Com a abertura econômica brasileira, sobretudo após 1990, muitas são as empresas que enviam funcionários para viver e trabalhar no exterior e pouco se explora sobre os casos de mulheres em contexto de expatriação. Neste trabalho, buscou-se analisar as trajetórias de mulheres expatriadas, utilizando como bases conceituais as interfaces de gênero, carreira e expatriação. Diante dos diversos questionamentos emergidos a partir do tema, firmou-se a seguinte questão de pesquisa: como são construídas as trajetórias de mulheres brasileiras expatriadas? Para analisar a construção da trajetória das 19 mulheres pesquisadas e as implicações advindas dessa experiência, a pesquisa iniciou com uma fase de exploração do campo, por meio de entrevista com duas expatriadas. Os relatos destas serviram como um suporte inicial da pesquisa e possibilitaram vislumbrar algumas possibilidades de categorias de análises e pontos a serem explorados. Como técnica de coleta de informações foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade, com base em roteiro semiestruturado, pessoal ou virtualmente e, após transcritas integralmente, foram interpretadas por análise de conteúdo. As vivências das protagonistas dessa pesquisa, embora muitas vezes se aproximem, compõem trajetórias singulares, incluindo campo pessoal e profissional. A análise conjunta das entrevistas permitiu identificar a construção da trajetória de mulheres expatriadas como uma categorial principal. Os elementos que edificam e influenciam essa categoria são: as características pessoais, o apoio e a influência familiar; os relacionamentos afetivos e a maternidade; os planos profissionais e as organizações em que elas trabalham; os países de destino e, por fim e ancorado nesses elementos, destacou-se um modo de ser e portar-se no ambiente de trabalho, compreendido como “o/a” profissional mulher expatriada, que intercala elementos percebidos como “de homens” e/ou “de mulheres”. Com os resultados da pesquisa, vislumbram-se caminhos possíveis para outras mulheres que buscam esta experiência, levando em conta as implicações advindas. / With Brazil's economic opening, especially after 1990, many companies send their employees to live and work abroad, however, few academic research explores the cases of women in expatriation context. This research aimed to analyze the paths of female expatriates, using as conceptual basis the interfaces of gender, career and expatriation. Given several questions that have been emerged from the subject, it was established as the central research problem the following question: how the career path of expatriate Brazilian women are built? To analyze the career construction of the 19 surveyed women and the implications arising from this experience, the research started with an exploration phase of the field, through interviews with two female expatriates. Their reports worked as initial research support, which made possible to preview some possible categories of analysis and points to be explored. As information collection technique, in-depth interviews, taken personally or virtually, were conducted based on a semi-structured script and, after fully transcribed, interpreted by content analysis. The experiences of these research protagonists, though share similarities, compose singular trajectories, including personal and professional field. The interviews analysis allowed the identification of the career path construction of expatriate women as a major category. The elements that build and influence this category are: personal characteristics, support and family influence; affective relationships and motherhood; professional plans and the organizations in which they work; destination countries and, finally, anchoring these elements, stood out a way to be and behave at work, understood as a professional expatriate woman, without an specific gender/sex, that combines elements perceived as of men and/or of women. With the results it is possible to forecast possible paths for other women seeking for this experience, taking into account the resulting implications.

Internationally mobile individuals such as migrants and expatriates exhibit a higher level of entrepreneurial activity than people without cross-cultural experience. Current research suggests that this pattern is rooted in specific resources and institutional arrangements that increase the attractiveness of exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities. In this study, we provide an additional explanation: We argue that cross-cultural experience increases the ability to recognize entrepreneurial opportunities. This argument is supported by two complementary studies - a longitudinal quasi-experiment and a priming experiment. We find convergent evidence that cross-cultural experience increases a person's capabilities to recognize particularly profitable types of opportunities by facilitating the application of cross-cultural knowledge for the discovery of arbitrage opportunities and creative recombination. (authors' abstract)

