Les isolateurs optiques sont des composants non-réciproques très important dans les systèmes de télécommunication optique. Actuellement les composants commercialisés sont tous discrets, à cause de la difficulté d'intégration des matériaux magnéto-optiques avec les technologies de l'optique intégrée. L'objectif de ma thèse était d'ouvrir une nouvelle voie technologique pour aboutir à une telle intégration. Pour cela nous avons développé une approche basée sur l'utilisation d'un matériau magnéto-optique composite complètement compatible avec la technologie d'échange d'ions sur verre. Ce matériau est élaboré par la voie sol-gel organique-inorganique et dopé par des nanoparticules magnétiques de ferrite de Cobalt (CoFe204). Il a montré des potentialités très prometteuses, illustré par une rotation Faraday spécifique de 420°/cm (@1550nm). Ce composite est déposé par la méthode dip-coating sur un guide fait par échange ionique d'Ar+/Na+, avec des extrémités enterrées par la méthode d'enterrage sélective pour faciliter le couplage-découplage de la lumière dans la structure hybride. Enfin, un traitement thermique (<100°C) et un traitement UV compatibles avec le procédé d'échange d'ions sur verre sont appliqués sur le dispositif pour finaliser la couche magnéto-optique. La caractérisation optique de notre dispositif a montré une bonne distribution de la lumière entre la couche magnéto-optique et le guide fait par échange d'ions (un bon confinement latéral). De plus, l'application d'un champ magnétique longitudinal au composant a permis de démontrer une valeur de conversion de mode TE-TM qui correspond bien à la quantité de la lumière confinée dans la couche magnéto-optique et la biréfringence modale de la structure. Donc, le but principal de la thèse est atteint, et ces résultats montrent la faisabilité d'un convertisseur de mode TE-TM compatible avec la technologie d'optique intégrée sur verre

Dans un contexte de miniaturisation de sources laser à base de matériaux diélectriques pour des systèmes photoniques intégrés, ce travail de thèse porte sur le développement de sources lasers compactes dans le domaine visible basées sur des guides d'onde de fluorures dopés avec un ion de terre rare, le praséodyme. L'étude de la luminescence de cet ion a permis de confronter la théorie de Judd-Ofelt aux résultats expérimentaux, en proposant des extensions pour mieux décrire le cas particulier de l'ion praséodyme vis-à-vis de cette théorie. La partie centrale de ce travail traite de cristallogenèse des fluorures, d'abord sous forme de cristaux massifs par la méthode de Czochralski, puis sous forme de couches minces déposées par la technique d'épitaxie en phase liquide. Cette technique de croissance a été développée et optimisée au cours de ce travail de thèse, et a conduit à l'épitaxie de couches de fluorures dopés terres rares de qualité optique remarquable. Des couches actives de LiYF4 dopé par les ions de terres rares Pr3+ et Tm3+ ont permis de réaliser des émetteurs lasers compacts émettant dans le visible, ce qui constitue un première. Par ailleurs, des lasers en guide d'onde ont aussi été démontrés dans le proche infrarouge avec une excellente efficacité. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie vers l'intégration de lasers en guide d'onde à des systèmes plus complexes pompés, par exemple, par des diodes à base de InGaN et permettant de réaliser des sources Rouge-Vert-Bleu (RVB) compactes et efficaces. Des lasers impulsionnels très compacts, à hauts taux de répétition dans le proche infrarouge sont aussi directement envisageables en utilisant des dopages Yb3+ ou Tm3+.

In 1991, the NCAA created Challenging Athletes Minds for Personal Success (CHAMPS)/Life Skills (NCAA, 2005). The CHAMPS/Life Skills program concentrates on five areas: Academic Commitment, Athletic Commitment, Personal Development Commitment, Career Development Commitment, and Service Commitment (NCAA, 2005). Very few amendments and modifications have been made to the CHAMPS/Life Skills educational material since the program was developed. In the present creative thesis project, revisions and updates were implemented to the current material to satisfy the needs of collegiate student-athletes. Hence, the purpose of this creative thesis project was to update the Academic Commitment module within the CHAMPS/Life Skills manual. Specifically, the Time Management and Study Skills components were revised. These revisions were evaluated by three university professors. In conclusion, the present creative thesis project will assist in presenting CHAMPS/Life Skills material to student-athletes. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

While I have always loved to go to the art museum I have often found it difficult to convince friends and family to go with me. It seems to be a particularly daunting task for visitors with disabilities and specifically those with vision impairments. This study surveys the accessibility of the programming for visitors with visual impairments at 25 art museums in the United States of America and how they communicate that information to potential visitors. It highlights museums that go beyond what is required by the Americans with Disabilities Act and create programming that is enjoyable for all. This study will be a reference to create a more enjoyable experience for all.

