Composé à la fin de 406, le Commentaire sur Osée de Jérôme de Stridon (c. 347-419/420) se trouve à la charnière entre ses commentaires bibliques sur les Petits et les Grands prophètes. Au sein de ce vaste projet exégétique, l’ouvrage constitue un bon exemple d’une herméneutique désormais bien maîtrisée. Avec un fort souci de cohérence, l’exégète y déploie l’interprétation littérale essentiellement historique pour lancer l’interprétation spirituelle déclinée en deux sens, l’un anti-hérétique, l’autre mystique, tous deux présentés comme fondamentaux pour comprendre le livre d’Osée. L’œuvre constitue également un témoin clé pour saisir l’importance de la typologie, christocentrique et ecclésiale, pour expliquer les Prophètes selon Jérôme. Du reste, l’ouvrage n’a fait l’objet d’aucune recherche approfondie tant sur son contenu que sur son texte. Aussi, des recherches philologiques inédites ont permis d’établir l’histoire de la transmission manuscrite et de proposer les prémices d’une édition scientifique du texte. / Written in the end of 406, the Comment on Hosea by Jerome of Stridon (c. 347-419/420) is the transition between its biblical comments on Minor and Major Prophets. Within this vast exegetical project, the work constitutes a good example of an hermeneutics well mastered. With a strong concern of coherence, the exegete displays the essentially historic literal interpretation to introduce the spiritual interpretation declined in two senses, the one anti-heretic, the other one mystic, both presented as fundamental to understand the book of Hosea. The work also constitutes a key witness to seize the importance of the typology, both centered on Jesus Christ and his Church, to explain the Prophets according to Jerome.Besides, the work was the object of no in-depth research both on its contents and on its text. So, new philological researches allowed to establish the handwritten transmission and to propose the first elements of a scientific edition of the text.

God is ontologically omni-present, yet he is spoken of as being present or even being absent. The presence and the absence of God are relational concepts. His presence generally shows his favor and is for the benefit of his people; and his absence indicates his disfavor. But sometimes his presence was for judgment too. The people of God are his people precisely because he is favorably present with them. God’s presence with his people bestows upon them a special position in relation to him, and a blessed future for them. God is Spirit, and his presence is not limited to visible forms. Many times God’s presence is simply indicated by divine speech. We have seen that God chose at times to reveal himself through theophanies, and these appearances related to humans in different ways. God’s presence in Exodus comes in various ways, and his presence has particular significance. Finally, God revealed himself in the person of Jesus Christ of Nazareth. For the Christian, Christ dwells with us and within us by his Spirit and through him we have access to the Father (Eph.1:18). The presence of God is redemptive. Israel was redeemed by the present God, Yahweh; and the Christian has been redeemed by the present God, the Lord Jesus Christ. As Evangelicals we believe that they are one and the same person, and the method of redemption is metaphorically equated in the New Testament. The Christian is empowered by the Holy Spirit and a new creation; two inseparable concepts that give us our identity. While Israel was redeemed as a nation, we are a redeemed people who are individually united in the Church of Jesus Christ; and in our local assemblies we are to maintain and reflect our unity by being a community. As Israel was a nation for the nations, so the Church is a community of witnesses to God’s righteousness and rule for the nations. Humans are to relate to God as Creator and as Redeemer, because they are accountable to him according to his creation and redemption (or re-creation) principles. Accountability is meaningful only in an ethical context. Man relates to God by acts of obedience to his creation and redemption principles. The chief duty of the Church is to make known the available person, purpose and power of God. God’s loving expression is his availability for a relationship with man. His self-revelation and gifts are for our benefit. His creation and creative intentions are for our benefit. His redemption and redemptive intentions are for our benefit. More so, we are accountable for the imperative to perpetuate God’s creation and redemption intentions. If they are expressions of love and intended to benefit, then they are ethical in nature. Our response to God and to creation at large must therefore also be ethical in nature. Our concern in this dissertation is to realize the socio-ethical significance of the Presence in redemption for the people of God, and in particular for the Evangelical Church. Having explored the Exodus texts from a synchronic approach, we have used the final canonical Exodus-narrative of Presence through socio-rhetorical exegesis and theological reflection to derive socio-ethical principles for our contemporary application. These principles are applied for specific contemporary contexts and questions in order to posit ethical social proposals, social responsibility, and social