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141	Appeal mechanisms and Investment Court Systems in Investor-State Dispute Settlement : An analysis of AM and ICS suggestions, in light of contemporary reform Drakopoulos, David January 2021 (has links) We begin with a short analysis of the history of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS). We then discuss the merits and demerits of the regime, such as the arguments between finality, speediness, and correctness. Following from this, historical reforms are discussed, and whether those issues have gotten worse or better since these discussions. The modern problems are discussed, leading to the explanation of the “legitimacy crisis”. As Appellate Mechanisms (AM) and Investment Court Systems (ICS) both propose multi layered systems, we argue whether ISDS must be a “one bite at the apple” system. We expand on the issues of regulatory chill, before showing the contradictions in the granting of awards. From this, a discussion is raised on the advantages of a tenured system of adjudicators, particularly in reference to their apparent bias. We delve deeper into the direct consequences of the perceived issues of ISDS, in the context of human rights, the environment, and other issues of sovereignty.As more reforms are suggested, the question of “what makes arbitration, arbitration?” is raised. From here, we may begin to suggest reforms based on which key factors are to be preserved. Firstly, we discuss current reform options, such as the Mauritius Convention. We take inspiration from existing AM, and prior discussions on the implementation of such a system across the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) frameworks. We analyse whether these discussions have led to change by comparing trends in drafting.Thereon, we offer suggestions of reform. ICS and how this would be implemented, what it would look like structurally, and its positive and negative effects. Using the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and other contemporary ICS reform suggestions, we gain some knowledge of what an ICS regime could and should look like, the implementation of AM previously discussed in this regime, and other. Finally, we offer a different solution to the problems, yet less pragmatic, the termination of arbitration. arbitration investor State ISDS IIA BIT appellate mechanism AM Investment Court System ICS economic imperialism status quo regime environment human rights multilateral investment court MIC UNCITRAL ICSID CETA ECA European Court of Arbitration foreign investment capital capital importing capital exporting reform international investment law IIL Law and Society Juridik och samhälle
142	Návrh strategie rozvoje obchodních aktivit firmy v rámci evropského vnitřního trhu. / Company´s Business development strategy in terms of European Market Heřmanová, Martina January 2008 (has links) There is a rising number of companies, which have to face the appeals of International Markets. It is not possible to stop the economic development in many sectors of the market. When the company wants to keep it´s lasting existence and success it is not sufficient to concentrate on the National Market only. If the company wants to enter the International Market it is necessary to assure a processing of appropriate analyses. Entering the International Market brings both the business opportunities and the mature market threats as well. The submitted Master´s thesis describes the partial activities – planning, supervision, organization and human resources management.
143	Regelungstypen internationaler Investitionen : Grenzüberschreitender Kapitalverkehr im Völkerrecht und innerstaatlichen Wirtschaftsrecht Gramlich, Ludwig, Hahn, Hugo J. 13 January 2009 (has links) Der Beitrag unternimmt eine Systematisierung internationaler Investitionen insbesondere in ihrem Verhältnis zum grenzüberschreitenden Kapitalverkehr im Hinblick auf unterschiedliche Regelungsebenen anhand der Akteure (Investoren), Rechtsquellen und Gestaltungsformen; ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Abgrenzung der Regelungsbefugnisse und -instrumente von Gast- und Heimatstaaten grenzüberschreitend tätiger Unternehmen. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330 ddc:330 info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/340 ddc:340 Entwicklungsländer Europarecht Internationaler Währungsfonds Internationales Wirtschaftsrecht Investitionsschutz Juristische Person Multinationales Unternehmen Natürliche Person Repatriierung Sozialistische Staaten Staatsangehörigkeit Steuer Völkerrecht Andenpakt-Recht Calvo-Doktrin Cartagena Agreement Foreign Investment Portfolio-Investitionen Transnational Commercial Law ausländische Kapitalanlagen joint venture privatrechtliche Gesellschaften transnationales Recht
144	Ochrana investic v plynárenském sektoru: Perspektivy právních vztahů mezi Evropskou unií a Ruskou federací / Protection of Investments in Gas Sector: The Perspectives of Legal Relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation Lyapina, Elmira January 2017 (has links) The absence of a relevant legal basis between huge commercial partners such as the EU as a single entity and the Russian Federation promoted the emergence of a legal vacuum. The long term cooperation between Russia and the EU has only one bilateral agreement - the Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation signed in 1994, which is however obsolete, and does not meet the contemporary needs. The adequate legal basis for Russia-EU cooperation in the gas sector is still missing. The protection of investments in the gas sector is being realized by bilateral agreements between Russia and EU member states, soft law and general international agreements, without any specifications for those two partners. The only international instrument covering the energy relations of these two partners - Energy Charter Treaty cannot be considered as a reliable mechanism, as Russia withdrew from it more than 8 years ago. The reasons of the withdrawal and the Yukos case as an illustrative example are discussed in this paper. In order to avoid uncertainty in such strategic area as gas investment relations and unpredictable decisions between the states represented by the commercial entities, there is a need to design a substantive legal basis, and a need to consider on the adequate dispute resolution body. In this thesis, key...

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