No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of History, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], ii, 89 p. : maps. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-89).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YuriSS_DISSERT_1-99.pdf: 4244362 bytes, checksum: 91b25464e30c3e3592f1fbbe4b7c40e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The necessity of the insertion of the capital of Rio Grande do Norte in the world-wide commercial scene and its claim as the seat of political power, in ends of nineteenth and beginning of twentieth century, determined the direction of urban interventions undertaken by government to restructure the city. In that matter, there were several actions of improvements and embellishment in Natal, which had, as a starting point, the adequacy works of the port, located in the Ribeira quarter, with the aim of ending the physical isolation that reinforced its economic stagnation. Besides the problems faced in the opening bar of the Potengi River, and would complement the required improvements, other barriers demonstrate the tension established between the physic-geographic field and the man: the flooded and slope which connected Cidade Alta and Ribeira the first two quarters of the city.The execution of these works demanded knowledge whose domain and application it was for engineering. But, how the actions done for the engineers, in sense to transform natural areas into constructed spaces made possible the intentional conformation of the quarter of the Ribeira in a commercial and politician-administrative center, in the middle of the XIX century and beginning of the XX? Understand, therefore, the employment effects of technology on the physical-geographical Ribeira, is the objective of this work that uses theoretical and methodological procedures of Urban Environmental History, by analyzing the relationship between the environment and the man, mediated by knowledge and use of technologies. The documental research was used, as primary sources, the Messages of the Provincial Assembly Government that later became the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Norte reports and articles on specialized publications, in addition to local newspapers. The work is structured in five chapters. First, some comments about Urban Environmental History (Chapter 1) supplemented with analysis of the conceptual construction of nature in the Contemporary Era and its application in the city (chapter 02), the following chapters (03 and 04) deal with the rise of engineers as a active group in the Brazilian government frameworks and their vision about the nature inside the urban environment and it is studied how the professional technicians dealt with the improvement work of the harbor and in the shock with the natural forces. Other works that would complement this "project" of modernization and had had natural obstacles to be removed the Ribeira flood and slope constitute the subject of the fifth chapter. Finally, some final considerations retake the initial discussions aiming an association between the technique and the nature as junction elements inside the process of constitution of a Modern Natal / A necessidade de inser??o da capital do Rio Grande do Norte no cen?rio comercial mundial e sua afirma??o como sede do poder pol?tico, em fins do s?culo XIX e in?cio do XX, determinou o rumo das interven??es urbanas empreendidas, pela administra??o p?blica, para reestruturar a cidade. Nesse sentido, v?rias foram as a??es de melhoramentos e de aformoseamentos em Natal, que tiveram, como ponto de partida, as obras de adequa??o do porto, localizado no bairro da Ribeira, com a finalidade de p?r fim ao isolamento f?sico que refor?ava a sua estagna??o econ?mica. Al?m dos problemas enfrentados para a abertura da barra do rio Potengi, e que complementaria as necess?rias melhorias, outros entraves demonstrariam a tens?o instaurada entre o meio f?sico-geogr?fico e o homem: o alagado e o elevado que ligava a Cidade Alta e Ribeira os dois primeiros bairros da cidade. A execu??o dessas obras demandava conhecimento cujo dom?nio e aplica??o cabia ? engenharia. Mas, de que modo as a??es realizadas pelos engenheiros, no sentido de transformar ?reas naturais em espa?os constru?dos, possibilitariam a conforma??o intencional do bairro da Ribeira num centro comercial e pol?tico-administrativo, entre meados do s?culo XIX e in?cio do XX? Compreender, portanto, os efeitos do emprego da t?cnica sobre o espa?o f?sico-geogr?fico da Ribeira, constitui o objetivo deste trabalho que teve como ferramental te?rico-metodol?gico a Hist?ria Ambiental Urbana, ao analisar a rela??o entre o meio ambiente e o homem, mediada pelo conhecimento e emprego de tecnologias. Na pesquisa documental, utilizou-se, como fontes prim?rias, as Mensagens do Governo ? Assembl?ia Provincial posteriormente Assembl?ia Legislativa do Estado , relat?rios e artigos de publica??es especializados, al?m dos peri?dicos locais. O trabalho estruturou-se em cinco cap?tulos. Primeiro tece-se coment?rios sobre a Hist?ria Ambiental Urbana (cap?tulo 1) complementado, com a an?lise da constru??o conceitual da natureza na Era Contempor?nea e sua aplica??o na cidade (cap?tulo 02); os cap?tulos seguintes (03 e 04) versam sobre a ascens?o dos engenheiros, como grupo atuante nos quadros administrativos brasileiros e a vis?o da categoria sobre a natureza dentro do meio urbano e estuda-se a maneira como esses profissionais lidaram com as obras de melhoramento do porto e o seu embate com as for?as naturais. As demais obras que complementariam esse projeto de moderniza??o e que tiveram obst?culos naturais a serem removidos o alagado e o elevado constituem a ?tica do quinto cap?tulo. Por fim, s?o retomadas as discuss?es iniciais entorno da rela??o t?cnica e natureza, como elementos articuladores, dentro do processo de constitui??o de uma Moderna Natal

