xiv, 296 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: KNIGHT F853 .V64 2007 / This dissertation argues that Columbia River management and politics have been shaped ever since the New Deal by a conception of the Columbia River as the defining feature of the Pacific Northwest region. The study examines how that conception was developed, how it became institutionalized within and by a government agency, the Bonneville Power Administration, and what its impacts have been. Drawing on a mix of archival materials, published and unpublished secondary accounts, interviews, and the author's experience working on Columbia River policy, the dissertation shows that the definition of a Columbia River-centered Pacific Northwest was laid out in 1935 by the four-state Pacific Northwest Regional Planning Commission, influenced in part by a "regionalist" ideal of shared social and environmental well-being. It was institutionalized but narrowed into the federal BPA in 1937. Soon, a three-and-a-half-state Pacific Northwest consisting of Washington, Oregon, Idaho and western Montana was being knit together by shared transmission lines and uniformly inexpensive power rates, and by a federal power agency that positioned itself as a regional Chamber of Commerce. Since the Second World War, the Columbia River-centered Pacific Northwest has shaped its collective economic fortunes around exclusive regional access to BPA-provided Columbia River hydropower. But geographically distributed wealth did not end political conflict; private power companies, state governors, Native American tribes, and fish and wildlife agencies have had to be accommodated with distributions of BPA power and money. BPA-centered Columbia River management has through political conflict gradually expanded to serve wider interests, moving closer to the New Deal regionalist ideal. Yet in controversial decisions since 2000, Columbia River managers have chosen to risk wild salmon rather than breach federal Columbia River hydropower dams or allow Pacific Northwest power costs to escalate. They have done this because they have prioritized the most fundamental, and the most regional, Columbia River benefit of all: broadly shared inexpensive power. Understanding the opportunities and constraints of BPA-centered regional Columbia River management is essential in order to meet upcoming Columbia River policy challenges. / Adviser: Alexander B. Murphy

TORQUATO, Renata Ribeiro. Superando o estigma da seca a partir de estratégias de convivência com o semiárido: o modelo da comunidade de Sussuí, Quixadá, Ceará. 2011. 128 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Pograma de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2011 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-15T16:34:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_rrtorquato.pdf: 2857969 bytes, checksum: 7161e0c2254bf67b23806f62745638a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-15T16:34:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_rrtorquato.pdf: 2857969 bytes, checksum: 7161e0c2254bf67b23806f62745638a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T16:34:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_rrtorquato.pdf: 2857969 bytes, checksum: 7161e0c2254bf67b23806f62745638a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This Work has as purpose investigate the numerous strategies known as practices of acquaintanceship with the semiarid, having has a base the environmental history, the permaculture, the principles of agroecology and practices of environmental education. The study was carried out in the community of Sussuí, Quixadá, Ceará Central Hinterland, place where develops the Project of Community Integration with aid of Instituto Nordeste Cidadania – INEC. The dry’s problem is reassessed from a new perspective that seeks to live with the peculiarities and potentialities of the region. The drought’s problem doesn’t begin with lack of water and doesn’t end with arrival of rain station. There simply comes from the loss of agricultural production shortage, absence or rain’s irregularities. Fundamentally, the drought has direct connotations with periodic crises that affect the agricultural economy by unsuitability of crops produced with the conditions of potential and limitations of natural resources. In addition, others factors can aggravate like this, weathers change and the inappropriate manipulation of the natural resources. The Permaculture, the agroecology and the education work within the perspective of acquaintanceship with the semiarid, through of practices and alternatives handles that respect the environment ant optimizes the use of nature resource as well as guiding people to develop a new way of dealing with the peculiarities of a region subject to irregular rainfall. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as inúmeras estratégias de convivência com o semiárido, tendo como base a História Ambiental, a Permacultura, os princípios da Agroecologia e as práticas da Educação Ambiental em um processo participativo de troca de saberes. O estudo de caso foi realizado na comunidade de Sussuí, uma localidade do Sertão Central do Ceará, onde se desenvolve o Projeto de Integração Comunitária com o apoio do Instituto Nordeste Cidadania – INEC e parceria do Núcleo de Estudos e Práticas Permaculturais do Semiárido - NEPPSA. A problemática da seca é reavaliada neste estudo a partir de um novo olhar que busca conviver com as peculiaridades e potencialidades da região. O problema das secas não começa com a falta de água e nem termina com a chegada da estação chuvosa. Não é oriundo simplesmente da perda da produção agrícola por escassez, ausência ou irregularidade de chuvas. Fundamentalmente, a seca tem conotação direta com crises periódicas que afetam a economia agropecuária por inadaptação das lavouras produzidas com as condições de potencialidades e de limitações dos recursos naturais. Além desses, outros fatores podem agravar como, as mudanças climáticas e o manejo inadequado dos recursos naturais, contribuindo ao agravamento significativo das consequências resultantes da seca. A permacultura, a agroecologia e a educação ambiental trabalham dentro da perspectiva de convivência com o semiárido, através de práticas e manejos alternativos que respeitam o meio ambiente e otimizam o uso dos recursos naturais além de orientarem a população a desenvolver uma nova forma de lidar com as peculiaridades de uma região sujeita à irregularidade de chuvas.