The subject of this thesis is the circumstances surrounding the emigration of European modern artists to America in the late 1930's and early 1940's, and their initial reception in the city of New York. The primary vehicle of this investigation will be the Artists in Exile show, their first collective exhibition which took place at the Pierre Matisse Gallery in March of 1942. The reason why it is felt that such an investigation is warranted is that while there is a great deal of literature concerned with the Nazis vehement denunciation of modern art and their persecution of its practitioners, little has been written on how these artists actually came to arrive in America. It is I believe, too often assumed that while their voyage may have been a difficult one, they were embraced by a nation that has perpetually proclaimed itself as a defender of democratic freedom and a haven for the oppressed. Contrary to this assumption, it will be asserted that their initial presence was largely met with resistance in America due to a historical period of economic, social, political and cultural isolationism. In Chapter One, an attempt will be made to more clearly define the historical circumstances which gave rise to American isolationism and a resultant anti-alienism, sentiments which had a direct bearing upon the cool reception of the Europeans and their work. Given the existance of such attitudes, it becomes necessary as well to identify the various groups who championed the artist refugees, their motives in doing so, and the specific strategies employed to circumvent native resistance in order to bring these individuals to North American shores. It will be asserted that this support came from a small group of liberals situated within northeastern educational institutions who were alarmed by the fascist threat to freedom of scholary and artistic expression. In addition, they were motivated by what they believed to be an unprecedented opportunity to bring to America and place at its disposal, superior levels of European scholarly and artistic achievement. Chapter Two will undertake an investigation into the reception of the Europeans in New York based upon an analysis of the problematic usage of catagories employed to place them in roles reflective of their circumstances. These terms include refugee, emigré, immigrant, exile, and alien. In addition, it will hopefully be revealed how these new roles had a deleterious effect upon the self perception of the emigres, seriously affecting their critical output as exiles. Chapter Three will be devoted to the Artists in Exile show itself. Specific focus will be on the strategies employed in its manifesto and why for the most part, they were unsuccessful in winning over a viewing public largely resistant to European modern art. In addition, specific works exhibited in the show will be analysed to see how they registered the varied concerns of the artist emigrés at this time in history. Finally, the conclusion will deal with two additional shows of European modern art in that same year; the First Papers of Surrealism, and Peggy Guggenheim's Art of This Century. It will be maintained that the strategies employed in this latter show were to a high degree, largely responsible for the eventual winning over of needed patrons necessary for the acceptance and continuation of European modern art in America. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

Master's thesis on Intercultural Training in Business Practice deals with the intercultural communication, opportunities for its improvement through intercultural training and actual practices in czech companies when using it. The theoretical part defines the concepts of culture, intercultural communication and intercultural training. The practical part includes research in firms in the czech market through a survey and case study in a chosen company. Based on the findings, the last part of the thesis includes proposals, how should companies use intercultural training and what are their options including a summary of their main advantages and limitations.

Problem: Many studies are written about employees stationed abroad by multinational corporations, but nothing about non-profit organisations. The NPOs from the Swedish idea-driven sector also have employees working abroad. This thesis looks at competence development opportunities for these expatriates and what their employability situation is like after moving back to Sweden. Method: The data in this qualitative study originate from interviews with individuals from different organisations. They worked as expatriates at least three years and returned and repatriated to Sweden at least a year ago. Findings: Different kinds of competence development are available to expatriates. Whether they take advantage of this depends largely on the individual’s motivation, but also on international partner organisations’ capacity and what resources are set aside by Swedish employers. The competence development show some, but not a definite correlation to employability once the expatriate has repatriated back to Sweden. The international assignment is usually a project employment which ends as they return, so the repatriate does not get much help from the NPO in transitioning back to their home country. The results are clear that that the individual is most vulnerable during the period when they are trying to re-establish a life at home. Swedish employers are unsure how to handle a job applicant with international experience and more often than not, regard the years abroad as empty space on their CV. It is up to the repatriate to use their social skills, social network and connections, be flexible, and motivate themselves to market themselves as employable individuals in order to find a job.