No description available.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Natureza é uma idéia complexa forjada na tradição ocidental de oposição entre espírito e matéria; a natureza, contudo, comporta não apenas significados biofísicos, mas também dimensões míticas e evocativas. Baseada nessa perspectiva, a presente dissertação analisa as transformações ambientais que ocorreram na esteira da colonização das Minas Gerais através do Caminho Velho. Estudando aspectos simbólicos, econômicos e ecológicos do processo de ocupação dos sertões, tentamos compreender os distintos elos materiais e imateriais que conectam seres humanos e espaço. O ouro atraiu para o interior da América portuguesa multidões de pessoas que necessitavam alimento e abrigo. Se a existência do ouro pode ser considerada um fator físico, o que dizer da valorização do metal pelas populações européias? Se o alimento é uma necessidade fisiológica para a sobrevivência humana, o que pensar da preferência de garimpeiros por carne de boi? Traçando relações entre fisicalidade e cultura, evidenciamos as transformações como resultado do dialogismo entre sociedade e natureza. A natureza dos sertões mineiros ao longo de um século foi totalmente alterada: milhares de espécies nativas foram substituídas por algumas poucas espécies exóticas. A agência humana teve um papel crucial nessa revolução, mas o imperialismo ecológico, embora impulsionado pelo expansionismo europeu, não rendeu exatamente os frutos ansiados pelos colonizadores.

Submitted by MARCIO MOTA PEREIRA (drmmota@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-04-30T00:26:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL DE MESTRADO.pdf: 3926355 bytes, checksum: 3c84da032d639cc45c02a8fc79151467 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafael Aguiar (rafael.aguiar@fgv.br) on 2013-05-10T14:45:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL DE MESTRADO.pdf: 3926355 bytes, checksum: 3c84da032d639cc45c02a8fc79151467 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-05-15T11:54:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL DE MESTRADO.pdf: 3926355 bytes, checksum: 3c84da032d639cc45c02a8fc79151467 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-15T11:55:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL DE MESTRADO.pdf: 3926355 bytes, checksum: 3c84da032d639cc45c02a8fc79151467 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / This study aims to understand how was the creating of national parks in Brazil. For this, we will make a historical and economic retrospective of the activities that culminated in more environmental damage in Brazil as well as a brief survey of established instruments, each in their own time, while responsible for the reduction or even the portrayal of such damages. Among these instruments quoted na tional parks, one of qualities of conservation units established as a methodology for to stop the explorat ion about a specific biome. We will conclude this dissertation with an analysis of the reasons for the inclusion of the first national park in the Brazilian region of the Serra da Man tiqueira. The Itatiaia National Park was established during the first government of President Vargas , strategically located between the major cities of the country showed up at the same time as an area of environmental preservation and enjoyment of vacat ioners, serving to safeguard biota and leisure. He was a model for the other six dozen national parks that are part of our conservation units and continues calling attention by the scenic beauty and environmental diversity that protects. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como se deu a política de criação de parques nacionais no Brasil. Para tanto, faremos à luz da história uma retrospectiva das atividades econômicas que mais culminaram em prejuízos ambientais no Brasil assim como um sucinto levantamento dos instrumentos estabelecidos, cada um à sua época, enquanto responsáveis pela redução ou mesmo pela retratação destes danos. Dentre estes instrumentos citamos os parques nacionais, uma das várias qualidades de unidades de conservação estabelecidas enquanto metodologia responsável por diminuir o avanço exploratório sobre um bioma específico. Concluiremos essa dissertação com uma análise dos motivos que justificaram a inserção do primeiro parque nacional brasileiro na região Serra da Mantiqueira. O Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, criado durante o primeiro governo do Presidente Vargas e estrategicamente localizado entre as maiores cidades do país apresentava-se ao mesmo tempo como um espaço de preservação ambiental e de deleite de veranistas, servindo à salvaguarda biota e ao lazer. Foi modelo para as outras seis dezenas de parques nacionais que fazem parte de nossas unidades de conservação e continua chamando a atenção pela beleza cênica e pela diversidade ambiental que protege.