Esta tese visa a construção de uma biografia histórica do engenheiro agrônomo e ambientalista José Lutzenberger (1926-2002). O objetivo é compreender de que maneira a trajetória de Lutzenberger se articula com a construção de uma ética ecológica, em meio às lutas que ele protagonizou ao longo de trinta e um anos de militância ambiental. O fio condutor da narrativa é a ética ecológica, pois foi o elemento central em seu trabalho, que orientava sua própria visão de como o mundo deveria ser se a humanidade adotasse uma postura que priorizasse a ecologia. Utilizou-se, entre outros acervos, principalmente documentação do Arquivo Privado de José Lutzenberger (APJL): correspondência, recortes de jornais e revistas, iconografia, obras de Lutzenberger e de terceiros, documentos pessoais e oficiais, textos de depoimentos, conferências e de entrevistas, charges, textos técnicos. Também fizemos uso de fontes orais. A tese está estruturada em oito capítulos, de acordo com as lutas e posições ocupadas por Lutzenberger, ao longo de sua trajetória, enfocando as principais campanhas ambientalistas em que se envolveu, o cargo de Secretário de Meio Ambiente no governo Collor, sua atuação como empresário de “tecnologias suaves”, seu trabalho com educação ambiental e agricultura ecológica. O trabalho também analisa as redes de relações tecidas pelo personagem e a abordagem teórica em que se embasou para criar sua ética ecológica, de caráter ecocêntrico. Foi possível avançar no entendimento do arcabouço intelectual de Lutzenberger, bem como na dinâmica de sua militância, oferecendo uma sistematização dos princípios do que chamamos a Ética Lutzenbergeriana, ou Ética do convívio ecossustentável. / This dissertation aims at constructing a historical biography of José Lutzenberger, agronomist and environmental engineer (1926-2002). This biography aids in observing how his trajectory is articulated with the construction of an ecological ethics amidst his protagonism in 31 years of environmental militancy. Ecological ethics conduces this narrative as this was the central element in his work, guiding his own view of how the world should be if Humanity adopted a posture that prioritized Ecology. The main documental source was his private archive (Arquivo Privado de José Lutzenberger - APJL). Other sources used were correspondence, news clippings, iconography, works by Lutzenberger and others, personal and official documents, textual testimonials, conferences and interviews, editorial cartoons, and technical texts. Oral sources have also been used. The 8-chapter structure of this dissertation delineates the positions occupied by Lutzenberger and his trajectory of fight, with focus on the main environmentalist campaigns with which he was involved, as well as his position as Secretary of the Environment during the Collor administration, his business in "soft technology", his work with ecological agriculture and environmental education. This study also presents analysis of the networks created around him, as well as the theoretical bases he used to create the ecological ethics with its eco-centric character. Advances in the understanding of Lutzenberger's intellectual outlines and of the dynamics of his militancy in this work offer a systematization of principles named the Lutzenbergerian Ethics, or the Ethics of Eco-sustainable Life.