action. We are able to see how our Exodus pericopes were employed in the biblical Old and New Testaments. Their use in the Psalms, the Prophets and the New Testament reflected an authoritative theological interpretation of these Exodus texts for Evangelicals, merely because they are in the Bible. These Scriptural theological interpretations were a warrant for us to seek a theological interpretation of the canonical texts as the platform for socio-ethical interaction. Because we are so far removed temporarily, socio-ethical transfer from then to now was by no means cut-and-dried. Only through theological reflection are we able to derive socio-ethical principles for contemporary application, at least within an Evangelical Ecclesiology. Presence is applied theologically under the categories revelation, redemption and relationship. We are able to show how the principles of revelation, redemption and relationship related God and his people in ways that gave them a special identity as a community that must respond in a special and particular way to God and within itself. The people had to be monotheistic. Their response had monotheistic, ethical implications and social implications. Presence is also applied socially under the categories derived naturally from the Exodus narrative: <ul><li> Israel’s Self-Consciousness as a Community. </li><li> Yahweh’s Presence and the Community’s Redemption. </li><li> Yahweh’s Agent in the Redemption of the Community. </li><li> Counter Forces to the Creation of the Redeemed Community. </li><li> Covenant and Redemption Undergirds Social Identity. </li><li> The Socio-ethical Response of the Redeemed Community. </li><li> Redemption as Social Dialogue. </li><li> Covenant as Societal Establishment. </li><li> Covenant and Societal Conflict. </li><li> Covenant and Societal Self-conscientiousness. </li></ul> Each of these categories is discussed under the same sub-categories, namely, revelation, redemption and relationship. We are able to derive socio-ethical principles in this way; principles which could be applied in an Evangelical ecclesiology. Indeed, the Church is the best social context in which these principles are to be applied, and within that context we are able to derive socio-ethical proposals. The Church is posited as a multiplicity of microcosmic communities, all related to God through Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit. We are able to make social proposals for the kind of social responsibilities and actions required within the church community. These socio-ethical proposals must emanate from the social vision of the Church, which is theological and eschatological in nature. The Church, as an eschatological community, must serve as an example and vision for society at large, recognizing that society at large also has a different and more complex make-up, and that socio-ethical transfer of Christian principles is not simplistically cut-and-dried. We have to find creative ways to translate the biblical imperative in a contemporary social context. This, we will conclude is only possible because we are able to apply it from and in a narratological context. We can however not simply use the same categories of revelation, redemption and relationship in a socio-ethical application. Ethics in general and social ethics in particular needs to be considered according to categories that were naturally conducive to ethical discourse. But these categories are also to be integrated with the theological categories in such a way that does not strain the ethical discourse. Surprisingly, the ethical categories of God (theological), man (social/political) and land (economic) easily lends itself to be discussed with the sub-categories of revelation, redemption and relationship. In fact, while it is fairly easy to do so under the theological and social/political categories, it is not so easy to distinguish the sub-categories for discussion under economy. We are forced to blur the lines between revelation and redemption on the one hand, and between redemption and relationship on the other. We can obviously not make proposals dealing with every socio-ethical issue. This is not our intention. We are, however, able to provide a socio-ethical vision for the Church, and thus, to a limited extent, for society at large. Because of our socio-ethical vision, it has become necessary for us to sketch the Church as an eschatological people which is a blessing to the world by its functioning in particular roles; as example (salt and light), evangelist, prophetic voice, teacher, agent, facilitator, negotiator, and partner. As example the Church is meant to be a pattern for society. The Church, which founds its indicative and imperative values upon the biblical text, can be a blessed pattern to society. As evangelist, the Church alone has the message of redemption, and it needs to share it with society. The best way for society to change is through regeneration. Our first priority is to extend the Kingdom of God in this world through the message of Jesus Christ and then through our godly influence. As prophetic voice, the Church must make known God’s will and ways. It is mainly a voice that speaks to issues of social justice, social responsibility and social reconstruction. Aspects of oppression, exploitation and other injustices