The Jiroft valley, in southeastern Iran, was an important agricultural centre since the Early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BCE). The valley is characterized by harsh environmental settings: hot climate with poor rainfall. However, more optimal conditions may have prevailed earlier that supported ancient settlements. A 250-cm sediment core was retrieved from a peat-land at Konar Sandal, a major archaeological find attributed to Jiroft culture. The palynological data from this core was combined with geochemical and sedimentological proxies aimed at establishing the human-environment interactions in the area. The study focus was directed at vegetation history and landscape evolution, hydroclimatic changes and past human activities, that started just after the projected collapse of the Jiroft (4 ka) and extended all the way from the late Bronze Age to the Mongol invasion (0.6 ka). The results indicate that the valley was dominated by Saharo-Sindian open pseudo-savannah vegetation for the last 4000 years. However, due to anthropogenic clearance and intensified agro-pastoral activities, and also climatic factors, the land cover shifted from open xeric scrubland forests to more open, degraded landscapes. The principal human practice in these early settlements was cereal cultivation. But it is likely that during the more arid periods, communities retreated and abandoned agriculture, facilitating successional processes. Such droughts occurred in 4-3.8 ka and 3.4-2.8 ka and were supported by palynological data, C/N and Fe2O3 content. Peat formation was characteristic to the wetland during these arid periods. These droughts corresponded to drought phases detected in other studies, and were attributed to changes in Siberian Anticyclones. Dynamics of Artemisia and desert shrubs indicate milder climate around 3.8-3.4 ka and 2.8-0.6 ka. In the latter episode, during the rule of Persian Empire (ca. 550 BCE-650 CE) and Islamic epoch, the highest vegetation degradation state and most intensive human activities were observed. Some inconspicuous human practices, such as date cultivation, may have occurred on site as an adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. / High-resolution paleolimnological records from Lake Jazmurian: Climate-culture evolution at Jiroft in southeast Iran during the Holocene

Notre recherche doctorale propose, sur la base des résultats d’une expérimentation menée dans la haute vallée de la Sèvre niortaise, une contribution à la théorisation de ce que pourrait être une pratique paysagiste de la médiation environnementale par le paysage. A l’initiative de ce travail se trouve l’interrogation formulée par le Conseil Général des Deux-Sèvres quand aux modalités et aux dispositifs qui pourraient favoriser une « gestion intégrée » de la ressource hydrique et de l’aménagement des cours d’eau. Le questionnement du CG79 intervient alors que les politiques publiques en la matière se réordonnent autour d’une stratégie de « restauration écologique » comprise comme un retour à un état avant « perturbations anthropiques ». A rebours de ces conceptions fondées sur l’image d’une nature menacée par l’homme, nous proposons d’aborder la problématique environnementale et celle des politiques associés dans leurs irréductibles hybridités socio-écologiques ainsi que dans leurs multiples échelles spatio-temporelles. Or pour penser la question environnementale et l’action en la matière comme un objet complexe, les sociétés ont besoin d’objets intermédiaires. Par ce terme, on entend tous les moyens matériels et conceptuels employés dans l’action collective pour diagnostiquer, se coordonner et agir. L’hypothèse fondatrice de notre recherche est que le paysage peut, à condition de se doter de méthodes, constituer un objet intermédiaire entre société et environnement. On considère en effet le paysage comme un reflet des relations socio-écologiques qui offre la possibilité de se représenter le complexe environnemental et de l’inscrire à la croisée des expertises et des logiques d’acteurs. Dans cette perspective, nous parlerons de médiation paysagère. Ce paysage-reflet, toutefois, n’est pas donné d’avance. La première tâche de la médiation paysagère est de le construire et de le faire exister comme tel aux yeux de la communauté humaine concernée. Pour ce faire, la connaissance scientifique joue un rôle de premier plan. Loin d’être un obstacle à la délibération et à la concertation, elle doit au contraire activer un processus de décryptage, et d’interprétation collective. Dans cette perspective, la singularité de notre démarche est d’inscrire au cœur de la médiation une recherche historique qui en constitue la « ressource cognitive ». / Any water policy oscillates between multiple vocations - social, environmental, economic, patrimonial - and arouses frequent controversies. It deploys itself according to sectorized actions, to contradictory interests and to different social representations. Today, the confliction about river landscapes re-organizes itself around a new purpose promulgated by the Water Framework European Directive: reach the " good ecological state " in 2015. Therefore, the rearrangement of the intentionality of the action is the context of my doctoral research. This one approaches the landscape at the same time as object of the knowledge and as decision-making tool. I postulate, that in front of the diversity of the social expectations and in front of the multiplicity of the objectives to be seized by the decision-makers, it is important to be able to refer to a frame integrator of reflection and action. The landscape constitutes for me this frame. In this perspective, it is envisaged as a tool of mediation capable of bringing a new "socio-territorial contract". The hypothesis of the landscape mediation thus constitutes the horizon of my contribution, which presents the methodological foundations of an approach which, applied to the case of the river landscapes of the Sèvre niortaise, is leaned on the construction and the sharing of an historical knowledge. / Toda política del agua oscila entre preocupaciones y vocaciones múltiples – sociales, ambientales, económicas, patrimoniales… - y suscita frecuentes controversias. Con ella se ponen en marcha acciones sectorizadas en las que participan diferentes actores con intereses contradictorios y sistemas de representación social bien diferenciados. Hoy en día, los conflictos en relación con los paisajes del fondo del valle se reorganizan alrededor de un nuevo objetivo promulgado por la Directiva Marco Europea del Agua : alcanzar el « buen estado ecológico » de los ríos en el año 2015. Es en este contexto de cambio en las políticas del agua en el cual se basa mi investigación doctoral, en la cual se aborda el paisaje a la vez como objeto de conocimiento e instrumento de ayuda en las decisiones. Se postula que frente a la diversidad de las esperas sociales y los múltiples objetivos a tener en cuenta por los responsables de la gestión del agua, es importante poder referirse a un marco integrador de reflexión y acción. Para mi, el paisaje constituye este marco. En esta perspectiva, el paisaje se contempla como una herramienta de mediación capaz de construir un nuevo «contrato social y territorial ». La hipótesis de la mediación a través del paisaje constituye el horizonte de esta tesis, que presenta los fundamentos metodológicos de un procedimiento que, aplicado al caso de la Sèvre niortaise, se apoya en el hecho de construir y compartir conocimientos históricos.