Submitted by Josiane ribeiro (josiane.caic@gmail.com) on 2016-04-06T20:04:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 0000010616.pdf: 2336069 bytes, checksum: 58182cdbfbd93b1f32bfc75cd6fb082c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by cleuza maria medina dos santos (cleuzamai@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-15T16:41:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 0000010616.pdf: 2336069 bytes, checksum: 58182cdbfbd93b1f32bfc75cd6fb082c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T16:41:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 0000010616.pdf: 2336069 bytes, checksum: 58182cdbfbd93b1f32bfc75cd6fb082c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Buscou-se, neste trabalho, investigar, na perspectiva da Educação Ambiental crítica e transformadora, a Poluição Industrial no Estuário da Lagoa dos Patos (RS, Brasil), através de suas aproximações aos campos da História Ambiental, Justiça Ambiental e Gestão Ambiental, bem como sua correlação com a produção acadêmica do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Esta tese foi desenvolvida junto à linha de pesquisa de ―Educação Ambiental: Ensino e Formação de Educadores‖ (EAEFE) do PPGEA-FURG, por articular a discussão do processo de formação de pesquisadores-educadores ambientais da Universidade, focalizado na abordagem sobre a Poluição Industrial, uma das questões socioambientais mais adversas e comprometedoras da qualidade de vida regional. Para tal, foi realizada a revisão bibliográfica e a integração dos dados dispersos relativos ao processo de industrialização regional, os riscos e impactos socioambientais da poluição industrial gerada. Paralelamente, foi efetuada a compilação e análise do conjunto de dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado produzidas nos vinte anos do PPGEA (1994-2014). Os resultados descrevem, por um lado, um grande conjunto de conflitos e impactos agudos e crônicos da poluição industrial na região. Por outro ângulo, os resultados indicam uma reduzida amostra da produção do PPGEA direcionada ao tema de pesquisa; porém, apesar de reduzida, esta produção mostra-se crítica e propositiva ao discutir o tema, seus sujeitos/atores, suas causas e repercussões. Por fim, discutem-se as possíveis causas para o fenômeno da invisibilidade relativa do tema de pesquisa, procurando relacionar o papel institucional da Universidade na concepção de um modelo de desenvolvimento regional, social e ambientalmente referenciado. Esta tese reflete também o perfil e trajetória profissional do autor, atuante na Gestão e Educação Ambiental, como pesquisador associado ao ―Laboratório de Gerenciamento Costeiro‖ (Instituto de Oceanografia), e colaborador do ―Observatório dos Conflitos Socioambientais‖ e do ―Grupo de Pesquisa em Justiça Ambiental‖ da FURG, na perspectiva de construção coletiva de um patamar de sustentabilidade e justiça socioambiental regional. / We sought in this study, to investigate, from the perspective of critical and transformative Environmental Education, the Industrial Pollution in the estuary of Patos Lagoon (RS, Brazil), through its approaches to the field of Environmental History, Environmental Justice and Environmental Management, as well as their correlation with the academic production of the Post-Graduate in Environmental Education, Federal University of Rio Grande. This thesis was developed by the line research of "Environmental Education: Education and Training of Educators" (EAEFE) of PPGEA-FURG for joint discussion of the training of environmental educators, researchers at the University process, focused in approach to pollution industrial, one of the most adverse environmental issues and compromising the quality of regional life. To this end, the literature review and the integration of scattered data on the regional industrialization process, risks and social and environmental impacts of industrial pollution generated was performed. In parallel, we make the compilation and analysis of all the dissertations and doctoral theses produced in the twenty years of PPGEA (1994-2014). The results describe, on the one hand, a large group of acute and chronic conflicts and impacts in the area of industrial pollution. From another angle, the results indicate a small sample of the production of PPGEA directed the research topic; however, although reduced, this production proves critical and purposeful to discuss the theme, its subjects / actors, its causes and consequences. Finally, we discuss the possible causes for the phenomenon of relative invisibility of the research topic, trying to relate the institutional role of the University in designing a model of regional, social and environmentally referenced development. This thesis also reflects the profile and career of the author, active in Environmental Management and Education, as associated with the "Laboratory of Coastal Management" (Institute of Oceanography), researcher and contributor to the "Observatory of Social and Environmental Conflict" and "Research Group Environmental Justice "FURG, from the perspective of collective construction of a regional level of sustainability and environmental justice.