archives@tulane.edu / The purpose of this dissertation was to develop, propose, and test a model of knowledge transfer for expatriates. The transfer of knowledge from expatriates to subsidiaries and the knowledge that is gained by expatriates during their international assignment was considered in this study. The model included the antecedents of expatriate absorptive capacity (EXACAP), and the effect of EXACAP on knowledge outcomes, according to purposes posed by Hocking et al. (2004). The relationship between expatriate success and knowledge transfer outcomes were discussed in terms of knowledge application and experiential learning. Two samples were utilized to provide empirical evidence, one composed of 149 expatriates assigned in 34 countries and the other sample comprised of 80 dyads of expatriates and host country nationals (HCNs). Results show that cognitive flexibility, language fluency, the frequent interaction with HCNs, and cultural distance were predictors of EXACAP. Additionally, EXACAP had a positive effect on knowledge transferred and knowledge received by expatriates. It is showed that expatriates who transfer more knowledge were more successful in their international positions and report higher levels of their performance were additionally observed. This work contributes to the expatriate literature by enhancing the understanding of expatriate failure and by providing an alternative explanation of expatriate success from a knowledge transfer approach. / 1 / Wilson Antonio Florez Vanegas

Living and working abroad is one of the best ways to grow and learn about who you are and who you can become. The purpose of the project is to develop and articulate a radical reflexive praxis within the paradigm of the lived experiences of a Black female expatriate Christian mathematics educator. Grounded in the epistemological tradition of Black feminist thought, this study defines the intersectionality of my identity as a Black woman mathematics educator and explores ways it informs my interaction with students, parents and colleagues and inspires the quality of my instruction delivered in and out of the classroom setting. Through the qualitative practice of autoethnography, the use of personal narratives and field notes tell the story because storytelling adds context and allows the reader to both comprehend and participate in the experience. These narratives of re-reflection are used to explain how each of these identities were parlayed from a place of knowing and being known. Teaching is largely a white female Christian dominated profession and the tendency of the profession to propagate the traditional white male leader prototype confirms the need for more research for and by Black women educators. The rate of Black women yielding a productive gap between living in a culture but not being fully of that culture further confirms the need for more research. Ours is an experience that offers a refreshing sense of agency and opportunity, the characteristics of sound pedagogy and the expected outcomes of robust, dynamic classroom experiences.

The purposes of this project were to introduce (1) the four main college level English tests used in the People's Republic of China to expatriate English language educators, researchers, curriculum developers, and program designers; and (2) the college English language teaching situation in China to expatriates and give them information on where and how to apply for teaching positions there. The project produced two products to fulfill these goals. First, a paper titled an introduction to major university English tests in China: Their nature, development and importance is now ready to submit for publication. It is a paper that introduces all four of the main college level English tests in China to the outside world. It explains these high-stakes English tests to scholars outside of China. Second, a website, http://www.tesolinchina.blog.com, was created to fulfill the second goal of the project. It is the first website that provides those who are interested in teaching English in China with a complete list of major universities in each geographical region of China as well as other necessary information, and links to these universities.

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In today’s global business environment, multinational companies recognise that expatriate management is a major determinant of success in international business. Expatriates do not only face changes in the work environment but face a full range of cultural, personal and lifestyle changes that influence the success of an international assignment. This study investigates the relationship between cross-cultural training and expatriate adjustment. A quantitative longitudinal study was conducted within two phases to explore a European multinational companies cross-cultural training programme and its effects on expatriate adjustment in South Africa. Overseas experience, language proficiency, spousal adjustment, cultural distance and host country friendships were also explored as antecedents of adjustment. The empirical study included descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between cross-cultural training and expatriate adjustment. While previous overseas experience showed a significant positive influence on sociocultural adjustment, it had no significant effect on psychological well-being or culture shock. Cultural distance displayed a significant negative influence on sociocultural adjustment and psychological well-being / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com.