must be condemned, and proposals for redress and reconstruction must be made. The Church must entrench democratic values and be the voice that calls for integrity and accountability. As teacher, the Church’s first place of teaching must be on a theological plane. Theological awareness encourages moral and ethical awareness. In short, they can teach on a whole range of issues that encourages good relationship, both vertically and horizontally. The Church can train leaders of integrity. As agent, the Church can act in society on behalf of Government, business and other organizations who have projects that aim at Christian-likeminded outcomes. Conversely, they can also act as agent for the people and community interests. The Church must be the redemptive agent in society. As facilitators, the Church facilitates important co-operations; with Government, business and other organizations. The Church can facilitate socio-ethical debates, forums, workshops, economic pro-active and ecological and environmental projects. As negotiators and partners, the Church can act on behalf of the poor and the marginalized. The rich and the poor are to act according to the tenets of love and justice. The Church can help inculcate these tenets, and to teach tenets of good work-ethic. The Church must be a redeemed people with redemptive aims; all for the glory of their redeeming God. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Old Testament Studies / unrestricted

La Ruah YHWH joue un rôle important dans la transformation créative de l’univers et des entités actuelles; cependant, une réflexion concernant les modalités de ce rôle reste à développer. La théologie processuelle offre une plateforme à partir de laquelle sont examinées diverses facettes des rôles que peut jouer la Ruah YHWH dans un monde où le chaos semble dominer. L’objectif de ce mémoire est justement d’explorer la Ruah YHWH dans son rôle de transformation créative au service, ultimement de l’ordre, de la paix et de l’harmonie dans le monde, les communautés, la vie des entités actuelles, etc. Le Chapitre 1 passe en revue des notions clés de la théologie processuelle. Le concept des “entités actuelles” est d’abord défini. Sont ensuite examinées les différentes phases du devenir d’une entité actuelle. Finalement, les concepts de “créativité” et de “transformation”, dans une perspective de la Ruah YHWH font l’objet d’observations attentives avant d’aborder « trois natures » de Dieu, à savoir primordiale, conséquente, et superjective. Le Chapitre 2 s’intéresse à la péricope centrale de ce mémoire : Juges 13:24-14:20. Le découpage de la structure de cette péricope est basé sur des critères de critique textuelle et d’analyse syntaxique. La première analyse s’attarde aux difficultés que le texte hébreu présente, alors que la deuxième met l’accent sur l’organisation structurelle des propositions grammaticales des versets. Les deux analyses me permettent ensuite de proposer une traduction du péricope. Le Chapitre 3 se veut une application de ce qui a été élaboré au Chapitre 1 sur la péricope analysée au Chapitre 2. Ce troisième chapitre permet de mettre en pratique une approche processuelle originale développée par Robert David dans son livre Déli_l’ ÉCRITURE. Dans la foulée des chapitres qui le précèdent, le Chapitre 4 propose quelques principes herméneutiques contemporains pouvant éclairer le rôle de la Ruah YHWH dans l’avancée créative du monde : vie, amour, et paix. / The Ruah YHWH plays a key role in the creative transformation of both the universe and actual entities; however, that role has still to be developed. Process theology, of which I shall endeavour to define some important notions in Chapter 1, offers a platform I shall attempt to build upon in order to examine such an important role in a chaotic world. The aim of this dissertation is to explore the Ruah YHWH in Her role of creative transformation, which I argue to ultimately be that of bringing order, peace, and harmony in the world, communities, the life of actual entities, etc. Chapter 1 is an overview of some key notions of process theology: first, the concept of “actual entities” is defined. Secondly, I examine the phases of concrescence in the becoming of an actual entity. And finally, I look at the concepts of creativity and transformation in the perspective of the Ruah YHWH prior to examining the “three natures” of God, primordial, consequent, and superjective. Chapter 2 defines the pericope of this dissertation: Judges 13:24-14:20. The structure of the pericope is based upon the methods of textual criticism and syntactical analysis. While the first examination deals with some difficulties the original Hebrew text presents, the second deals with the structural organization of the verses grammatical propositions. The two examinations allow me to propose a translation of the pericope. Chapter 3 is an application of what was laid out in Chapter 1 on the pericope established in Chapter 2. In the course of the third chapter, I employ an innovative (original) processual approach developed by Robert David in his recent book Déli_ l’ÉCRITURE. Then, Chapter 4 proposes, out of the preceding chapters, some contemporary hermeneutical principles which enlighten the role of the Ruah YHWH in the creative transformation of the world: life, love, and peace.