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-07-13T14:46:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sergio Almeida Loiola - 2008.pdf: 8340219 bytes, checksum: d4fb709fa7802997bc72578936b7ddfa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-07-13T14:48:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sergio Almeida Loiola - 2008.pdf: 8340219 bytes, checksum: d4fb709fa7802997bc72578936b7ddfa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T14:48:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sergio Almeida Loiola - 2008.pdf: 8340219 bytes, checksum: d4fb709fa7802997bc72578936b7ddfa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Brazilian geography has been disregarding the territorial dynamics before 16th century, contributing to the invisibility of the autochthonous societies and the demands for the theme. In order to reduce this invisibility, this research investigated the ancestrais of the karajá society, using bibliographical source archaeological, especially of the archaeological phase Aruanã, between 12th and 13th centuries, in the basin of the river Vermelho, right tributary of the high basin of the river Araguaia. The research presents since the initial occupation of the continent until the production of the space in the basin of the river Vermelho, evidenced in the use of techniques of interaction with the landscape. Simultaneously, resulted an approach proposal of the past before 16th century, initial arguments to a geography of the past distant, using archaeological information and paleoenvironmental interpreted through post-processual archaeological school, ethnogeography and environmental history. With support in the physical, biological and social trilogy of the landscape it investigates the environmental dynamics and social, understanding the marks and the material culture in the landscape as a space memory. In the attempt of to accomplish social and environmental analyses and to integrate different disciplines, it incorporates complexity principles in the construction of a complex method, able to dialogue with objects and actions social-environmental systems in the space-time. / A geografia brasileira tem desconsiderado a dinâmica territorial e ambiental anterior ao século XVI, o que contribui para invisibilizar as sociedades autóctones e limitar o tema ambiental. Diante disso, essa pesquisa visou investigar os antepassados da sociedade Karajá, a partir de fontes bibliográficas arqueológicas, especialmente a fase arqueológica Aruanã, entre os séculos XII e XIII, ocorrida na Bacia do Rio Vermelho, afluente da margem direita do alto Rio Araguaia. De cunho exploratório, a pesquisa expõe desde a ocupação inicial do continente até a (re)produção do espaço na bacia do Rio Vermelho, evidenciadas no uso das técnicas de interação com a paisagem. Simultaneamente, do esforço de superar as limitações resultou uma proposta de abordagem do passado anterior ao século XVI, argumentos iniciais a uma geografia do passado distante, que busca nas informações arqueológicas e paleoambientais suas fontes, sob o viés interpretativo da escola arqueológica pós-processual, etnogeografia e história ambiental. Parte da trilogia física, biológica e social da paisagem para investigar tanto a dinâmica ambiental quanto social, entendendo as marcas e a cultura material na paisagem como memória sócioespacial. Na tentativa de realizar análises sócioambientais e aproximar diferentes disciplinas, incorpora princípios de complexidade na estruturação de um método complexo que seja capaz de lidar com sistemas de objetos e ações sócioambientais no espaço-tempo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisabete Priedols.pdf: 6361542 bytes, checksum: 0669759e1bffb6ec82103433c77ffcdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-08 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This work is dedicated to retrieve the path of the Forest Museum "Octavio Vecchi" since its conception by analyzing the environmental concern spread in its eighty years of existence. Since there is lack of previous approaches, this exploratory and descriptive case study is characterized by document analysis, interviews and direct observation. Stand out characters interposed in the institution's history, who helped directly or indirectly to interdisciplinarily diversify its legacy. Iniciating in 1931, in Sao Paulo, the museum was created for scientific purposes and for the study of forestry in Brazil. It became clear at the beginning of this investigation the museum special concern on educational aspects and spreading of an environmental culture. Following the path levels suggested by Donald Worster to write Environmental History, the analysis of both documents and interviews started from a holistic look at the museum visitors speech searching for environmental awareness. We conclude that the relevance of this institution and its founder in the production of knowledge and construction of environmental concerns in order to reforest São Paulo and Brazil amid the spread of a culture of forests , would be included as references to Brazilian environmental history and be object of study and source of research, aiming at future academic and literary works / Este trabalho se dedica a resgatar a trajetória do Museu Florestal Octávio Vecchi desde a sua idealização, analisando o pensamento ambiental disseminado em seus oitenta anos de