgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts durch die Wissensgeschichte zu unterlaufen, und die akademische Disziplinierung der Erkenntnisweisen durch einen Blick auf die tatsächlich produzierten Enzyklopädien zu durchkreuzen. Der Blick auf die Universität fällt entsprechend kritisch aus.

Im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert ist die Rede der Enzyklopädisten - gemeint sind damit alle, wohl mehrere hundert alphabetisch geordneten und umfangsstarken Wissenswerke vor und nach der französischen "Encyclopedie" (1751- 1765) - erkennbar darin unterschiedlich, je nachdem, an welches Publikum sie sich richten. Dabei kann man vom Beispiel der französischen Akademie ausgehen und vermutungsweise zwei Haupttypen unterscheiden, nämlich das allgemeine Publikum und die Fachleserschaft. Einen charakteristischen Fall scheinen medizinische Enzyklopädien abzugeben, denn bei medizinischen Artikeln kann man sogar davon sprechen. dass die unterschiedlichen Redeweisen enzyklopädischer Werke zwei Körper konstituieren: den ärztlichen Behandlungsgegenstand und den Körper des Bürgers. Während der eine Objekt von Praktiken ist, akkumuliert der andere anatomische und chirurgische Kenntnisse als theoretisches Wissen. Die therapeutische Wirkung der Lektüre ist entsprechend verschieden. Für den Arzt bedeutet eine fachliche Auskunft immer auch eine mögliche Handlungsanweisung, für den Laien reduziert sich der praktische Anwendungsnutzen auf präventive Maßnahmen oder lediglich auf ein Verständnis ärztlicher Kunst. Der Unterschied ist einfach zu beobachten, wenn man die beiden Textsorten - den Fachartikel und den des allgemeinen Wissens - auseinander hält. Das soll im Folgenden am Beispiel einer medizinischen Enzyklopädie geschehen, deren Artikel die fachsprachlichen Vermittlungs- und Lesetechniken überschreiten und eine allgemeinbildende Wissensartikulation auch im Bereich des medizinischen Wissens durchsetzen wollen. Es handelt sich um das kurz vor der berühmten "Encyclopedie" von Diderot und d' Alembert veröffentliche "Medical Dictionary" von Robert James.

"Was war die Nase im 18. Jahrhundert? Wie sah die "Nasologie" des Zeitalters aus, die der Hannoveraner Arzt Johann Georg Zimmermann (1728-1795) als neue Wissenschaft konzipieren wollte?

[pt] Como afirmar que Foucault faz filosofia? De que tipo de filosofia se trata e como ela se configura? Permeado por questões como essas, esse trabalho defende a tese de que Foucault faz filosofia através de ficções. Termo amplo, ele serve ao propósito de assinalar uma relação nada tradicional que o autor estabeleceu com a prática da história da filosofia. Isso porque seu tratamento de temas e questões filosóficas passa por um entendimento diferente do que seria história, assim como aborda de outra forma o objetivo tradicional da filosofia, a saber, a verdade. Através de uma leitura muito particular de dois pontos de vista metodológicos, a saber, o projeto crítico de Kant e a abordagem genealógica emprestada de Nietzsche, bem como de outras influências salientadas ao longo do trabalho, Foucault desenhou estratégias inovadoras para compreender as maneiras pelas quais verdades moldam subjetividades. Tendo isso em conta, procuramos perceber uma nova maneira de escrever a história que implica numa maneira diferente de pensar a filosofia, uma vez que um de seus interesses mais contínuos é o de investigar os jogos de verdade. Ensaiadas as mais diversas ficções – de suas enciclopédias até sua maneira particular de compreender a Antiguidade, passando por diversas personagens e perspectivas sobre a filosofia –, salientou-se certa liberdade e certa liberação do pensamento. Ao visitar deliberadamente e de modo não-sistemático seus livros, ditos e escritos, esperamos ter enfrentado alguns dos impasses e armadilhas naturalizados pela tradição, bem como por parte da vária foucaultiana. / [en] How do we affirm that Foucault does Philosophy? Which kind of philosophy is it and how is it set? Permeated for questions like these, this work defends the thesis that Foucault does philosophy by fictions. A wide term, it suggests a non-traditional relationship the author estabilishes with the practice of history of philosophy. The reason is his treatment of philosophical thematics and questions linked with a different understanding about history, as well his other approach to the traditional aim of philosophy – the truth –, as we hope to show by choicing to talk about fictions. Thanks to a particular reading of two methodological points of view - Kant s critical project and Nietzschean genealogical approach, Foucault drafts innovator strategies to comprehend the way in which truths shapes subjectivities. Taking it in account, we put lights (and shadows?) in a new way of writting the history which implies a different way of thinking philosophy, once one of his most continuos interests would be inquiry the games of truth. After essaying many of his fictions – from his encyclopedias to his way to comprehend the Antiquity, passing through many characters and perspectives about philosophy -, we hope to stress certain freedom and liberation of thought into his books, writtings and speechs, facing traps and stalemates naturalized by traditional pratices, as well as challenging the common-sense of Foucault s readings.

