Nous revisitons la méthode classique des paramétrices pour en déduire une minoration et une majoration gaussiennes, pour la solution fondamentale d'un opérateur parabolique général sous forme non divergentielle. Nous utilisons ensuite le fait que la fonction de Neumann Green, d'un opérateur parabolique général sur un ouvert borné régulier, peut être construite comme somme de la solution fondamentale et d'une intégrale de type simple couche parabolique pour établir une minoration gaussienne pour cette fonction de Neumann Green. Le point clef de la preuve réside dans l'effet régularisant, en temps, de l'intégrale de type simple couche. Nous démontrons aussi que cette approche peut être adaptée pour démontrer une minoration gaussienne pour la fonction de Green-Neumann correspondante à l'opérateur de Laplace-Beltrami sur un ouvert régulier d'une variété riemannienne compacte sans bord. Nous démontrons ensuite une nouvelle majoration gaussienne pour la fonction de Neumann Green correspondante à l'opérateur de Laplace-Beltrami sur un ouvert Lipschitz d'une variété riemannienne complète. L'intérêt de cette nouvelle majoration est qu'elle ne contient pas le terme habituel d'une exponentielle en temps. Finalement, comme application des estimations gaussiennes, nous donnons un résultat de compacité des potentiels isospectraux en relation avec une formule asymptotique pour les noyaux de la chaleur / We revisit the parametrix method in order to obtain a gaussian two-sided bound for the fundamental solution of a general parabolic operator which is not in a divergence form. Then we use the fact that the Neumann Green function of a general parabolic operator on a regular bounded domain can be constructed as a perturbation of the fundamental solution by a simple-layer potential in order to establish a Gaussian lower bound for this Neumann Green function. The key point of the proof lies in the time-regularising effect of the single-layer potential. We also prove that this method can be adapted to get a lower Gaussian bound for the Neumann heat kernel of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on an open subset of a compact Riemannian manifold. In a second part, we prove a new Gaussian upper bound for the Neumann heat kernel of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a Lipschitz domain of a complete Riemannian manifold. The principal interest of this new upper bound is that we do not have the usual exponentiel terme in time in this upper bound. In a last part, as an application of the Gaussian estimates, we give a compactness result of isospectral potentials which is in relation to an asymptotic formule for the heat kernels

<p>Real-time sound synthesis in computer games using physical modeling is an area with great potential. To date, most sounds are pre-recorded to match a certain event. Instead by using a model to describe the sound producing event, a number of problems encountered when using pre-recorded sounds can be avoided. This thesis will introduce these problems and present a solution. The thesis will also evaluate one such physical model, for rain sound, and implement a real- time simulation to demonstrate the advantages of the method.</p>

No description available.

Real-time sound synthesis in computer games using physical modeling is an area with great potential. To date, most sounds are pre-recorded to match a certain event. Instead by using a model to describe the sound producing event, a number of problems encountered when using pre-recorded sounds can be avoided. This thesis will introduce these problems and present a solution. The thesis will also evaluate one such physical model, for rain sound, and implement a real- time simulation to demonstrate the advantages of the method.

La prédiction du couplage d’interférences électromagnétiques avec les systèmes électroniques sensibles situés dans des enceintes blindées est devenue une nécessité dans le domaine de la compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) des systèmes complexes. L’étude du couplage d’un champ ÉM avec et à l’intérieur de l’enceinte d’un équipement électronique a été réalisée antérieurement en utilisant des méthodes numériques et analytiques. Le travail de recherche présenté tout au long de ce document de thèse à pour but d’apporter une contribution à une meilleure compréhension des modèles analytiques permettant d’évaluer rapidement les niveaux de couplages induits sur un équipement électronique, en représentant celui-ci sous forme d’une enceinte métallique qui contient des monopôles, des dipôles, des plans de masse représentatifs de cartes et des lignes de transmissions. Après avoir établi le modèle physique de la fonction de Green (FG) relative à une cavité rectangulaire, la première partie à été consacrée à l’étude du couplage ÉM à l’intérieur d’une enceinte métallique rectangulaire en employant les modèles ILCM (Intermediat Level Circuit Model). Dans la deuxième partie de ce document, nous avons exploité le modèle ILCM pour l’étude du couplage ÉM avec des structures filaires de petite dimension. Afin d’étudier le couplage ÉM avec une ligne de transmission (LT) située à l’intérieur de l’enceinte d’un équipement électronique, nous avons développé au cours de la dernière partie de ce manuscrit un nouveau modèle du couplage. Différentes configurations ont été analysées, les résultats obtenus par ces analyses ont été comparés et validés avec Temsi-FD et avec les mesures expérimentales. / He electromagnetic interferences (EMI) coupling inside metallic cavities that constitutes the shielding of electronic cards is an important problem in the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) domain. The electromagnetic (EM) coupling with transmission lines (TL) or other objects located inside an enclosure has been investigated by different authors. Previous analyses have been made using numerical and analytical methods. The goal of the research work presented in this manuscript is to make a contribution to a better understanding of the analytical models allowing to predict the EM coupling level induced on an electronic device. After the establishment the physical model for the modal representation of the Green function (GF), the first part is devoted to analyse the EM coupling within enclosure by using the ILCM (Intermediat Level Circuit Model) technique. In the second part of this manuscript, we have exploited the ILCM model for predicting the EM coupling with elementary antennas fixed within enclosure. Finally, in the last part, a simple and efficient analytical model has been developed for the prediction of the electromagnetic (EM) field coupling with a lossless transmission line (TL) located in a rectangular enclosure. The analytical results have been successfully compared over a wide frequency band with Temsi-FD and experimental results.