existência. Vista a escassez de abordagens anteriores sobre o assunto, este estudo de caso exploratório-descritivo caracteriza-se pelo uso e análise de documentos, entrevistas e observação direta. Permeando a história da instituição, destacam-se personagens que, direta ou indiretamente, contribuíram para diversificar o seu legado de maneira interdisciplinar. Inaugurado em 1931 na cidade de São Paulo, o museu foi criado para fins científicos e para o estudo da silvicultura brasileira. Mas, no início desta investigação, ficou evidente a ênfase dada à dimensão educacional e à propagação de uma cultura ambiental. Tomando como fio condutor um dos níveis sugeridos por Donald Worster para se escrever a História Ambiental, a análise, tanto dos documentos quanto das entrevistas realizadas, partiu do olhar holístico no discurso dos frequentadores do museu, procurando detectar a conscientização ambiental. Conclui-se que, pela relevância da produção de conhecimentos e construção de significados ambientais visando o reflorestamento de São Paulo e do Brasil, em meio à disseminação de uma cultura de florestas , a instituição e seu idealizador poderiam constar como referências para a história ambiental brasileira como objeto de estudo e como fonte de pesquisa, vislumbrando futuros trabalhos acadêmicos e literários

O presente trabalho discute sobre os referenciais conceituais e metodológicos que subsidiam o Trabalho de Campo denominado Expedição pelo riacho do Ipiranga com a intenção de promover reflexões acerca das relações existentes entre história, ciências naturais e ambiente, através do Jardim Botânico de São Paulo e do Museu Paulista circunscritos na microbacia hidrográfica do Ipiranga. Apresentamos primeiramente a origem da proposta didática e os outros contextos em que o trabalho já foi aplicado mostrando que, embora todos possuam o mesmo recorte, por ser um instrumento educativo, a sua construção é permanente, depende do contexto e dos atores que estão envolvidos. Dentre esses distintos momentos, optamos por focar na disciplina História das ciências no Brasil, situada no programa de pós-graduação da Faculdade de Educação (USP) e, por meio de entrevistas, trouxemos o olhar dos alunos sobre a Expedição para compreender de que modo eles apreendem a prática em campo. Consideramos que as apreensões dos alunos se relacionam a construção de uma visão mais crítica acerca das ciências e da historicidade dos espaços percorridos. Esse sentido vai de encontro com uma historiografia além da ciência europeia que, desenvolvida dentro de um processo de ensino que se propõe a construir relações contextualizadas sobre as ciências, nesse caso a disciplina, pode proporcionar olhares holísticos a respeito da História das ciências no Brasil. Através dessa perspectiva, a Expedição e a construção do nosso estudo são subsidiados situando as instituições científicas ao papel que os jardins botânicos e os museus desempenharam na constituição da historia natural. Essa articulação é desenvolvida a partir da História das ciências, história ambiental e educação ambiental crítica. Utilizamos como figura principal da nossa narrativa o botânico Frederico Carlos Hoehne que ligado aos pressupostos políticos, científicos e sociais da época possuía aspirações conservacionistas, estéticas, educacionais e nacionalistas para o JBSP, por exemplo. Em conjunto a isso também discutimos novos significados para as águas paulistanas que, assim como as áreas verdes percorridas na Expedição, foram manuseadas e usadas de acordo com as premissas de um determinado tempo e espaço. Sob esse enfoque percebemos o intenso processo de urbanização de São Paulo ocultando drasticamente seus córregos, riachos e rios, transformações pautadas principalmente no discurso científico que começa a se situar em outro patamar social a partir da Revolução Científica e Tecnológica no século XVIII. Essa articulação teórica (levantamento bibliográfico e documentação histórica) e prática (saídas de campo e entrevistas com os alunos) permitiu entender a complexidade dos ambientes, a importância de estudos históricos para se olhar a natureza e resgatar a historicidade das ciências no país através de espaços importantes para a cidade paulista até os dias de hoje. Assim como as particularidades das vivências de cada aluno, situando a Expedição como uma proposta que valoriza as singularidades de cada experiência, não desejando que os envolvidos entendam o campo de maneira única e formatada. / The present work discusses the conceptual and methodological references that subsidize the fieldwork called The Ipiranga creek expedition with the intention of promoting reflections about the relationships between history, natural science and environment, through the Botanical Garden of São Paulo and the Paulista Museum circumscribed by the Ipiranga River micro watershed. Firstly, we present the origin of the didactic proposal and other contexts in which the work has been carried out showing that, even though all of them present the same views, its construction is permanent due to the fact that it is an educational tool and it depends on its context and the authors involved. Throughout these distinct moments, we have chosen to focus on the history of science in Brazil subject which integrates the College of Education postgraduate