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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Obstrução de Euler de aplicações analíticas / Euler obstruction of analytic maps

Nivaldo de Góes Grulha Júnior 28 November 2007 (has links)
Neste trabalho determinamos relações entre a obstrução de Euler de uma função analítica com singularidade isolada f e o número de Milnor de f definido por Bruce e Roberts para funções definidas em espaços singulares. Apresentamos também uma generalização da obstrução de Euler de uma função analítica com singularidade isolada para o caso de uma aplicação \'f : (V, 0) seta (\'C POT. k\', 0) onde (V, 0) é o germe de uma variedade analítica complexa, equidimensional de dimensão \' n > OU = k\' , e uma fórmula para calcular a obstrução de Euler de k-referenciais, em termos da obstrução de Euler de f / In this work we determine relations between the local Euler obstruction of an analytic function singular at the origin to the case of a analytic map \'f : (V, 0) seta (\'C POT. k, 0\'), where (V, 0) is the germ of a complex analytic variety, equidimensional of dimension \' n > OU = k\', and a formula which computes the local Euler obstruction, defined for k-frames, in the local Euler obstruction of f
92

Números irracionais: e e / Irrational numbers: \'pi\' e e

Silvana de Lourdes Gálio Spolaor 11 July 2013 (has links)
Nesta dissertação são apresentadas algumas propriedades de números reais. Descrevemos de maneira breve os conjuntos numéricos N, Z, Q e R e apresentamos demonstrações detalhadas da irracionalidade dos números \'pi\' e e. Também, apresentamos um texto sobre o número e, menos técnico e mais intuitivo, na tentativa de auxiliar o professor no preparo de aulas sobre o número e para alunos do Ensino Médio, bem como, alunos de cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática / In this thesis we present some properties of real numbers. We describe briefly the numerical sets N, Z, Q and R, and we present detailed proofs of irrationality of numbers \'pi\' and e. We also present a text about the number e less technical and more intuitive in an attempt to assist the teacher in preparing lessons about number e for High School students as well as for Teaching degree in Mathematics students
93

Estabilidade não-linear de soluções estacionárias das equações de Euler incompressíveis com simetria helicoidal / Non-linear stability for steady solutions of incompressible Euler equations with helical symmetry

Benvenutti, Maicon José, 1985- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Helena Judith Nussenzveig Lopes, Milton da Costa Lopes Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T23:48:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Benvenutti_MaiconJose_D.pdf: 1286407 bytes, checksum: 1303364ce9343f87bf8bf6fddeb273be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, abordamos questões de existência de soluções fracas e de estabilidade não-linear para as equações de Euler incompressíveis. Mais precisamente, analisamos dois tópicos distintos dentro destes assuntos. No primeiro, consideramos as equações de Euler sob a simetria helicoidal e com a restrição geométrica de ser livre de rodopio. Assim, utilizando as reduções provenientes da simetria, estendemos as técnicas de estabilidade desenvolvidas por Burton e por Wan e Pulvirenti para o caso helicoidal. Consequentemente, para um domínio helicoidal, simplesmente conexo, suave e limitado nos planos horizontais, demonstramos que o ponto de máximo estrito da energia cinética restrito à classe de rearranjos de uma função helicoidal qualquer é uma vorticidade helicoidal estacionária e estável num sentido não-linear. Além disto, em um domínio cilíndrico, mostramos também que há uma vorticidade helicoidal estacionária e estável que pode ser vista como uma extensão do vortex patch circular. No segundo tópico, consideramos as equações de Euler bidimensionais e com dados iniciais que não decaem no infinito. Demonstramos que os vortex patches iniciais abrangidos pelo Teorema de Existência de Soluções de Serfati (isto é, soluções com velocidades e vorticidades limitadas) não podem conter bolas arbitrariamente grandes. Além disto, construímos um contra exemplo de um vortex patch com velocidade associada limitada e tal que existe um subconjunto cujo vortex patch não possui uma velocidade associada limitada / Abstract: In this work, we approach issues regarding weak solutions existences and nonlinear stability for the incompressible Euler equations. More precisely, we analyze two distinct issues within these topics. At first, we consider the Euler equations with helical symmetry and with no swirl. Then, we use the reduction through symmetry to extend the stability techniques developed by Burton and by Wan and Pulvirenti to the helical case. Consequently, for a simply connected, bounded in horizontal planes and smooth helical domain, we prove that the strict maximiser of kinetic energy relative to all rearrangement of an arbitrary helical function is a steady and stable helical vorticity. Furthermore, in a cylindrical domain, we also prove that there exists a steady and stable helical vorticity which can be seen as an extension of the circular vortex patch. On the second issue, we consider the two-dimensional Euler equations and with initial data that do not decay at infinity. We show that initial vortex patches covered by Serfati Existence of Solutions Theorem (that is, solutions with bounded velocities and vorticities) cannot contain arbitrarily large balls. In addition, we construct a counterexample of a vortex patch for which there exists an associated bounded velocity and such that there exists a subset in which the vortex patch does not have any associated bounded velocity / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática
94

