Research paper (M.I.M.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Buchinger.pdf: 6508385 bytes, checksum: 43c3902c34434ea92c276412dcd6d710 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The dengue fever disease is a public health problem in many countries. Whilst efforts on creating a vaccine have been expended, the adopted practice for controlling this disease is raising the population awareness about this problem. Teaching to youngsters however, has proven a challenging task. In this sense, using Serious Games is a way for increasing motivation, and the use of collaborative and competitive interactions altogether can provide more learning. Thus, a new collaborative-competitive Serious Game about dengue was designed and developed. As no design methodology to this type of game was found, motivational fundaments for games were adopted in order to guide the game design. The game was promoted and used by various audiences, from K-12 to post-graduates, in joint efforts for dengue fever awareness. In order to assess learning, 71 joint effort participants answered a questionnaire of dengue fever knowledge and confidence before and after the game usage. Based on the data gathered, an increase of 17.35% in the participants mean knowledge about dengue fever and an increase of 51.23% in the answers confidence were observed. Also, there was an increase of 74.07% participants that have obtained a grade equal to or greater than seven, on a scale of zero to ten. The results are strong evidence that Sherlock Dengue 8 can promote learning and confidence on the knowledge regarding dengue fever. / A doença da dengue tem se mostrado um problema de saúde pública em muitos países. Enquanto esforços estão sendo despendidos para a criação de uma vacina, a prática adotada para o controle desta doença é a conscientização da população sobre este problema. Ensinar os jovens entretanto, tem se mostrado uma tarefa desafiadora. Neste sentido, a proposta do uso de Jogos Sérios é um meio de aumentar a motivação e, o uso de interações colaborativas e competitivas, juntas, pode trazer maior aprendizado. Assim, um Jogo Sério Colaborativo-Competitivo sobre dengue foi projetado e desenvolvido. Como não se encontrou uma metodologia de design para este tipo de jogo, adotaram-se os fundamentos da área motivacional de jogos para orientar o design. O jogo foi promovido e utilizado por diversos públicos, do ensino fundamental à pós-graduação em mutirões de conscientização sobre a dengue. A fim de avaliar a aprendizagem com a utilização do jogo, 71 participantes responderam a um questionário de conhecimento e confiança antes e após o uso do jogo. Com base nos dados obtidos foi verificado um aumento médio de 17,35% no conhecimento sobre dengue, um aumento médio de 51,23% na confiança nas respostas e um aumento de 74,07% no número de participantes que obtiveram nota igual ou superior a sete, numa escala de zero a dez. Os resultados são fortes indícios de que o Sherlock Dengue 8 pode promover aprendizado e confiança no conhecimento sobre a dengue.

This thesis examines the impact of disease and mortality on the Royal Navy in the West Indies from 1770 to 1806. It also investigates the navy’s medical branch which was established to manage the care of sick seamen. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this thesis produces a cohesive understanding of how disease and mortality affected the navy’s presence in the West Indies and the ways in which the navy attempted to mitigate their impact. This thesis explores various aspects of naval medicine including the history of the Sick and Hurt Board, the diseases which distressed seamen, the medicines distributed by the navy, the key personnel who were integral in generating changes to the medical system and the development of hospital facilities. Largely based on Admiralty records including correspondence and minutes from the Sick and Hurt Board, ships’ muster books and surgeons’ journals, this thesis investigates the most prevalent diseases in the West Indies and the prescribed treatments advocated by the navy. It then examines how these diseases and treatments affected seamen on board ships in that region through a quantitative analysis; then focuses on a number of the integral naval personnel who ushered in sweeping changes to naval medicine; and explores the navy’s increasing desire to transition from hired sick quarters to purpose-built naval hospitals on various West Indies islands. It concludes with a case study of the development of Antigua naval hospital which demonstrates the effectiveness of these facilities in convalescing sick seamen. Through a quantitative analysis of ships’ muster books, this thesis argues that the levels of sickness and mortality in the navy in the West Indies during the late eighteenth century are largely exaggerated in historical studies while also discrediting the myth that those islands were the ‘white man’s graveyard’ for many naval personnel. By surveying over 100,000 seamen on board ships in that region, sickness and mortality figures emerge which indicate that, on average, less than 4 per cent of seamen were on the sick list at any given time and only a small percentage died, meaning that the majority remained on active duty. This thesis then argues that many of the changes to the navy’s medical system that facilitated such low percentages were primarily instigated by surgeons, physicians and captains who identified beneficial medicines and championed their general distribution among the entire fleet. By looking at these aspects of naval medicine through a multidisciplinary lens rather than a purely administrative one, it is possible to understand the true state of health of British seamen in the West Indies during the last quarter of the eighteenth century.