The aim of this work is to analyze quranic feminist interpretation focusing on controversial verse 4:34. We attempt to demonstrate the way islamic feminist exegets deal with the key concepts of this verse mostly notion of male authority (qiwwama and faddala), female obedience (qanitat) and disobedience (nushuz) and wife beating (idribuhunna) through the islamic feminist hermeneutical principles mainly contextual, holistic and through reexamination of terminology. Particular arguments, approaches and interpretative manoeuvres of feminist Qurʼanic exegesis aiming to legitimize gender egalitarian reading of the Qurʼan and challenging centuries of andocentric exegetical tradition will be examined.

La présente étude veut représenter un essai de synthèse des aspects les plus remarquables de la production littéraire et du rôle dans l'histoire du soufisme du maître soufi et théologien khorassanien Abū l-Qāsim ῾Abd al-Karīm b. Hawāzin al-Qushayrī (376-465/ 986-1072). Trois axes principaux sont développés : la vie de Qushayrī et la dynamique de diffusion de son oeuvre, l'analyse du corpus qushayrien (étude des manuscrits et état de l'édition), les aspects les plus remarquables de sa doctrine. L'idée principale qui guide ce travail est la saisie de la relation qu'on aperçoit, dans l'oeuvre de Qushayrī, entre le soufisme et les différents savoirs islamiques. Quelle est la véritable nature de cet « effet miroir » que Qushayrī opère entre le savoir exotérique et la connaissance ésotérique propre au soufisme ? Dans quelle mesure Qushayrī innove et dans quelle mesure peut-on le considérer comme un « transmetteur fidèle » d'un patrimoine à la fois spirituel et savant dont il se veut l'héritier ? Après la redéfinition de la relation soufisme-savoir, notre deuxième objectif est de jeter une nouvelle lumière sur «Qushayrī le maître», un maître que les sources plus anciennes appellent ustādh imām, savant et religieux à la fois. Par delà le souci normatif qui traverse l'oeuvre qushayrienne, n'en demeure pas moins un appel au voyage et au dépassement vers la connaissance de Dieu. Comme le dit le maître soufi Dhū l-Nūn l'Egyptien d'après la Risāla de Qushayrī, « tout ce que tu peux concevoir dans ton imagination, Dieu est différent de cela ». / This dissertation is the first monograph on the life and work of the immensely influential Nishapuri Sufi and theologian ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Hawāzim al-Qushayrī (376-465/986-1072). On the basis of unpublished manuscripts and textual marginalia (isnāds, ijāzas and colophons) as well as recently published critical editions, the present study has three primary research nodes: 1) Qushayrī's formation as a thinker and the dynamics that made for the successful diffusion of his work; 2) the Qushayrian corpus (a survey of extant manuscripts, editions and secondary scholarship); and 3) the most important aspects of Qushayrī's project. A number of important questions will be pursued, including: How should we understand the interplay between exoteric and esoteric knowledge that pervades Qushayrī's writings? To what extent does Qushayrī redefine the spiritual and scholarly traditions he inherited, and how does he conceive of his role as transmitter? Finally, this study addresses the role of Qushayrī as a spiritual master. Questioning previous assumptions as to the ways in which Qushayrī's spiritual influence was propagated, I demonstrate that Qushayrī emerged as a charismatic spiritual master in his own lifetime, directly establishing a Sufi-scholarly tradition that our sources term Qushayriyya.