Escoamentos incompressíveis com viscosidade pequena em torno de obstáculos distantes / Incompressible flows around a distant obstacle and the vanishing viscosity limit

Silva, Luiz Alberto Viana, 1984- 08 October 2012 (has links)
Orientadores: Helena Judith Nussenzveig Lopes, Milton da Costa Lopes Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T02:48:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LuizAlbertoViana_D.pdf: 1535000 bytes, checksum: dc971611cbda75b2a6dd72a0bd80d05f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Um problema clássico em aberto é determinar se, em domínios com fronteira, soluções das equações de Navier-Stokes convergem, em um sentido apropriado, a uma solução das equações de Euler quando a viscosidade do fluido tende a zero. Baseados nesta importante questão, Kelliher, Lopes Filho e Nussenzveig Lopes examinaram, em [21], o comportamento de escoamentos com viscosidade pequena em domínios limitados com fronteira afastada, e descreveram condições precisas para que o escoamento limite fosse regido pelas equações de Euler no espaço todo. O presente trabalho é uma continuação natural do artigo mencionado, pois analisamos a dinâmica de escoamentos tridimensionais incompressíveis com viscosidade pequena em torno de obstáculos distantes. Mais precisamente, apresentamos uma estimativa fina que indica um comportamento assintótico para famílias de soluções das equações de Navier-Stokes em termos da viscosidade do escoamento e da localização do obstáculo, e contrastamos a referida estimativa com aquela demonstrada no contexto dos escoamentos em domínios limitados / Abstract: It is a classical open problem to determine if the vanishing viscosity limit can be established in the presence of boundaries. Based on this important issue, Kelliher, Lopes Filho and Nussenzveig Lopes studied in [21] the behavior of viscous incompresible flow in an expanding bounded domain when the viscosity is very small. To be more precise, these three authors described conditions under which the limiting flow satisfies the full space Euler equations. The present work is natural continuation of the aforementioned research since we consider 3D incompressible viscous flows around a distant obstacle along with the vanishing viscosity limit. Specificly, we obtain such a polynomial decay which shows an asymptotic behavior of families of 3D incompressible viscous flows, in the exterior of a single smooth obstacle, in terms of both the obstacle position and the small viscosity. Our approach allows us to compare our rate of convergence to that ones proved in [21] / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática
95

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF EVAPORATING SPRAYS IN COMPLEX GEOMETRIES USING EULERIAN AND LAGRANGIAN METHODS