Orientador: Sandra Elisa Contri Pitton / Banca: Lucy Marion Calderini Philadelpho Machado / Banca: José Bueno Conti / Resumo: O crescimento urbano-industrial no Brasil, gerou contradições no espaço intra-urbano posto que as cidades apresentam em suas áreas periféricas habitações precárias, ambientes mal-concebidos e com saneamento inadequado e/ou ineficiente, atestando contra o conforto e saúde das pessoas, fato que propicia uma baixa qualidade ambiental e de vida. As doenças, principalmente as infecto-contagiosas, atualmente, se configuram em um excelente parâmetro para a investigação da qualidade ambiental e de vida urbana. As doenças transmissíveis, apesar de serem amplamente conhecidas, controladas e prevenidas, ainda causam altos índices de morbidade e de mortalidade e retratam a pobreza social, tecnológica e econômica, bem como o descaso político. A dengue, uma doença transmissível, reapareceu no espaço urbano devido a vários fatores sócio-ambientais, destaca-se: a falta de saneamento, o baixo nível educacional, fatores comportamentais, econômicos, culturais e falta de políticas públicas. No que diz respeito aos fatores ambientais destaca-se o clima, pois as temperaturas elevadas e as precipitações abundantes favorecem o desenvolvimento de vetores que, conseqüentemente, elevam o risco de doenças infecciosas. Desse modo, a presente investigação de mestrado buscou analisar as relações existentes entre o (re)aparecimento da Dengue e alterações socioambientais que ocorreram no espaço urbano de Piracicaba-SP, visando contribuir com as políticas públicas locais. Embasada na perspectiva da Geografia Socioambiental, a pesquisa utilizou-se de métodos e técnicas variadas, adotando uma postura pragmática. Assim, através da cartografia temática e da confecção de gráficos e tabelas, analisou-se a ocorrência espacial intra urbana da Dengue, que mostrou que a moléstia possui relações com o ritmo climático e com as variáveis sociais estudadas, principalmente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The urban industrial growth in Brazil, caused contradictions into urban areas, its because the cities showing in this poor areas precarious residences, uncertain environmental with inadequate and insufficient sanitation, acting against well-being and health of their residents, offering to their a low quality of environmental and low quality of life. The contagious illness, at moment, were a good parameters to investigate the quality of environmental and the quality of urban life. The transmissible illness, although been known, and could be prevented, it stills causing high taxes of morbidity and mortality and retreating the social and technological poor and political negligence. The Dengue Fever, a transmissible illness, come back (again) into the urban space in association with some factors like the no education of the people, no adequate sanitation and no political investments. The climate is a environmental factor that have association with the Dengue fever mainly the high temperatures and abundance rain whom that helped the vector cycle. In this way, the present paper analyzed the relationships between the occurrence of Dengue Fever and the environmental and social modifications in the urban space of Piracicaba-SP, and this work looking for helping the public sector. Using the Socioambiental perspective of Geography, this investigate adopt various techniques and methods. This paper analyzed the occurrence of Dengue Fever into the urban area using maps, graphics and tables, who shows that the illness has association with the climatic rhythm and with the density of houses and people. A final map was elaborated and it shows the urban areas were more affect about the Dengue Fever. This map shows the areas of risk to Dengue Fever. / Mestre

No description available.

This dissertation is concerned with Sylvia Plath's late works. Engaging with critical discussion of what constitutes the corpus of Ariel, I show that an appreciation of the editorial history reveals the beginning of a third book (the last poems), and opens up those difficult texts to fresh enquiry. Recent work in Plath studies has focused on visual art. Kathleen Connors and Sally Bayley's Eye Rhymes examines Plath’s own artwork in ‘an attempt to answer the question, How did Plath arrive at Ariel? (1) I contribute to that discussion, but also ask the questions, How did Plath leave Ariel behind and arrive at the even more remarkable last poems, and how did visual art enable those journeys? I argue that Ariel’s characteristically lucid style is informed by the dismantling of depth perspective in Post-Impressionist painting, and by the colour theory and pedagogy of the Bauhaus teachers. My work is underpinned by an appreciation of Plath’s unique cultural moment in mid-century East Coast America. I show how Plath’s knowledge of the theories, practice and iconic images of visual art, from the old masters to the Post-Impressionists, offered new possibilities for stylistic development. Working with archival materials including annotated works from Plath’s personal library and drafts of her poems, as well as published material, I examine the synthesis of visual and literary influences. Demonstrating specific textual relations between Plath and the work of Emily Dickinson, T. S. Eliot and W. B. Yeats, as well as other poets, I show that Plath’s visual poetics combine influences from the modern poets with her New Critical training and with painting and sculpture. I offer new readings of rarely discussed poems, such as ‘Totem’, ‘The Munich Mannequins’ and ‘Child’, as well as fresh insights into the well known works, ‘Tulips’, ‘The Moon and the Yew Tree’, ‘Fever 103º’, and ‘Edge’.

Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-07T14:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 000016.pdf: 46547429 bytes, checksum: 18c7868a9f15b2733d20b658bd7fe2c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O objetivo da tese é refletir sobre as atividades de saneamento no Estado do Amazonas no período da Primeira República no Brasil. O momento coincide com o auge e o declínio da economia da borracha, fazendo da Região um importante centro de repercussão da cultura e das idéias científicas. Analisamos como as idéias da medicina tropical foram apropriadas por médicos do Amazonas e como foram colocados em prática os princípios daquela disciplina, com o objetivo de realizar a profilaxia da febre amarela e da malária. Essas duas endemias mobilizaram os diversos atores em torno das teorias, que debatiam sobre os mecanismos de transmissão e sobre as formas de combater e controlar os vetores. Diferentes comissões atuaram no Amazonas nesse período, que envolveram: médicos,cientistas e engenheiros de Manaus, da Capital Federal e de Instituições internacionais. A única comissão que realizou o saneamento do interior do Estado foi o Serviço de Saneamento e Profilaxia Rural, que transformou o posto rural em posto itinerante. O saneamento do Amazonas foi proposto e realizado por estas diferentes comissões, que teve como pano de fundo o ambiente e o regime das águas: na capital os igarapés, e no interior a imensa rede de rios e lagos. O Amazonas, nesse período, constituiu-se, portanto, em uma espécie de laboratório para a pesquisa e a experimentação das idéias científicas correntes. A região, em relação à nação, afirmou a sua autonomia e a sua identidade, através da ação dos médicos e cientistas que refletiram sobre a o saneamento do Estado .

Submitted by Priscila Nascimento (pnascimento@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2012-12-05T16:27:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 francis-reisdorfer.pdf: 950272 bytes, checksum: cd830ca14cc83c70d5e0bee55d4e68e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-05T16:27:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 francis-reisdorfer.pdf: 950272 bytes, checksum: cd830ca14cc83c70d5e0bee55d4e68e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / A febre amarela (FA) é uma doença viral aguda, transmitida por mosquitos vetores, que pode causar doença grave e morte. O vírus da FA é um membro da família Flaviviridae do gênero Flavivírus. No Brasil, todas as regiões já apresentaram casos da doença e o número de casos fatais tem aumentado. Até hoje, a vacinação é o meio mais eficaz para prevenir e controlar a FA. A partir de 2011, o quantitativo solicitado tanto pelo Ministério da Saúde quanto para exportação aumentou, e este é um dos motivos que leva a discussão para a formação de um estoque estratégico deste produto em Bio-Manguinhos. Portanto, para que seja garantido o suprimento da vacina febre amarela (atenuada) aos órgãos nacionais e internacionais em momentos de maior demanda, assim como aumentar a oferta e melhorar o aproveitamento de doses distribuídas, evitando o desperdício de uma vacina estável, estudos de estabilidade foram realizados visando à extensão do prazo de validade das vacinas febre amarela (atenuada) 05 e 10 doses de 24 para 36 meses, quando armazenadas a -20ºC e a 2-8ºC. Para aanálise da estabilidade da vacina 10 doses, foram avaliados dados retrospectivos de potência, termoestabilidade, umidade residual, e outros parâmetros menos críticos, obtidos a partir de estudos de estabilidade longa duração (-20ºC e 2-8ºC / 48 meses) e pós-reconstituição (2-8ºC / 08 horas), assim como dados obtidos nos períodos de 2009 e 2010. Para a análise da estabilidade da vacina 05 doses, foram avaliados dados retrospectivos de potência obtidos de estudos de acompanhamento da estabilidade realizados entre 2003 e 2009 (-20ºC / 36 meses), além de estudos complementares de acompanhamento da estabilidade, realizados com lotes produzidos entre2005 e 2006 (-20ºC e 2-8ºC / 48 meses). Os dados obtidos para ambas as apresentações puderam ser comparados, pois elas são constituídas pela mesma formulação, diferenciando-se somente no volume de envase. Para a análise estatística dos dados foram utilizados a regressão linear, a análise de covariância (ANCOVA), além do cálculo de intervalos de confiança, intervalos preditivos e extrapolação de dados. Os resultados de potência e termoestabilidade tanto para a vacina05 doses quanto para a 10 doses decaem ao longo do tempo de armazenamento em ambas as temperaturas, entretanto permanecem de acordo com as respectivas especificações. Já os resultadosde umidade residual obtidos para a vacina 10 doses revelaram um incremento na umidade ao longo do tempo, mas também se mantêm de acordo com a respectiva especificação. Os resultados de potência e esterilidade, obtidos para a vacina 10 doses em estudos