The work focuses on the application of satellite navigation systems in the different transport fields. It describes the general principle of operation of navigation systems, as well as its history and development. The following section describes the current navigation systems, the principle of operation, architecture and services. A separate chapter is devoted to being the European Galileo system and its services. Practical work deals with the applications according to the navigation systems across different transport sectors. In addition to the transport sector are given applications in other areas of human activity. The main part is devoted to the application in the monitoring and management of the company's fleet. Part of the analysis is the calculation of the efficiency of this investment.

The level of autonomation and the number situations which an autonomous vehicle can handle continuously increases. However, even fully autonomous vehicles will need human support, especially when system failures occur. Remote operations enables vehicles to operate autonomously when possible and keeps the human in the loop to assist when needed by allocating them to a remote operating center (ROC). It is a new field within autonomous trucks and little research has thus been conducted on the topic. By taking an approach from the fields of aviation and maritime, where remote operations has been researched for longer, the study aims to transfer knowledge to road freight and to enable remote operations at a management mode. The focus of the study is thus to investigate which information is important for the remote operator (RO) when manual procedures are automated, and to define recommendations for how a ROC could be designed from a human-automation teamwork and situational awareness perspective. The results of the conducted interviews find that the RO first and foremost needs information regarding failures of the automation, including how the failures could be solved. However, it also confirms previous research emphasizing interactive interfaces to avoid passive monitoring, as that is likely to cause an out-of-the-loop problem. Furthermore, recommendations which could be defined regarding the design of a ROC include incorporating both verbal and digital communicational abilities, and the possibility to collaborate, both internally and externally. Lastly, the results show an importance to differentiate between different modes of remote operations in the ROC to remain clear of the responsible actor and avoiding automation surprise.

Driven by recent technical advances, vehicle-based transportation systems in intralogistics are currently shifting from automated guided vehicles (AGVs) to autonomous mobile robots (AMRs). Unlike AGVs, AMRs are not bound to a physical or virtual track and autonomously determine their movements. While the increase in freedom for routing leads to improvements in terms of system flexibility and scalability, it also poses new challenges in terms of coordination and thus the high-performance routing behavior of an entire fleet. Accepted and widely used algorithms in the AGV field are often barely applicable to large fleets of free-ranging AMRs, while typical algorithms from the field of mobile robotics usually focus on different objectives. This thesis presents a novel concept for determining global routes, the so-called lanemap, that enables the synchronized movements of multiple free-ranging vehicles in arbitrary layouts without increasing calculation effort during online operations. The basic idea consists in creating a lanemap offline that provides the AMRs with a set of suggested global lanes from various starting positions to different destinations. On the one hand, the application of a lanemap lowers each AMRs’ individual degree of freedom. However, coordinating lanes sensibly beforehand enables short travel distances as well as a low probability of routing conflicts, which improves the performance of the entire AMR fleet on the other hand. Since the lanemap only provides an offline calculated global route as suggestion, the concept can be combined with any established online approach, such as a local conflict avoidance/resolution approach, or with in-depth coordination of all vehicle movements. This thesis presents a theoretical mathematical model and a practically applicable heuristic approach for the creation of a lanemap. As proof of concept, simulation experiments show that the heuristic is generally capable of creating lanemaps for all different kinds of layouts. Furthermore, the concept allows for the determination of customized routes for a specific fleet size and an anticipated transportation demand. Therefore, once system requirements are known, a beneficial set of lanemaps for typical constellations can be calculated in advance and integrated into routing as needed.