Jaegle, Félix 14 December 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Dû aux efforts apportés à la réduction des émissions de NOx dans des chambres de combustion aéronautiques il y a une tendance récente vers des systèmes à combustion pauvre. Cela résulte dans l'apparition de nouveaux types d'injecteur qui sont caractérisés par une complexité géométrique accrue et par des nouvelles stratégies pour l'injection du carburant liquide, comme des systèmes multi-point. Les deux éléments créent des exigences supplémentaires pour des outils de simulation numériques. La simulation à grandes échelles (SGE ou LES en anglais) est aujourd'hui considérée comme la méthode la plus prometteuse pour capturer des phénomènes d'écoulement complexes qui apparaissent dans une telle application. Dans le présent travail, deux sujets principaux sont abordés: Le premier est le traitement de la paroi ce qui nécessite une modélisation qui reste délicate en SGE, en particulier dans des géométries complexes. Une nouvelle méthode d'implémentation pour des lois de paroi est proposée. Une étude dans une géométrie réaliste démontre que la nouvelle formulation donne de meilleurs résultats comparé à l'implémentation classique. Ensuite, la capacité d'une approche SGE typique (utilisant des lois de paroi) de prédire la perte de charge dans une géométrie représentative est analysée et des sources d'erreur sont identifiées. Le deuxième sujet est la simulation du carburant liquide dans une chambre de combustion. Avec des méthodes Eulériennes et Lagrangiennes, deux approches sont disponibles pour cette tâche. La méthode Eulérienne considère un spray de gouttelettes comme un milieu continu pour lequel on peut écrire des équations de transport. Dans la formulation Lagrangienne, des gouttes individuelles sont suivies ce qui mène à des équations simples. D'autre part, sur le plan numérique, le grand nombre de gouttes à traiter peut s'avérer délicat. La comparaison des deux méthodes sous conditions identiques (solveur gazeux, modèles physiques) est un aspect central du présent travail. Les phénomènes les plus importants dans ce contexte sont l'évaporation ainsi que le problème d'injection d'un jet liquide dans un écoulement gazeux transverse ce qui correspond à une version simplifiée d'un système multi-point. Le cas d'application final est la configuration d'un seul injecteur aéronautique, monté dans un banc d'essai expérimental. Ceci permet d'appliquer de manière simultanée tous les développements préliminaires de ce travail. L'écoulement considéré est non-réactif mais à part cela il correspond au régime ralenti d'un moteur d'avion. Dû aux conditions préchauffées, le spray issu du sstème d'injection multi-point s'évapore dans la chambre. Cet écoulement est simulé, utilisant les approaches Eulériennes et Lagrangiennes et les résultats sont comparés aux données expérimentales.
96

Simulation of the cavitating flow in a model oil hydraulic spool valve using different model approaches

Schümichen, Michel, Rüdiger, Frank, Fröhlich, Jochen, Weber, Jürgen January 2016 (has links)
The contribution compares results of Large Eddy Simulations of the cavitating flow in a model oil hydraulic spool valve using an Euler-Euler and a one-way coupled Euler- Lagrange model. The impact of the choice of the empirical constants in the Kunz cavitation model is demonstrated. Provided these are chosen appropriately the approach can yield reasonable agreement with the corresponding experiment. The one-way Euler-Lagrange model yields less agreement. It is demonstrated that this is due to the lack of realistic volumetric coupling, rarely accounted for in this type of method. First results of such an algorithm are presented featuring substantially more realism.
97

Ensino e aprendizagem de poliedros regulares via a teoria de Van Hiele com origami /

Ferreira, Fabricio Eduardo. January 2013 (has links)
Orientador: Rita de Cássia Pavani Lamas / Banca: Vanderlei Minori Horita / Banca: Edna Maura Zuffi / O PROFMAT - Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional é coordenado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática e realizado por uma rede de Instituições de Ensino Superior. / Resumo: De acordo com as atuais diretrizes pertinentes ao ensino de matemática (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais : Matemática e Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo: Matemática), este trabalho baseia-se na Teoria de Van Hiele, visando a aprendizagem de conceitos geométricos, em particular a aprendizagem de poliedros regulares, através da confecção de dobraduras (origami). Iniciando com uma abordagem histórica sobre poliedro, apresenta orientações para o uso de origami em sala de aula, delineia as principais características da Teoria de Van Hiele, além de retomar os principais conceitos matemáticos associados aos poliedros. Utilizando este arcabouço é proposta uma sequência de atividades de sondagem e aplicação de conceitos geométricos respeitando as fases de aprendizagem de Van Hiele, visando a conclusão por parte do aluno, da existência de apenas cinco poliedros regulares. Após a execução das atividades propostas, as demonstrações dos teoremas relacionados aos poliedros apresentados neste trabalho servirão para a sistematização das conclusões feitas pelos alunos, sempre respeitando o nível de Van Hiele em que se encontrem. Apresenta, ainda, atividades de exploração das características dos poliedros através do Teorema de Euler para poliedros convexos / Abstract: According to the current guidelines relevant to teaching mathematics (National Curriculum: Mathematics, and Curricular Proposal of the State of São Paulo: Mathematics) this work is based on Van Hiele, and aimed at learning of geometric concepts, particularly learning regular polyhedra, by paperfolding (origami). Starting with a historical approach of polyhedron, this work presents guidelines for the use of origami in the classroom, outlines the main features of the Van Hiele theory, and resume the main mathematical concepts associated with polyhedra. Using this framework, a sequence of activities is proposed and the applying of geometric concepts respecting the learning phases of Van Hiele, which aims deduction by the student, of the existence of only five regular polyhedra. After execution of the proposed activities, the proof of theorems related to polyhedra presented in this paper will serve to systematize the conclusions made by the students, always respecting the level of Van Hiele who are. It presents further exploration of the characteristics of polyhedra by Euler's theorem for convex polyhedra / Mestre
98