Relations between propagators and Green<p>functions of Hamiltonians which are SUSY partners have been obtained. New exact propagators for the family of multi-well, time-dependent and non-hermitian potentials have been calculated.<p><p>Non-conservative SUSY transformation has been studied in<p>the case of multichannel Schrodinger equation with different thresholds. Spectrum (bound/virtual states and resonances) of the<p>non-conservative SUSY partner of zero potential has been founded. <p><p>Exactly solvable model of the magnetic induced Feshbach resonance<p>has been constructed. This model was tested in the case of Rb$^{85}$.<p><p>Conservative SUSY transformations of the first and the second order have been studied in the case of multichannel Schrodinger equation with equal thresholds. Transformations which introduce non-trivial coupling between scattering channels have been founded. <p><p>The first order SUSY transformation which preserves $S$-matrix eigen-phase shifts and<p>modifies mixing parameter has been founded in the case of two channel scattering with partial waves of different parities. In the case of coinciding parities we have found the second order SUSY transformation which preserves $S$-matrix eigen-phase shifts and modifies mixing parameter. <p><p>Phenomenological two channel $^3S_1-^3D_1$<p>neutron-proton potential has been obtained by using single channel, phase equivalent and coupling SUSY transformations applied to zero potential. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Dans le cadre de la guerre électronique en environnement marin, on cherche généralement à améliorer la furtivité d'un navire militaire afin de le rendre plus difficile à détecter et à localiser. Pour cela, il faut réduire la valeur de sa Surface Équivalente Radar (SER) afin de la rendre négligeable face aux perturbations apportées par l'environnement. La pratique a montré que la valeur de la SER mesurée est fortement influencée par l'environnement. Les estimateurs développés à ce jour offrent de bonnes performances pour déterminer la SER d'une cible navale de petite dimension mais deviennent imprécis pour un objet de grande taille placé dans un milieu inhomogène tel que l'environnement marin. Notre objectif est de proposer une nouvelle méthode de calcul de la SER qui prend en considération la nature volumique de la cible ainsi que les phénomènes de propagation intrinsèques à l'environnement marin. Une dyade de Green associée à la propagation d'une onde radioélectrique dans un conduit d'évaporation en présence d'une mer lisse et parfaitement conductrice, est alors développée et proposée pour calculer la SER de cibles navales de grandes dimensions. / In the naval electronic warfare, it is necessary to improve the stealth of military vessels in order to make them more difficult to be detected and be located. For that, the Radar Cross Section (RCS) value must be reduced to be negligible compared to the environment’s clutter. Experience has shown that the value of the measured RCS is strongly influenced by the environment. Nowadays, estimators developed offer good performance to determine the RCS of small naval targets but become inaccurate for large objects placed in inhomogeneous medium such as the marine environment. Our goal is to propose a new RCS estimation method which takes into account large targets and propagation phenomena in martime environment. A dyadic Green function, related to the radio wave propagation in an evaporation duct over smooth and perfectly conducting sea, is then developed and proposed to calculate the RCS of large naval targets.