Bien que l’histoire environnementale soit devenue un champ d’études en pleine effervescence pour interroger la constitution historique des catégories par lesquelles nous pensons nos rapports à ce qui nous entoure, l’apport capital de Canguilhem et de Foucault à une telle démarche a été jusqu’à maintenant totalement sous-estimé. A partir des indications de ces ceux penseurs qui ont opéré une histoire conceptuelle et généalogique des rapports entre les hommes et leur « milieu », ce travail tente de montrer comment il apparaît en Occident, au cours du 18ème et du 19ème siècle, une série de savoirs et de pratiques consistant à gouverner les hommes par l’aménagement de leur entourage. De manière intrinsèque à l’élaboration d’une panoplie de savoirs biologiques, géographiques et sociologiques concernant le rapport des hommes à leur milieu, semble émerger en effet une biopolitique environnementale dont nous ne sommes pas encore affranchis. A l’âge des grandes conférences intergouvernementales sur « la protection de l’environnement », l’étude de cette biopolitique environnementale pourrait servir à changer de perspective en matière d’écologie et à se demander comment les savoirs environnementaux de l’Occident se sont formés au sein d’une rationalité consistant à gouverner les hommes par leur milieu. / In the recent years, environmental history has become a blooming field of study. It examines the historical formation of the categories through which the Relationship between Man and his environment is apprehended. Canguilhem and Foucault’s crucial contribution to this domain of knowledge has been totally neglected until now. Drawing on the conceptual and genealogical history these two authors have developed, this thesis attempts to bring to light how a domain of knowledge and practices aiming at governing Man through the planning of their surroundings, has emerged in the Western World during the XVIIIth and XIXthcenturies. Intrinsic to the development of a range of biological, geographical and sociological knowledge about Man and his milieu, an environmental biopolitics emerged, and from which we are not yet emancipated. While intergovernmental conferences on the “protection of environment” multiply, the study of such an environmental biopolitics could help change our perspective in the field of environmental politics (ecology) in order to raise the question of how environmental knowledge (savoirs environnementaux) came to develop within a political rationality that entails the governing of Man through his milieu.

Starting from a simple observation of apparent neglect, this thesis aims to explore the heritage of the land of Villa Ada, a city park in Rome Italy. To do so, this study relates historical narratives regarding this piece of land, from the earliest human presence to formation of the current park. The narratives help engage the reader with the past of this land, and to anchor it into the current landscape. An online survey was conducted to address how the park is perceived today and what meaning the visitors and neighbors associate to it. By connecting the past to the present, and then looking forward, this thesis can contribute in opening a discussion about Villa Ada’s fate and the strategies that can be implemented for its effective long-term management. / Partendo da una semplice osservazione di apparente abbandono, questa tesi mira ad esplorare il patrimonio del terreno di Villa Ada, un parco urbano di Roma. Per fare ciò, questo studio mette in relazione narrazioni storico-ambientali riguardanti questo terreno, dalla prima presenza umana alla formazione del parco attuale. Le narrazioni aiutano a coinvolgere il lettore con il passato di questa terra e ad ancorarlo nel paesaggio attuale. Nel contesto di questo studio, è stato condotto un questionario online per valutare come il parco è percepito oggi e quale significato i visitatori e i vicini vi associno. Collegando il passato al presente, e quindi guardando avanti, questa tesi può contribuire ad aprire una discussione sul futuro di Villa Ada e sulle strategie che potrebbero essere attuate per una gestione efficace a lungo termine.