Dans le De constancia sapientis, Sénèque formule le portrait d'un sage que l'injustice et l'outrage n'affectent pas. Selon le Commentaire au livre de la Sagesse de Robert Holkot (OP + 1349), cette description conceptuelle définit la notion de sagesse présente dans le livre biblique. Ainsi, dans les années 1336-1338, le sage stoïcien est-il présenté, dans une exégèse biblique, comme l'exemple même de sagesse. Partant, la thèse s'attache à retracer l'élaboration de cette figure sapientielle au prisme du prologue de ce commentaire biblique. Elle en analyse ensuite l'enjeu conceptuel : la revendication d'un modèle vie chrétien inspiré du comportement exemplaire des philosophes antiques. Dans ce contexte, la figure de Platon acquiert une importance cruciale. Une approche critique de la philosophie comme modèle de vie forme enfin la dernière partie de ce travail. En effet, tant le recours antique et médiéval à l'exemplum que la définition de la philosophie comme manière de vivre prennent appui sur une conception de l'acte moral comme imitation d'un héros (saint, sage, etc.) qu'Immanuel Kant congédie. / In the De constancia sapientis, Seneca portrays a wise man as unaffected by injustice and outrage. For Robert Holkot (O.P., †1349), writing in his Commentary on the Book of Wisdom, this conceptual description defines the notion of wisdom present in the Biblical book of the same name. Thus, in the years 1336-1338, the Stoic wise man appears in a work of Biblical exegesis as the very example of wisdom. This thesis takes as its point of departure the portrayal of the wise man in the prologue to the Commentary on the Book of Wisdom. It then analyses what is at stake: the assertion of a Christian model of life inspired by role models from ancient philosophy. Plato becomes a figure of crucial importance. Finally, the last part of this work consists in a criticism of philosophy as a model way of life. In fact, both the ancient and medieval use of exempla and the definition of philosophy as way of life depend on a conception of moral action as the imitation of a hero (saint, wise person, and so on), a conception dismissed by Immanuel Kant.

The aim of this thesis is to examine how Christianity and fascism can be concatenated. The thesis has been conducted as a descriptive content analysis of the Swedish Association of Religious Reform (Sveriges Religiösa Reformförbund), established in 1929. In order to identify the Association’s socio-theological project and agenda, a Foucauldian inspired social constructionism theory has been applied. This thesis argues that by relying on a mission to ‘complete’ the Lutheran Reformation, which considered religion and culture alike, the Association’s struggle for a religious ‘rebirth’ also referred to the rebirth of Swedish culture and society. This assumption was correlated with contemporary conceptions of ‘race’ and Jews, culminating into the perception of Jesus as a masculine Aryan ideal.