[pt] Neste trabalho estudamos as propriedades eletrônicas e de transporte de uma molécula artificial diatômica que consiste de dois pontos quânticos conectados a dois contatos submetidos a um potencial externo. Cada ponto quântico é descrito por um nível de energia no qual os elétrons estão fortmente correlacionados pela interação Coulombiana no interior e entre os pontos quânticos. Duas topologias são consideradas para o sistema: uma corresponde aos dois pontos dispostos numa linha de condução e o outro a uma configuração em paralelo. O problema é tratado com as funções de Green obtidas a partir do formalismo de Keldysh para o sistema fora do equilíbrio. Estas funções permitem o cálculo da carga nos pontos quânticos e da corrente elétrica no sistema. A física do sistema é controlada principalmente pelas várias interações Coulombianas. Para a configuração em paralelo existem dois canais interferindo para a propagação do elétron pelo sistema, cujas propriedades dependem do estado de carga de cada ponto quântico. Para a configuração em série a corrente é controlada pela possibilidade da carga ser drenada de um ponto quântico ao outro. O estado de carga em cada ponto quântico e a corrente elétrica são discutidos em detalhe para as duas configurações e para diferentes valores dos parâmetros que definem o sistema. / [en] In this work we study the electronic and transport properties of an artificial diatomic molecule consisting of two quantum dots connected to two leads under the effect of an applied potential. Each dot is described by one energy level in which the electrons are supposed to be strongly correlated due to intra-dot and inter-dot Coulomb interaction. Two topologies are considered for the system: one corresponds to two dots along a conducting line and the other in a parallel configuration. The problem is treated using the out-of-equilibrium Green function Keldysh formalism. The Green functions permit the calculation of the charge in the dots and the electronic current of the system. The physics is controlled mainly by the various Coulomb interactions. For the parallel configuration there are two interfering channels for the electron to go along the system, which properties depend upon the state of charge of each dot. For the serial configuration the current is controlled by the possibility of the charge to be drained from one dot to the other. The state of charge at each dot and the electronic current are discussed in detail for the two configurations and for different values of the parameters that define the system.

Molecular electronics is envisioned as a possible next step in device miniaturization. It is usually taken to mean the design and manufacturing of electronic devices and applications where organic molecules work as the fundamental functioning unit. It involves the easurement and manipulation of electronic response and transport in molecules attached to conducting leads. Organic molecules have the advantages over conventional solid state electronics of inherent small sizes, endless chemical diversity and ambient temperature low cost manufacturing. In this thesis we investigate the switching and conducting properties of photochromic dithienylethene derivatives. Such molecules change their conformation in solution when acted upon by light. Photochromic molecules are attractive candidates for use in molecular electronics because of the switching between different states with different conducting properties. The possibility of optically controlling the conductance of the molecule attached to leads may lead to new device implementations. The switching reaction is investigated with potential energy calculations for different values of the reaction coordinate between the closed and the open isomer. The electronic and atomic structure calculations are performed with density functional theory (DFT). It is concluded that there is a large potential energy barrier separating the open and closed isomer and that switching between open and closed forms must involve excited states. The conducting properties of the molecule inserted between gold leads is calculated within the Non Equilibrium Green Function theory. The transmission function is calculated for the two isomers with different basis sizes for the gold contacts, as well as the electrostatic potential, for finite applied bias voltages. We conclude that a Au 6s basis give qualitatively the same result as a Au spd basis close to the Fermi level. The transmission coefficient at the Fermi energy is around 10 times larger in the closed molecule compared to the open. This will result in a large difference in conductivity. It is also found that the large difference in conductivity will remain for small applied bias voltages. The results are consistent with earlier work. / QC 20101119

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-05T19:03:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Marlon Ferreira Corsi.pdf: 1024630 bytes, checksum: b658b25c24b2a05e620598b506dc2907 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T19:03:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Marlon Ferreira Corsi.pdf: 1024630 bytes, checksum: b658b25c24b2a05e620598b506dc2907 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / In Recent years, various mathematical tools were developed to solve problems involving the mechanics of linear elastic fracture to static Cases and to Dynamic Case. The Boundary Element Method, the technique of double Reciprocity and a Green Function Numerical has been successfully applied to problems with field actions (for example: Gravitational forces, transient Problems with speeds and accelerations). With these basic tools, this work presents Complementary Studies using the Boundary Element Method, a numerical Green function technique, along with the technique of Dual Reciprocity. This work numerically analyzing the e?ect of a concentrated load in a particular beam, the field of action with the self-weight and load applied both in the positive and in the negative direction of the Cartesian axis y. / Nos ?ltimos anos, v?rias ferramentas matem?ticas foram desenvolvidas para se resolver problemas que envolvam a mec?nica da fratura linear el?stica (MFLE) tanto para casos est?ticos quanto para casos din?micos. O M?todo dos Elementos de Contorno (MEC), a t?cnica da Dupla Reciprocidade e a Fun??o de Green Num?rica tem sido aplicado com sucesso ? problemas com a??es de dom?nio (por exemplo: for?as gravitacionais, problemas transientes com velocidades e acelera??es). Com base nessas ferramentas, este trabalho apresenta estudos complementares utilizando o M?todo do Elemento de Contorno (6), a t?cnica da Fun??o de Green num?rica (9), junto com a t?cnica da Dupla Reciprocidade (11). Esse trabalho analisa numericamente o efeito de uma carga concentrada em uma determinada viga, a a??o do dom?nio com o peso pr?prio, e o carregamento aplicado tanto no sentido positivo quanto no sentido negativo do eixo cartesiano y.