Perturbed polyhedra and the construction of local Euler-Maclaurin formulas

Fischer, Benjamin Parker 12 August 2016 (has links)
A polyhedron P is a subset of a rational vector space V bounded by hyperplanes. If we fix a lattice in V , then we may consider the exponential integral and sum, two meromorphic functions on the dual vector space which serve to generalize the notion of volume of and number of lattice points contained in P, respectively. In 2007, Berline and Vergne constructed an Euler-Maclaurin formula that relates the exponential sum of a given polyhedron to the exponential integral of each face. This formula was "local", meaning that the coefficients in this formula had certain properties independent of the given polyhedron. In this dissertation, the author finds a new construction for this formula which is very different from that of Berline and Vergne. We may 'perturb' any polyhedron by tranlsating its bounding hyperplanes. The author defines a ring of differential operators R(P) on the exponential volume of the perturbed polyhedron. This definition is inspired by methods in the theory of toric varieties, although no knowledge of toric varieties is necessary to understand the construction or the resulting Euler-Maclaurin formula. Each polyhedron corresponds to a toric variety, and there is a dictionary between combinatorial properties of the polyhedron and algebro-geometric properties of this variety. In particular, the equivariant cohomology ring and the group of equivariant algebraic cycles on the corresponding toric variety are equal to a quotient ring and subgroup of R(P), respectively. Given an inner product (or, more generally, a complement map) on V , there is a canonical section of the equivariant cohomology ring into the group of algebraic cycles. One can use the image under this section of a particular differential operator called the Todd class to define the Euler-Maclaurin formula. The author shows that this formula satisfies the same properties which characterize the Berline-Vergne formula.
99

Diagrammes d'Euler pour la visualisation de communautés et d'ensembles chevauchants

Simonetto, Paolo 02 December 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une méthode pour la visualisation d'ensembles chevauchant et de basé sur les diagrammes d'Euler. Les diagrammes d'Euler sont probablement les plus intuitifs pour représenter de manière schématique les ensembles qui partagent des éléments. Cette métaphore visuelle est ainsi un outil puissant en termes de visualisation d'information. Cependant, la génération automatique de ces diagrammes présente encore de nombreux problèmes difficiles. Premièrement, tous les clustering chevauchants ne peuvent pas être dessinées avec les diagrammes d'Euler classiques. Deuxièmement, la plupart des algorithmes existants permettent uniquement de représenter les diagrammes de dimensions modestes. Troisièmement, les besoins des applications réelles requièrent un processus plus fiable et plus rapide. Dans cette thèse, nous décrivons une version étendue des diagrammes d'Euler. Cette extension permet de modéliser l'ensemble des instances de la classe des clustering chevauchants. Nous proposons ensuite un algorithme automatique de génération de cette extension des diagrammes d'Euler. Enfin, nous présentons une implémentation logicielle et des expérimentations de ce nouvel algorithme.
100

Formation and construction of a shock wave for 3-D compressible Euler equations with spherical initial data

Yin, Huicheng January 2002 (has links)
In this paper, the problem on formation and construction of a shock wave for three dimensional compressible Euler equations with the small perturbed spherical initial data is studied. If the given smooth initial data satisfies certain nondegenerate condition, then from the results in [20], we know that there exists a unique blowup point at the blowup time such that the first order derivates of smooth solution blow up meanwhile the solution itself is still continuous at the blowup point. From the blowup point, we construct a weak entropy solution which is not uniformly Lipschitz continuous on two sides of shock curve, moreover the strength of the constructed shock is zero at the blowup point and then gradually increases. Additionally, some detailed and precise estimates on the solution are obtained in the neighbourhood of the blowup point.

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