[pt] É já notório o conhecimento de que o legado da cultura persa no período pós-exílico do judaísmo não pode ser desprezado, especialmente no final deste período, quando o gênero literário apocalíptico estava florescendo. A presente tese analisa a ressurreição individual no que tange às possíveis relações entre a religião persa e o judaísmo intertestamentário, bem como o cristianismo primitivo. Para tanto, o trabalho começa verificando as origens e desdobramentos do fenômeno apocalíptico. Em seguida, focaliza as conexões literárias que poderiam revelar as ligações entre persas e judeus: a tradição do Avesta antigo (especialmente o Yasna 30,7 e o Yasht 19.11.89) é cotejada com o texto de Daniel 12,1-3. Posteriormente, a possível conexão entre Daniel 12,1-3 e Mateus 27,51b-53 é analisada. O objetivo da tese é verificar em que medida o texto de Daniel refletiria um desenvolvimento dentro do judaísmo a partir do contato com a apocalíptica iraniana, bem como em que medida a origem da tradição presente na perícope mateana refletiria a ressurreição individual a partir da tradição de Daniel. A despeito das características próprias de cada texto, os pontos de contato são bastante plausíveis a partir do marco social, gênero literário e objetivo dos textos, especialmente entre Daniel e Mateus. A perícope mateana revelaria uma tradição daniélica, na qual a ressurreição foi vista como uma recompensa aos judeus que morreram em virtude da justiça divina. Como o redator em Daniel, o evangelista revela uma comunidade em conflito, agora com o judaísmo formativo; ela deixa transparecer uma crença em um reino messiânico que atende à expectativa de uma era escatológica que se inicia justamente na morte e ressurreição de Jesus Cristo. / [en] It is well known that the legacy of the Persian culture in the Jewish postexilic period cannot be despised, mainly in the end of this period, just when the apocalyptic literary genre was flourishing. This thesis analyzes the individual resurrection regarding to the possible relationships between the Persian religion and the intertestamental Judaism, as well as the Early Christianity. So, the work begins by reviewing the origins and development of apocalyptic phenomenon. Then, it focalizes on the literary links that could reveal the connections between Persian and Jews: the tradition of the Old Avesta (notably the Yasna 30:7 and the Yasht 19:11.89) is collated with the text of Daniel 12:1-3. Afterward, the possible connection between Daniel 12:1-3 and Matthew 27:51b-53 takes place. The aim of this work is to ascertain the extent to which the text of Daniel would reflect a development within the Judaism based on the apocalyptic Iranian features. After this, verify the extent to which the origin of the tradition revealed by the Matthean pericope would reflect the individual resurrection from the tradition of Daniel. In spite of the own features of each text, the contact points are quite likely from the social setting, literary gender and the aim of the texts, mainly between Daniel and Matthew. The Matthew s pericope would reveal a tradition drawn from danielic tradition, where the resurrection was seen as a reward to the Jews who died because of the divine righteousness. Like the editor of the text in Daniel, the evangelist reveals a community in conflict, now with the formative Judaism. His community presents a belief in a messianic kingdom that meets the expectation of an eschatological era that begins with the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

[pt] O presente estudo exegético trata da restauração de Judá-Jerusalém descrita em Jl 4,18-21. A partir de uma concepção unitária dos oráculos do yôm YHWH no livro de Joel, como um anúncio de juízo com duplo efeito, e da estrutura geral do livro como uma lamentação nacional (cf. Jl 1,1–2,18) seguida da resposta de YHWH (cf. Jl 2,19–4,21), compreende-se que a restauração de Judá-Jerusalém é o resultado previsto pelo juízo definitivo no yôm YHWH, consequência da presença salvífica de YHWH no templo e Sua resposta favorável à liturgia de lamentação suplicante realizada pela comunidade dos filhos de Judá. A unidade literária Jl 4,18-21 é apresentada como um oráculo salvífico com duplo anúncio. Nela, a restauração de Judá-Jerusalém é descrita como restauração escatológica da terra eleita e do povo eleito. Através de palavras chave , Jl 4,18-21 responde aos problemas retratados no livro: uma catástrofe agrícola (cf. Jl 1,2–2,27) e uma catástrofe política (cf. Jl 3,1–4,17). Além