pós-reconstituição, também demonstraram a estabilidade deste produto armazenado por 08 horas a 2-8ºC. Portanto, o prazo de validade das vacinas febre amarela (atenuada) 05 e 10 doses pode ser estendidopara 36 meses, quando armazenado a -20ºC ou a 2-8ºC, sem alteração de sua qualidade. / Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral disease, transmitted by mosquitoes, which can cause serious illness and death. The YF virus is a member of the Flaviviridaefamily, Flavivirus genus. In Brazil, all regions have already had cases of the disease and the number of fatalities has increased. Until now, vaccination is the only effective means to prevent and control YF. From 2011, the amount of vaccine requested by Ministry of Health and for exports increased, and this is one of the reasons leading the discussion for the formation of a strategic stock of this product in Bio-Manguinhos. Therefore, to ensure the regularsupply of yellow fever vaccine (attenuated) to the national and international agencies in timesof high demand, as well as increase supply and improve the use of doses distributed, avoiding the waste of a stable vaccine, stability studies were performed to propose the extension of the shelf-life of yellow fever vaccine 05 doses (YFV-05) and 10 doses (YFV-10) from 24 to 36 months when stored at -20ºC and 2-8°C. For the stability analysis of YFV-10 were evaluated retrospective potency, thermostability and residual moisture data, and other parameters less critical, obtained from studies of long-term stability (-20ºC and 2-8ºC / 48 months) and after reconstitution (2-8ºC / 08 hours) as well as data obtained during the periods of 2009 and 2010. To analyze the stability of YFV-05 were evaluated retrospective potency data obtained from annual stability studiesconducted between 2003 and 2009 (-20ºC / 36 months) in addition to complementary annual stability studies, carried out with batches produced between 2005 and 2006 (-20ºC and 2-8ºC / 48 months). The data obtained for both presentation could be compared because both have the same formulation, differing only in filling volume. For the statistical analysis were used linear regression, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and the calculation of confidence intervals, predictive intervals and data extrapolation. The results of potency and thermostability for both YFV-05 and YFV-10 decay over time at both storage temperatures and remain according to specifications. However, the results obtained for residual moisture to YFV-10 revealed an increase in moisture over time, but remaining according to specification. Analysis of potency and sterility obtained for YFV-10 after reconstitution study also demonstrated the stability of the product stored for 08 hours to 2-8°C. Therefore, the shelf-life of yellow fever vaccine 05 and 10 doses may be extended for 36 months when stored at -20 C or 2-8ºC, without changing itsquality.

La fièvre de la Vallée du Rift (FVR) est une zoonose due à un virus transmissible par une large variété de vecteurs. Au cours des quinze dernières années, elle a rendu malades des dizaines de milliers de personnes, entrainé des centaines de décès humains et provoqué la mort de plus de 100 000 ruminants domestiques en Afrique et dans la péninsule arabique. Suite à la découverte de la présence du virus à Mayotte, les autorités sanitaires, le Cirad (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement) et les éleveurs ont créé en 2009 un système de surveillance en santé animale, le SESAM. L‘objectif de cette thèse était de faire un état des lieux de la situation épidémiologique de la FVR chez les ruminants à Mayotte en 2012-2013, d’évaluer les perspectives de persistance de la maladie et d’étudier les perceptions et les priorités des éleveurs vis-à-vis de cette maladie. En 2012, le fonctionnement du dispositif de surveillance de la FVR a été révisé avec un renouvellement partiel du groupe d’éleveurs sentinelles et un renforcement de la surveillance événementielle basée sur la recherche systématique de la FVR en cas d’avortement ou de mortalité anormale. Une baisse continue de la séroprévalence de 2010 à 2013 a été observée. En 2012-2013, le taux d’incidence est resté stable avec environ deux séroconversions pour 100 animaux-ans. Ce taux est très inférieur au taux d’incidence de 18% observé en 2011. Le virus de la FVR n’a été détecté dans aucun des prélèvements réalisés dans le cadre de la déclaration officielle des avortements chez les ruminants (n=41). Des critères d’évaluation de la performance du dispositif de surveillance ont été proposés et ont mis en évidence une amélioration de la qualité des données entre 2010 et 2013. Un modèle dynamique de type SIR a permis d’estimer le niveau de transmission hôte-vecteur attendu qui expliquerait au mieux la séroprévalence observée de 2008 à 2013 à Mayotte. La probabilité de transmission hôte-vecteur estimée