The thesis analyzes differences in perception of social work between men and women. It does so on the basis of Encyclopedia of Social Work. The individual chapters of the book are explored within the framework of several current definitions of social work, and two separate conclusions are made for each of them. The first always sums up the way the Encyclopedia treats the subject in and of itself. The second adds a gender perspective and addresses the discrepancies between male and female understanding of the problem. The meaning of contrasts between the individual results is then interpreted in the context of gender and social work as a whole.

abstract: In May 2014, The Encyclopedia Show: Chicago performed its last volume. Like all others before, the Show was a collection of performances devised by artists, musicians, poets and playwrights all performing various subtopics surrounding a central theme, taken from “an actual Encyclopedia.” The final show was Volume 56 for Chicago; the founding city ended their six year run with an amassed body of work exploring topics ranging from Wyoming to Alan Turing, Serial Killers to Vice Presidents. Perhaps more impressive than the monthly performance event in Chicago is the fact that the show has been “franchised” to organizers and performers in at least seventeen cities. Franchise agreements mandated that for at least the first year of performance, topics were to follow Chicago’s schedule, thus creating an archive of Shows around the world, each that started with Bears, moved to The Moon, onto Visible Spectrum of Color, and so on. Now that the Chicago show has ended, I wonder what will happen to the innovative format for community performance that has reached thousands of audience members and inspired hundreds of individual performances across the globe in a six-year period. This project, like much of my own work, has two aims: first, to provide the first substantive history of The Encyclopedia Show for archival purposes; and second, to explore whether this format can be used to achieve the goals of “interdisciplinarity” in the classroom. In an effort to honor my own interests in multiple academic disciplines and in an attempt to capture the structural and performative “feel” of an Encyclopedia Show, this dissertation takes the shape of an actual Encyclopedia Show. The overarching topic of this “show” is: Michelle Hill: The Doctoral Process. In an actual Encyclopedia Show, subtopics would work to explore multiple perspectives and narratives encompassed by the central topic. As such, my “subtopics” are devoted to the roles I have played throughout my doctoral process: historian, academic, teacher. A fourth role, performer, works to transition between the sections and further create the feel of a “breakage” from a more traditional dissertation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Theatre 2017

Esta dissertação discute o verbete Geografia Física, elaborado por Nicolas Desmarest e publicado na Encyclopédie de Diderot e DAlembert em 1757, o qual apresenta uma proposta de se fazer e pensar Geografia diferente das interpretações comumente aceitas pela História da Geografia para o pensamento geográfico do século XVIII. Elaborado pelo homem de letras Nicolas Desmarest, no seio do Iluminismo e do enciclopedismo francês, este trabalho analisou o verbete no contexto deste movimento e das tradições científicas que teorizaram a Terra e seus fenômenos na primeira metade do século XVIII. Diante da discussão realizada, constatou-se a existência de uma legítima Geografia teorizada pelas Luzes e propagada pela Encyclopédie, bem como o papel central assumido por Nicolas Desmarest para o desenvolvimento deste saber. Além disso, revelou a existência de uma importante controvérsia científica entre a Geografia Física e a Teoria da Terra, a qual foi debatida por Nicolas Desmarest e Buffon no limiar do nascimento das chamadas Geologia e Geografia modernas. / In this work we discuss about the article Physical Geography, that was created by Nicolas Desmarest and published in the Diderot and DAlemberts Encyclopedia in 1757. The article introduced a proposal to do and to think Geography different from what is commonly accepted by the History of Geography to the 18th century geographical thought. It was elaborated by the man of letters Nicolas Desmarest, in the middle of the Enlightenment and the French encyclopedism. This work analyzed the article in the context of this movement and in the scientific traditions that theorized the Earth and its phenomena in the 18th century first half. In front of this discussion, we noted the existence of a genuine Geography theorized by the Enlightenment and propagated by the Encyclopedia, which Nicolas Desmarest assumed a central position to the development of this knowledge. Furthermore, this work revealed an important scientific controversy between the Physical Geography and the Theory of the Earth that was discussed by Nicolas Desmarest and Buffon, in the dawn of so-called modern Geology and Geography.