disso, sua estrutura formal reflete as duas etapas da resposta de YHWH a ambos os problemas: a restauração da terra (cf. Jl 2,18-27) e a restauração da nação (cf. Jl 3,1–4,17). Desse modo, pode-se compreender a densidade temática de Jl 4,18-21 e sua função conclusiva, retomando, sintetizando e finalizando as principais linhas temáticas do livro, e levando ao ponto mais alto a argumentação desenvolvida no livro inteiro. / [en] The following exegetical study presents the restoration of Judah and Jerusalem described in the passage Joel 4,18-21. Through a unitary conception from yôm YHWH s oracles on Joel s book, as a double effected judgment announcement, as well the general structure of the book as a national lament (cf. Joel 1,1–2,18) followed by the YHWH s answer (cf. Joel 2,19–4,21), it can be inferred that the restoration of Judah and Jerusalem is the expected result by the decisive judgment in yôm YHWH and consequence of the saviour presence of YHWH in the temple and his favourable reply to the Liturgy of Lament made by the community of the Judah sons. The literary unity Joel 4,18-21 is presented as a saviour oracle by the dual announcement: it describes the restoration of Judah and Jerusalem as an eschatological restoration of selected land and people. The passage Joel 4,18-21 answers the issues described on Joel s book through keywords: such as an agricultural disaster (cf. Joel 1,2–2,27) and a political failure (cf. Joel 3,1–4,17). Moreover, the formal structure of the passage reflects the two stages of YHWH s answer to both problems: the land s restoration (cf. Joel 2,18-27) and the people s restoration (cf. Joel 3,1–4,17). Thereby, it can be understood the diversity and complexity of themes in the passage Joel 4,18-21 and its conclusive function as it resumes, synthesizes and finalizes the main themes of Joel s book, furthermore, it raises the argumentation developed on the whole book.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de montrer qu’Ève, en tant que métaphore du manque et sujet femme désirante, n’est pas étrangère au désir de Dieu. Pour cela, nous commencerons par repérer que ce que nous connaissons du personnage d’Ève dans le texte de Gn 3 est le fruit de la perception de ce que nous définirons comme « la Tradition » et de son interprétation de ce texte. Cette perception, sur le versant de « la femme-objet », est une réalité fondée par le regard d’hommes croyant que la femme est par nature plus faible, parce qu’incomplète, manquée, et donc manquante. En explorant comment les interprétations du récit de Gn 3 mettent en scène les figures d’une Ève tantôt dangereuse, tantôt inférieure, tantôt gommée par la figure idéalisée de la Vierge Marie, nous verrons comment les a priori culturels propres à une lecture androcentrique ont profondément marqué la façon même de relire le texte, de l’entendre et de le comprendre. En prenant acte de la manière dont cette Tradition a entendu et masqué tout à la fois la différence sexuelle homme-femme, notre propre analyse discursive du récit de Gn 3 déroule comment la figure d’Ève peut aussi devenir la représentante du manque désiré par Dieu lui-même. Le manque voulu par Dieu, dont Ève est la métaphore, apparait à la fois comme l’ingrédient nécessaire à la vie, à la parole et au désir, et comme le fardeau que doit porter Ève pour marcher sur les chemins de son propre destin de femme qui ne peut pas plus échapper à la question de la maternité. Notre axe de relecture, qui tient compte de la dimension du sujet parlant, nous conduit à cerner le rôle actif d’Ève. De sa posture de « pas-toute », elle prend place dans la création de l’adam comme celle à qui s’adresse le serpent venu d’ailleurs. C’est avec le serpent que le premier dialogue s’instaure et qu’Ève s’éprouve comme sujet parlant et désirant. Par la parole, Ève déborde. Une fois l’interdit parlé, il devient lieu de l’inter-dit, là où, entre les lignes, quelque chose du désir singulier d’Ève devient transmissible à l’adam. La transgression en acte rend alors possible le regard porté sur la différence sexuelle, en rendant aussi possible la transmission de la vie humaine comme acte de création. À ce moment du récit, Ève devient un sujet, sujet de désir, femme-sujet, en écart de ce que l’homme la veut, une femme intrinsèquement et expérientiellement habitée par la question du maternel et de la maternité. Si pour les hommes comme pour les femmes, le maternel est le premier accès à la femme, le récit montre que la parole d’une femme est dépendante