As usinas sucroalcooleiras utilizam grandes áreas para o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, conhecidas como fundos agrícolas. Nesses fundos agrícolas, as atividades são realizadas por uma grande quantidade de máquinas agrícolas diferentes. As necessidades dessas máquinas, como combustível, óleo lubrificante e outras, são supridas pelos comboios de manutenção. Este trabalho visa propor um método para alocação e dimensionamento da frota de comboios de manutenção para o atendimento às máquinas. Para tanto foi utilizado um Sistema de Informações Geográficas aplicado a transportes (SIG-T), denominado comercialmente por TransCAD. Um estudo de caso foi realizado na Usina da· Barra S.A., localizada no município de Barra Bonita, centro oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Diversas simulações de atendimento, com configurações diferentes de distribuição das máquinas, foram realizadas. O atendimento às situações reais de distribuição das máquinas também foi analisado, com o objetivo de confrontar os dados reais de atendimento com os resultados obtidos através da aplicação da metodologia proposta. Foram obtidas as rotas e, conseqüentemente, o número de comboios necessários para o atendimento no período de safra e de entressafra. Com relação à aplicação do TransCAD na roteirização, pode-se constatar uma redução de até 19,6% na distância total percorrida pela frota de comboios no primeiro turno de trabalho em um dos dias analisados. / The sugar-cane industries use large areas for the cultivation of the sugar-cane. In these areas, different agricultural machines carry out several activities. The basic needs of these machines, such as fuel, lubrication and others, are supplied by a fleet of vehicles. The objective of this work is to propose a method to analyze the number of vehicles to compose the fleet already mentioned, based on the application of a Geographical lnformation System (GIS), commercially denominated by TransCAD. A case study was done in the Usina da Barra S.A. company, located at Barra Bonita city, State of São Paulo. Several situations of attendance were simulated with different distribution of machines, based in the initial annual planning of the company. We also analyzed the attendance of real distribution of machines with the objective of comparing the results obtained through the application of the proposed method and the real operation. The routes were obtained and, consequently, the necessary number of vehicles for the attendance. In relation to the application of TransCAD in the routing, a reduction of 19,6% was verified in the total distance traveled by the fleet of vehicles.

As usinas sucroalcooleiras utilizam grandes áreas para o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, conhecidas como fundos agrícolas. Nesses fundos agrícolas, as atividades são realizadas por uma grande quantidade de máquinas agrícolas diferentes. As necessidades dessas máquinas, como combustível, óleo lubrificante e outras, são supridas pelos comboios de manutenção. Este trabalho visa propor um método para alocação e dimensionamento da frota de comboios de manutenção para o atendimento às máquinas. Para tanto foi utilizado um Sistema de Informações Geográficas aplicado a transportes (SIG-T), denominado comercialmente por TransCAD. Um estudo de caso foi realizado na Usina da· Barra S.A., localizada no município de Barra Bonita, centro oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Diversas simulações de atendimento, com configurações diferentes de distribuição das máquinas, foram realizadas. O atendimento às situações reais de distribuição das máquinas também foi analisado, com o objetivo de confrontar os dados reais de atendimento com os resultados obtidos através da aplicação da metodologia proposta. Foram obtidas as rotas e, conseqüentemente, o número de comboios necessários para o atendimento no período de safra e de entressafra. Com relação à aplicação do TransCAD na roteirização, pode-se constatar uma redução de até 19,6% na distância total percorrida pela frota de comboios no primeiro turno de trabalho em um dos dias analisados. / The sugar-cane industries use large areas for the cultivation of the sugar-cane. In these areas, different agricultural machines carry out several activities. The basic needs of these machines, such as fuel, lubrication and others, are supplied by a fleet of vehicles. The objective of this work is to propose a method to analyze the number of vehicles to compose the fleet already mentioned, based on the application of a Geographical lnformation System (GIS), commercially denominated by TransCAD. A case study was done in the Usina da Barra S.A. company, located at Barra Bonita city, State of São Paulo. Several situations of attendance were simulated with different distribution of machines, based in the initial annual planning of the company. We also analyzed the attendance of real distribution of machines with the objective of comparing the results obtained through the application of the proposed method and the real operation. The routes were obtained and, consequently, the necessary number of vehicles for the attendance. In relation to the application of TransCAD in the routing, a reduction of 19,6% was verified in the total distance traveled by the fleet of vehicles.