program (USP) and, by carrying out interviews, we brought about the students views on the Expedition to understand the ways in which they had learnt their practice in the field. We consider that the students insecurities are related to the creation of a more critical view on the sciences and the historicity of the areas explored. This meets a historiography which goes beyond the European science that was developed in the teaching process aimed at creating contextualized science relationships. In this case the subject can provide holistic views on the history of science in Brazil. From this perspective, the Expedition and the planning of our study are both subsidized taking into account the scientific institutions and the role that the botanical gardens and the museums have played on the natural history constitution. This articulation is developed from science history, environmental history and critical environmental education. We choose the botanist Frederico Carlos Hoehne as the main figure of our narrative. He was linked to political, scientific and social assumptions from his time and had conservationist, aesthetic, educational and nationalist aspirations for JBSP, for example. Other than this, we also discuss new meanings to the waters in São Paulo, like the green areas explored throughout the Expedition which were handled and used according to the assumptions of that specific time and space. From this perspective we realize the intense process of urbanization in São Paulo, dramatically hiding its streams, creeks and rivers, transformations mainly based on the scientific speech that begins to take place at a different social level from the Scientific and Technological Revolution in the eighteenth century. This theoretical articulation (literature and historical documentation) and practice (fieldwork and students interviews) allowed me to understand the complexity of the environments, the importance of the historical studies in order to see the nature and rescue the historicity of science through important spaces in the city of São Paulo until today. The particularities of each students experience were also taken into account, assessing the Expedition as a proposal that values the singularities of each experience, preventing the students involved from having a single and narrow view of the field.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Adao_Jose_Vital_da_Costa.pdf: 1518848 bytes, checksum: 700248ad2477175b136922acfdf8a342 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-02 / This piece of research focuses on the contributions of Josué de Castro s historicalenvironmental and agro ecosystemic pioneering ideas in the reflection and dissemination of the agro ecological thought in Brazil. The agro exporting landlordism and family units of food production are analyzed along the Brazilian civilizing process by the historical-dialectic method. Upon using secondary sources, this analysis represents both a theoretical and a reflexive exercise on the constructive potential of historical-environmental perceptions towards the investigative specter of the complex Brazilian land universe, once different interaction strategies between society and nature are multiplied not only by the diversity of human groups but also by ecosystem heterogeneities. From that, an approach is reached which searches to identify in Josué de Castro s vast and relevant work how harmful monoculture farm production systems have been, both culturally and socio-environmentally, for food sustainability strategies. Upon exposing the reductionism of technical and mercantile models that have been historically adopted by Brazilian farming, we aim to contribute to the recognition of the importance of family production systems as adequate loci which can guarantee food safety on an agro ecological basis. / Esta pesquisa trata sobre as contribuições do pioneirismo histórico-ambiental e agroecossistêmico de Josué de Castro para reflexão e difusão do pensamento agroecológico no Brasil. Por intermédio do método histórico dialético analisamos, comparativamente, o latifúndio agroexportador e as unidades familiares de produção alimentar, buscando compreender a natureza e a extensão dos impactos socioambientais dos dois agroecossistemas, nos tempos e espaços, ao longo do processo civilizatório brasileiro. Utilizando-se de fontes secundárias, representa um exercício teórico e reflexivo sobre o potencial contributivo das percepções históricoambientais para o espectro investigativo do complexo universo agrário brasileiro, uma vez que as diferentes estratégias de interação entre sociedade e natureza se pluralizam não somente pela diversidade cultural dos grupos humanos, mas também, pelas heterogeneidades dos ecossistemas. A partir disso, constitui em uma abordagem que procura identificar, na vasta e relevante obra de Josué de Castro, o quanto os sistemas de produção agrícola monocultores foram nocivos, cultural e sociambientalmente, para as estratégias de sustentabilidade alimentar. Ao expor o reducionismo dos modelos técnicos e mercantis adotados historicamente na agricultura brasileira, acreditamos contribuir para o reconhecimento da importância dos sistemas de produção familiar, enquanto lócus adequado para garantir a segurança alimentar de base agroecológica.