de cette structure subjective, qui rend chaque femme singulière. Sa subjectivité d’être-femme dont le corps est troué vient nécessairement orienter son être au monde, à l’Autre et aux autres, en mettant en jeu autant sa responsabilité que son éthique, dont Ève est la figure qui les représentent toutes. Cette thèse vise donc à participer à une réflexion et une discussion sur l’être femme, non plus considéré comme objet à soumettre, posséder, ou dont le corps pourrait être réduit à procréer, mais comme l’expérience d’un sujet singulier, un sujet de désir, un parlêtre de chair et de sang dont le dire et le désir sont à prendre en compte en écart du discours universel. Nous espérons que notre thèse apportera une contribution significative à ce que les femmes soient reconnues dans leur énonciation singulière et subjective comme participant à l’à-venir du monde, qu’elles soient reconnues comme souffle qui émerge du manque et qui fait brèche dans le fantasme de l’Un. / The objective of this dissertation is to show that Eve, as a metaphor of the lack and as a desiring subject-woman, is related to the desire for God. To do this, we will begin by pointing out that what we know of the character of Eve in the story of Genesis 3 is the result of the perception of what we will define as “The Tradition” and of her interpretation of this text. This perception, on the side of the “woman-as-an-objet”, is a reality based on the gaze of men who believe that the woman is weaker by nature, because she is incomplete, a miss, and therefore missing. By exploring how the interpretations of the Gn 3 narrative stage the figures of an Eve, sometimes dangerous, sometimes inferior, sometimes erased by the idealized figure of the Virgin Mary, we will see how the cultural a priori of an androcentric reading have deeply marked the very way of rereading the text, of hearing and understanding it. By taking in account the way this Tradition has both heard and masked the sexual difference between man and woman, our own discursive analysis of the story of Gn 3 unfolds how the figure of Eve can also become the representative of the lack that God himself desires. The lack that God desires, of which Eve is the metaphor, appears both as the necessary ingredient for life, word and desire, and as the burden that Eve must bear in order to walk the paths of her own destiny, as a woman who cannot escape the question of motherhood either. Our axis of rereading, which takes into account the dimension of the speaking subject, leads us to identify Eve’s active role. From her “not-all” posture, she takes her place in the creation of the adam as the one to whom the snake from elsewhere talks. It is with the serpent that the first dialogue is established and that Eve experiences herself as a speaking and desiring subject. Because she speaks, Eve overflows. Once the forbidden has been spoken, it becomes the place of the "inter-dit", where, between the lines, something of Eve's singular desire becomes transmissible to the adam. The transgression in act then makes it possible to look at sexual difference, making also possible the transmission of human life as an act of creation. At this point in the narration, Eve becomes a subject, a subject of desire, a woman-as-a-subject, at bay from what man wants her to be, a woman intrinsically and experientially inhabited by the question of the maternal and the motherhood. If for both men and women, motherhood is the first access to the woman, the narrative shows that a woman’s speech is dependent on this subjective structure, which makes each woman singular. Her subjectivity of being a woman with a hole in her body necessarily tends her being to the world, to the Other and to others, bringing into play both her responsibility and her ethics, of which Eve is the figure that represents them all. This dissertation therefore aims to participate in a reflection and a discussion on being a woman, no longer considered as an object to be submitted, possessed, or whose body could be reduced to procreate, but as the experience of a singular subject, a subject of desire, a being of flesh and blood whose words and desire are to be taken into account at bay from the universal discourse. We hope that our thesis will make a significant contribution to the recognition of women in their singular and subjective enunciation as participants in the becoming of the world, and that they are recognized as the breath that emerges from the lack and which breaks through the fantasy of the One.