par ce modèle est cinq fois plus faible qu’attendue. Dans ces conditions, la probabilité de persistance de la FVR, en l’absence de nouvelle introduction d’animaux virémiques reste inférieure à 10%, cinq ans après l’arrivée du virus. Enfin, la priorisation des problèmes sanitaires à Mayotte par une démarche d’épidémiologie participative et des réunions d’éleveurs a mis en évidence que les cinq problèmes spontanément rapportés comme les plus importants chez les bovins sont dans l’ordre le charbon symptomatique, les tiques, le syndrome « bavite-fièvre-grippe», le syndrome « dermatophilose-boutons » et la diarrhée. La FVR est absente de ce classement mais les avortements arrivent en 9ème position et à la première selon le critère de « risque ». La surveillance, et les approches interdisciplinaires de modélisation et de sciences humaines doivent être poursuivies pour évaluer plus précisément le risque de réémergence de la FVR à Mayotte et anticiper les réponses à y apporter. La surveillance doit aussi s’adapter aux attentes des éleveurs et développer l’approche syndromique ainsi que s’intégrer pleinement aux dispositifs régionaux et nationaux. / Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne zoonosis, with a wide variety of potential competent vectors. During the last fifteen years, RVF caused tens of thousands of human cases, hundreds of human deaths and more than 100,000 domestic ruminant deaths in Africa and in the Arabic peninsula. After the first detection of RVF in Mayotte, an animal health surveillance network has been created in 2009, namely the SESAM. The aim of this PhD was to assess the epidemiological situation of Mayotte toward RVF in 2012-2013, to assess the persistence probability of RVF in the territory and to document farmers’ perceptions and health priorities. In 2012, RVF surveillance has been revised in order to partially renew the pool of the sentinel herds. The passive surveillance with systematic RVF detection assay on abortion and abnormal mortality was enforced. A continuous decrease in the seroprevalence was observed based on 2010-2013 data. During 2012-2013, a steady incidence rate of about 2 seroconversions per 100 animal-year was observed. This rate is much lower than the previous assessment of 18% during 2011. RVF virus was not detected in any of the 41 declared abortion cases. Surveillance performance criteria were discussed and assessed showing mainly an increase in data quality between 2010 and 2013. A SIR dynamic model was built based on vector knowledge and observed seroprevalence in Mayotte from 2008 to 2013. Estimated host-vector transmission rate was fivefold lower than expected according to current literature. Persistence probability, without reintroduction of viremic animals, was predicted to be 10% five years after virus introduction. Finally, health problem prioritization in Mayotte was studied through focus groups, gathering 164 farmers. The five main issues stated were: blackleg, ticks, a respiratory « fever/flu-like» syndrome, a dermatologic syndrome and diarrhoea. RVF was absent from the priority problems list in which abortions were ranked 9th. However abortions came first when « risk » criteria was taken into account, raising issues of cultural risk perceptions. Further surveillance and research using transdisciplinary approaches that mix mathematical modelling and the humanities should be continued with the view to assess more precisely reemergence probability in Mayotte and anticipate mitigating measures. Surveillance and research should also align with farmers’ expectations. The development of syndromic surveillance (abortion, death, etc.) requires strengthening surveillance network and identification data quality. Mayotte surveillance components should also be fully integrated within the regional and national schemes.

In this work, there was observed the influence of feeding an anionic salt on acid-base value in the urine (ABV) and on a level of the calcium in the urine in high yielding dairy cows. This mineral ingredient was tested for two feeding rates: winter - conserved, summer - pasture and was fed in a rate 450 g per a cow and a day. In the winter experimental period there were found no changes in AVB and the effect of Rindavit MF Sauer wasn´t expressed. In the sum-mer experimental period the influence of Rindavit MF Sauer on acid-base balance was fully expressed although the high potassium level in the feed rate. We found statistically significant differences between control and experimental group at observing levels of calcium and the effect of the anionic salt was shown. There was found no case of the milk fever in experimental group cows dduring the whole test. By contrast, there were recorded two cases of the milk fever in the control group cows. At feeding the anionic salt, we didn't find any negative effect on the acid - base balance and the health of the cows.