What happened in the post-Soviet, European grain-belt after collective farms were dissolved and in what way can we say that collective farm legacies influence agrarian developments in this region today? These are the main questions of this thesis, which is a work of critical human geography, but is also inspired by theories, methods and approaches from the social sciences, broadly defined. Territorially, the focus is Ukraine, but several articles in this thesis take a wider geographic perspective beyond Ukraine, in particular taking into account the role of Nordic investors in the agrarian sector in Ukraine and Russia. The main aim of this thesis is to examine how farms of different sizes – from small peasant farms to super large corporate farms – develop and change in post-communist circumstances. Another purpose is to reinterpret Soviet agrarian history, in light of what happened after the collapse of communism, in order to incorporate the Soviet experience in a global historical narrative, and to better understand the legacy of collective farming today. These issues are explored in four papers and a comprehensive summary. The first article examines small-scale, household “peasant” agriculture in southern Ukraine and shows the conditions and factors, which have contributed to an impressive intensification of farming in certain villages. The second article investigates large-scale, Nordic investments in Ukrainian and Russian agriculture, with the aim of explaining why many (but not all) such investments have not succeeded to the degree that investors hoped. The third paper focuses on the legacy and afterlife of Soviet-era investments in large-scale irrigation in southern Ukraine, and uses the post-Soviet reincarnation of irrigation in this region to problematize traditional narratives on Soviet environmental management in a global context. The fourth paper, with a wider historical lens, explains the link between collective farms and today’s agroholding agriculture in much of the region, while also discussing the sustainability crisis in agriculture both in a Soviet and post-Soviet context, concluding with a description of a possible and ironic (but by no means inevitable) scenario whereby post-Soviet agriculture saves global capitalism.  Theoretically, this thesis is informed by agrarian political economy; related, contemporary debates on the financialization of agriculture; and critical human geography discussions on uneven development and the geographies of difference. This thesis also is inspired by Actor Network Theory, and the view that reality is constituted by hybrid subject-objects, which are instantiated through the agency of an assemblage or network of different actors, material things, discourses, institutions, etc... While such Actor Network approaches are certainly not new, their application to Soviet and post-Soviet change is relatively new. The source material, which is the basis for the empirical approach of this thesis, is eclectic, and produced via mixed methods from different locations. Analysis is based on interviews (75 interviews in southern Ukraine, in Kyiv, and in Stockholm, plus 28 visits to household farms in one study village in southern Ukraine); participant observation (carried out in the study village in southern Ukraine and in corporate shareholder meetings mostly in Stockholm); various texts, such as corporate documents and newspaper commentary; agricultural statistics; and satellite data.  Among other conclusions, this thesis argues that, given certain factors, small-scale, household agriculture can be viable, at the same time that the concentration and consolidation of agriculture into large-scale holdings is likely to continue, at least in the short term. This thesis also highlights similarities between Soviet and capitalist agriculture in a global historical context, which is one reason that the transformation from Soviet to capitalist agriculture could occur so fast in some areas. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

The St. Lawrence Seaway and Power Project, built cooperatively between 1954 and 1959 by Canada and the United States, is the largest navigable inland waterway in the world and the largest borderlands project ever undertaken jointly by two countries. This thesis combines diplomatic, political, and environmental history to chart the course of domestic and international negotiations, particularly in the 1945-1954 period, that resulted in the bilateral 1954 agreement to build the seaway. The focus is on the Canadian federal government and to a lesser extent the U.S. federal government, as well as involved state and provincial governments and their public power utilities. These negotiations are extremely revealing in terms of the history of Canadian-American relations, and this thesis also examines issues connected to North American attitudes toward water resources, state-building, high modernism, and technology in the early Cold War period. After a number of failed attempts at a cooperative waterway, in the late 1940s the Liberal government of Louis St. Laurent began to explore the possibility of an all-Canadian seaway, and backed by widespread public support, had adopted this as policy by 1952. The drive for an all-Canadian seaway stemmed from various forms of nationalism which framed the St. Lawrence as an exclusively “Canadian” resource that was intimately tied to Canadian identity. However, the Truman administration and different American interests deemed a unilateral Canadian waterway to be an economic and national security threat to the United States, and delayed the requisite power licenses needed for Canada to undertake the transborder St. Lawrence project. Canada partly contributed to this situation by repeatedly making vague offers to leave the door open for American involvement in the hopes that this would expedite the hydro aspect of the project. The Eisenhower administration also stalled Ottawa’s efforts to “go it alone” until American participation was finally sanctioned by Congress in 1954 and the requisite licenses were granted. The St. Laurent government then reluctantly acquiesced to the American desire for a joint endeavour in order to maintain harmonious Canada-U.S. relations, although Canada did extract key concessions from Washington about the shape and placement of the project.