Submitted by David Martins Zini (zinibr@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-27T01:24:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MPA_David Zini_Final.pdf: 2374573 bytes, checksum: 1c3b3306314290573dd52a0997d9bc07 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-03-28T18:28:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MPA_David Zini_Final.pdf: 2374573 bytes, checksum: 1c3b3306314290573dd52a0997d9bc07 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-02T13:31:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MPA_David Zini_Final.pdf: 2374573 bytes, checksum: 1c3b3306314290573dd52a0997d9bc07 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T13:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MPA_David Zini_Final.pdf: 2374573 bytes, checksum: 1c3b3306314290573dd52a0997d9bc07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-19 / Na Gestão de Frotas Leves Corporativas no Brasil, o que é melhor ‒ terceirizar ou gerir a própria frota? Este trabalho propôs-se a identificar as variáveis mais relevantes no processo de decisão entre 'TER' ou 'TERCEIRIZAR' quanto à necessidade que algumas das empresas privadas brasileiras possuem em dispor de uma frota de veículos leves. Entre os diversos elementos envolvidos nesta lógica decisória, poder-se-ia destacar a capacidade de auferir desempenho comparativo; a assimetria da informação e o conhecimento sobre os custos reais da empresa. Neste estudo, pretendeu-se compreender o processo de tomada de decisão aplicado especificamente à Gestão da Frota de Veículos Leves das empresas privadas nacionais. Inclui-se neste conceito de Gestão de Frotas Leves, os veículos, as manutenções, a documentação e o monitoramento. Inicialmente, optou-se por analisar dados secundários referenciando a literatura sobre a teoria da firma, definição de fronteiras verticais, mercados competitivos, indústrias com baixo poder de barganha frente aos compradores e dificuldades para substituir produtos e soluções tradicionais. Na sequência, formatou-se uma pesquisa pelo método quantitativo-descritivo, sobre uma base de Gestores de Frotas Leves do Brasil, para identificarem-se os fatores mais relevantes na tomada de decisão entre terceirizar ou verticalizar este serviço. Finalmente, foram individualizados os aspectos mais relevantes nesta tomada de decisão empresarial e de que maneira eles seriam 'as variáveis' para preferência entre os modelos de contratação, bem como se propôs um modelo com nova abordagem ao mercado que, acredita-se, poderá desenvolver-se. / In the corporate light fleet management in Brazil context, what's the best choice, outsourcing or in-house management? The purpose of this study understands those more relevant variables on decision making process between 'buy' or 'make' regarding of Brazilian's private companies, which are demanding for light fleet vehicles. Among the different factor involved on this logical think we could highlight, capacity for major comparative performance, information asymmetric and well know of real firm's costs. This study intends to understand the decision-making process in Light Fleet Management on Brazilian private companies, which are included vehicles, maintenances, documentations handling, and controls. On the beginning, we are analyzing primary data from lecture on the classical theory of the firm, defining vertical frontiers of the firm, industries with low bargain power against buyers and difficulties for replacement traditional solutions. On the sequence, we do format a described - quantitative method of searching on the Brazilian Fleet Management base for identify the key factors on the decision-making process between outsourcing or in-house solution. Finally, we could identify more representative aspects of this managerial decision and how the 'variables' of preferences has been influenced those different contract models and proposed a new market approach with intention of leverage this industry.

This thesis analyzes actual situation of company fleet management. It describes development of road transport and influence on corporate vehicles. It provides an insight into the legislative conditions for lending cars to employees and car policy. It also focuses on posibilities of financing as are operative leasing, financial leasing, purchase from own and foreign sources. Next chapter describes total cost of ownership, which are, for example service costs, fuel, insurance and other. The thesis contains case study that analyzes development of business trips, number of pool cars and manager cars and real costs of fleet management based on actual data provided by the company. At the end of the thesis several solutions and suggestions are proposed. With these ideas could company save money and improve organization of work.

The road based transportation operations are growing rapidly, but the current infrastructure cannot sustain the entire growth. At the same time vehicle utilisation and fill rates are low. Improved efficiency of the operations is a necessary way forward for road based transportation. Parallel to this, heavy vehicle producers are currently improving the efficiency with services accompanying the product that are focused on the driver and the vehicle performance. However, the data from connected vehicles required for these services only entail a small amount of the operational data generated by connected vehicles. The case study aims to answer how to use connected vehicle operational data in order to suggest value adding services in a dynamic road distribution system. The applied methodology is an inductive study with an explanatory approach to map the current and future service offerings of the case company. This knowledge is combined with an exploratory approach with interviews of transport planners and theories of Lean and fleet management. Primarily, it is concluded that the perspective of operational data requires widening. Considering not only driver and vehicle operations but rather the entire transport operation of a company. It is also concluded that value creation with operational data is possible during three phases of fleet management. First, if knowledge about order data is accessible, the planning of transportations can be improved using route optimisation and operations research. Secondly, it is possible to create value during the execution phase, throughless manual supervision and communication by transport planners. Lastly, both the currently used operational data and further data usage can contribute to a better understanding of the performance of a fleet operation and facilitate for continuous improvements during an evaluation phase.

El presente trabajo de tesis tiene como objetivo presentar una solución de optimización al proceso “Gestión de flota” de una empresa dedicada al transporte de carga por carretera de mercancías en general. Para la arquitectura empresarial se utilizó el framework Zachman, que permitió realizar el análisis del negocio, su entorno, estructura y procesos, bajo la perspectiva del negocio como caja negra que necesita descifrarse. Lo cual permitió que se comprenda el propósito y los objetivos para la cual fue creado el negocio. Adicionalmente, se utilizó TOGAF y ADM, del resultado del análisis se observa que el macroproceso de “Gestión de Flota”, es uno de los procesos operativos de vital importancia para el negocio, pues es donde se administra los recursos operativos del negocio, también, es donde se evidenciará la problemática que será motivo de estudio, análisis y planteamiento de solución. Por otro lado, se usó la Guía PMBOK, para poder gestionar el desarrollo del proyecto, determinando el alcance de la investigación, así como, el análisis del negocio, la definición de la arquitectura empresarial, el análisis de la problemática, la ingeniería de los procesos, la propuesta solución, arquitectura de solución utilizando tendencias tecnológicas como GPS, SMS Gateway, Machine Learning y BI, por último, se diseñará el prototipado de la solución y arquitectura propuesta. Asimismo, se utilizará la gestión de riesgos para poder mitigar cualquier incidencia. / The objective of this thesis work is to present an optimization solution to the "Fleet Management" process of a company dedicated to the road freight transport of goods in general. For the business architecture, the Zachman framework was used, which allowed the analysis of the business, its environment, structure and processes, from the perspective of the business as a black box that needs to be deciphered. Which allowed the purpose and objectives for which the business was created to be understood. Additionally, we use TOGAF and ADM, from the result of the analysis it is observed that the macro-process of "Fleet Management" is one of the operational processes of vital importance for the business, since it is where the operational resources of the business are managed, it is also where the problem that will be the subject of study, analysis and solution proposal will be evidenced. On the other hand, the PMBOK Guide was used to manage the development of the project, determining the scope of the research, as well as the business analysis, the definition of the business architecture, the analysis of the problem, the engineering of the processes, the proposed solution, solution architecture using technological trends such as GPS, SMS Gateway, Machine Learning and BI, finally, the prototyping of the proposed solution and architecture will be designed. Likewise, risk management will be used to mitigate any incident. / Tesis

<p dir="ltr">The emergence of Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR) signifies a pivotal shift in vehicle-based material handling systems, demonstrating their effectiveness across a broad spectrum of applications. Advancing beyond the traditional Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV), AMRs offer unprecedented flexibility in movement, liberated from electromagnetic guidance constraints. Their decentralized control architecture not only enables remarkable scalability but also fortifies system resilience through advanced conflict resolution mechanisms. Nevertheless, transitioning from AGV to AMR presents intricate challenges, chiefly due to the expanded complexity in path planning and task selection, compounded by the heightened potential for conflicts from their dynamic interaction capabilities. This dissertation confronts these challenges by fully leveraging the technological advancements of AMRs. A kinematic-enabled agent-based simulator was developed to replicate AMR system behavior, enabling detailed analysis of fleet dynamics and interactions within AMR intralogistics systems and their environments. Additionally, a comprehensive fleet management protocol was formulated to enhance the throughput of AMR-based intralogistics systems from an integrated perspective. A pivotal discovery of this research is the inadequacy of existing path planning protocols to provide reliable plans throughout their execution, leading to task allocation decisions based on inaccurate plan information and resulting in false optimality. In response, a novel machine learning enhanced probabilistic Multi-Robot Path Planning (MRPP) protocol was introduced to ensure the generation of dependable path plans, laying a solid foundation for task allocation decisions. The contributions of this dissertation, including the kinematic-enabled simulator, the fleet management protocol, and the MRPP protocol, are intended to pave the way for practical enhancements in autonomous vehicle-based material handling systems, fostering the development of solutions that are both innovative and applicable in industrial practices.<br></p>