Les techniques de reconstruction de formes tridimensionnelles sont très largement utilisées dans de nombreux domaines, et notamment dans le domaine industriel ou médical. Et dans ces domaines, les techniques de mesure sans contact sont particulièrement étudiées, principalement parce qu'elles permettent de ne pas détériorer l'objet mesuré. Ce travail de thèse se place donc dans ce contexte et plus particulièrement dans le cas des dispositifs endoscopiques de mesure tridimensionnelle de surface par moyen optique. Dans le domaine médical, ce type d'instrument peut être appliqué à la coloscopie 3D ou à la chirurgie mini-invasive pour la détection de forme en surface de tissus biologiques. Dans cette thèse ce sont plus particulièrement les méthodes à base de stéréovision active ou passive, qui vont être étudiées et intégrées dans un dispositif miniaturisé. Différents modes de mesure vont être intégrés simultanément dans un unique instrument miniaturisé afin de permettre d'augmenter les performances de mesure : l'instrument peut adapter son principe de mesure à la texture de l'objet ou également à l'orientation des surfaces mesurées et plus généralement au contexte de la mesure. Ce travail de thèse est donc basé sur une étude algorithmique et instrumentale d'intégration de ces différents modes de mesure dans un unique instrument endoscopique miniaturisé. L'étude des modes de mesure par stéréovision a été réalisée en trois phases. Tout d'abord, c'est l'influence de l'orientation de la surface des objets mesurés dans un cas de stéréovision active qui est analysé. Puis une technique de basculement entre les voies de projection et d'acquisition du système de stéréovision active par actionnement bistable est proposé, ce qui permet d'adapter la mesure à l'orientation des surfaces à mesurer. Enfin, l'étude est orientée vers la possibilité de basculer d'un mode de stéréovision active vers un mode de stéréovision passive, toujours par actionnement bistable, le mode de stéréovision passive étant particulièrement adapté aux objets fortement texturés. Ainsi, trois modes de mesure sont réalisés dans ce nouveau système : deux modes de stéréovision active (avec inversion des voies de capture et de projection) et un mode de stéréovision passive. Pour réaliser la reconstruction tridimensionnelle, deux méthodes actives (par décalage de phase et par transformation de Fourier) et une méthode passive sont étudiées. Différentes performances de mesure sont obtenues selon les méthodes sélectionnées : un résultat de mesure plus précis est obtenu par les méthodes à. décalage de phase, une vitesse de mesure plus élevée est obtenu par les méthodes à transformée de Fourier ou par les méthodes passives. Le développement instrumental est également décrit dans cette thèse. Après modélisation optique et conception mécanique du système de mesure, un prototype de l'instrument endoscopique est fabriqué avec divers équipements spécifiques, tels qu'un DMD (Digital Micromirror Device), des guides d'images et des actionneurs électromagnétiques bistables. La validation expérimentale de la mesure tridimensionnelle est réalisée essentiellement sur objets mécaniques (du type mesure de détails sur pièce de monnaie), les deux méthodes actives et la méthode passives sont ainsi testées et confrontées. Enfin, une mesure sur un colon artificiel est réalisée par ce système pour se placer dans un contexte applicatif médical. / The techniques of three dimensional shapes reconstruction are widely used in many fields, particularly in the industrial or medical field. And in these areas, non-contact measurement techniques are particularly studied, mainly because they don't damage the measured object. This work therefore falls within this context and in particular in the case of endoscopic devices of surface coordinate measuring by optical methods. ln the medical field, this type of instrument can be applied to 3D colonoscopy or minimally invasive surgery to the surface in the form of biological tissues. In this thesis, methods based on active or passive stereo vision are the principle, which will be studied and integrated into a miniaturized device. Different measurement modes will be incorporated simultaneously into a single miniaturized instrument to help increase measurement performance: the instrument can adjust its measurement principle to the texture of the object or also to the orientation of measured surfaces more generally to the context of the measurement. This thesis is based on an algorithmic study and instrumental integration of these different measurement modes into a single miniaturized endoscopic instrument. The study of the measurement modes stereovision was conducted in three phases. First, it is the influence of the orientation of the measured objects' surface in a case of active stereovision being analyzed. And a technique of switching between the projection and acquisition in an active stereovision system by bistable actuation is proposed, which allows to adapt the measurement to the orientation of the measured surfaces. Finally, the study is oriented towards the ability to switch from one active stereovision mode to one passive stereovision mode, always by bistable actuator operation, the passive stereovision mode is particularly suitable for highly textured objects. Thus, three measurement modes are made in the new system: two modes of active stereovision (reversing capture and projection channels) and a mode of passive stereovision. To achieve three-dimensional reconstruction, two active methods (phase shift and Fourier Transform) and a passive method are studied. Different performance measurements are obtained according to methods selected: a more accurate measuring result is obtained by the phase shift methods; a high measurement speed is obtained by the Fourier transform methods or by passive methods. The instrumental development is also described in this thesis. After optical modeling and mechanical design of the measuring system, a prototype of the endoscopic instrument is manufactured with various specific devices such as a DMD (Digital Micromirror Deviee),images guides and bistable electromagnetic actuators. The experimental validation of the three-dimensional measurement is performed mainly on mechanical objects (such as details measurement on a coin), both active and passive method methods are well tested and compared. Finally, an artificial colon is measured by this system to be placed in a medical application context.

Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / Die studie handel oor die probleme wat veranderende werksomstandighede vir die werker en sy gesin veroorsaak. In 'n tydvak waar die wereld van werk dramaties verander, toon baie mense onkundigheid oor wat die veranderende wereld van werk impliseer. Hierdie veranderende wereld van werk vereis dat die werker groter verantwoordelikheid sal neem vir sy/haar eie loopbaantoekoms en -sekuriteit. 'n Loopbaan waar vaste ure, 'n vaste salaris, 'n pensioenfonds en ander byvoordele vanselfsprekend is, is in die veranderende wereld van werk nie meer die norm nie. Mense is nie voorbereid op veranderende werksomstandighede nie en ervaar verskeie probleme soos stres, 'n verswakte selfbeeld, depressie en 'n gevoel van magteloosheid. Die meeste mense wat blootgestel word aan veranderende werksomstandighede ervaar toekomsskok en hunker na die ou bedeling waar dinge seker en voorspelbaar was. Omdat persona blootgestel aan veranderende werksomstandighede nie voldoende op verandering voorberei word nie, ervaar hulle en hul gesinne probleme. Hulle probeer dikwels om so vinnig moontlik van die pyn en angstigheid wat met die verandering gepaard gaan, te ontsnap en neem daarom dikwels ondeurdagte besluite en voortydige aksies. Dit het dikwels mislukking tot gevolg wat verreikende ekonomiese en psigologiese implikasies mag inhou. Die begeleidingsprogram vir die studie is daarom ontwerp met die doel om aan gesinne wat blootgestel word aan veranderende werksomstandighede die nodige insig in die veranderende wereld van werk te gee, en om aan hulle die nodige vaardighede te gee om die probleme wat veranderinge meebring, te kan hanteer. Die persone en hulle gesinne word bemagtig deurdat aan hulle die begrip "portefeulje -werk" met die uitgangspunt dat almal altyd oor sekere bemarkbare vaardighede beskik, en daarom tegnies nooit werkloos hoef te wees nie, bekendgestel word. Daar word gepoog dat hulle hierdie konsep sal internaliseer en dat hulle daarom 'n paradigmaskuif sal maak sodat hulle meer op hulself en hulle eie vaardighede aangewese is as op eksterne faktore in die wereld van werk. Uit die terugvoergesprekke met die proefpersone aan die begin van die groepsessies en die vraelyste wat hulle voltooi het, blyk dit dat hulle gebaat het by die bywoning van die groepsessies. / This study deals with the problems experienced by a person and his/her family when faced with changing work circumstances. In a time where the world of work is undergoing dramatic changes, many people lack knowledge about the implications of the changing world of work. This changing world of work requires that the worker will take greater responsibility for his own career future and career security. A career where fixed work hours, a fixed salary, a pension fund and other benefits are a given, is no longer the norm in the changing world of work. People are not prepared to deal with changing work circumstances. They experience a variety of problems like stress, a poor self image and depression. Most people who are facing changing work circumstances experience future shock and long for the old times when things were certain and predictable. Persons and their families who are facing changing work circumstances are not sufficiently prepared for the changes. They often try to escape the pain and anxiety which accompany the changes by making quick decisions and by taking premature actions. This often leads to failure and has serious economic and psychological implications. The counselling programme for this study is thus designed with the purpose to give the families who are faced with changing work circumstances the necessary insight in the changing world of work, and to equip them with the necessary skills to deal with the problems which accompany the changes. The persons and their families are also empowered by introducing them to the concept "portfolio work". The implications of portfolio work is that people always have some marketable skills, and by marketing themselves and their skills they should technically never be unemployed. It is attempted to help the participants to internalise these concepts in order to make a paradigm shift so that they will be more self reliant and less dependent on employers in the world of work. From feedback with participants in the investigation at the beginning of the group sessions, and the questionnaires they completed, it seems that they have benefited from attending the group sessions. / Psychology of Education / Ph. D. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Evidence is provided to support Kierkegaard's phenomenology that only what is learned through experience is truly known. It is demonstrated that the chiropractic curriculum represents a unique area of investigation and that it is possible to define curriculum; to create a functional and integrative model which subsumes elements from the traditional, cyclical and process models; and to design an integrative, problem-based, evidence-based, experiential chiropractic curriculum. A taxonomy is proposed for curriculum design in four domains which deal respectively with a) curriculum processes which include the selection, motivation and interaction of curriculum developers, curriculum definitions and models, and an algorithm for curriculum design; b) curriculum organisation which addresses philosophical, sociological, cultural and psychological foundations, curriculum paradigms and a chiropractic conceptual framework; c) curriculum development which concerns design strategies, situational analysis, intent, content, design and organisation of learning experiences and assessment of student performance; and d) curriculum application, which includes the learning climate, quality management, management of change, self-evaluation and external accreditation / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Didactics)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by VANESSA ALVES DO PRADO null (bivaprado@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-25T01:43:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Vanessa Prado.pdf: 7997093 bytes, checksum: 46f83fd463dff635eebdf57be0a86dc3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-08-25T13:43:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_va_dr_mar.pdf: 7997093 bytes, checksum: 46f83fd463dff635eebdf57be0a86dc3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-25T13:43:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_va_dr_mar.pdf: 7997093 bytes, checksum: 46f83fd463dff635eebdf57be0a86dc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese apresenta resultados da pesquisa que teve como objetivo compreender, pelos sentidos bakhtinianos de forças centrípetas e centrífugas, os discursos que permeiam a ação de formação de professores e a ação dos guias didáticos do programa paulista Ler e Escrever. As forças constituem os discursos dos formadores e dos professores atuantes nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, ciclo I, e explicam o movimento de adesão e de resistência desses sujeitos à imposição da implantação do Ler e Escrever como uma política educacional. A pesquisa de natureza etnográfica ancorou-se nos princípios da filosofia da linguagem, pensada por Bakhtin e Volochínov, e discutida por Medviédev e por autores contemporâneos estudiosos das obras do Círculo (de Bakhtin), e teve como participantes dez professores do ensino fundamental, ciclo I, de uma escola estadual do interior paulista, e três formadoras de uma diretoria de ensino. Algumas reuniões de formação na escola pesquisada, em momentos de Aulas de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo, foram observadas e gravadas em áudio e vídeo. Foram feitas também entrevistas com todas as professoras da escola que aceitaram a participar da pesquisa, com a professora coordenadora e com as professoras coordenadoras do Núcleo Pedagógico da diretoria de ensino. Além das observações e das entrevistas, constituíram a pesquisa: a) pautas das reuniões de formações na escola observada e b) guias de planejamento e orientações didáticas Ler e Escrever. Considerando o princípio da relação dialógica, a partir da premissa da alteridade, os enunciados foram compreendidos à luz da filosofia da linguagem. Foi possível compreender, a partir da resposta de professores e de formadores na implantação das ações em destaque do programa, que a força centrípeta, que quer dominar, e a força centrífuga, libertária, de sentidos contraditórios, dialogizam o próprio programa. Apesar da formação continuada de professores pelo programa e os guias didáticos Ler e Escrever demonstrarem ser uma ação anti-dialógica pela represália ao plurilinguismo e pela imposição e controle de uma linguagem única que desconsidera o professor como sujeito falante responsavelmente participante no mundo, o professor luta pela inalienabilidade da palavra, arrisca, rompe e se indigna, pela voz, pelo corpo e pelas atitudes, contra a força opressora e autoritária que quer apagar sua voz e paralisar seu ato. / This thesis presents results of the research that aimed to understand, through Bakhtinian senses of centripetal and centrifugal forces, the discourses that permeate teacher’s formation and the action of teaching guides of São Paulo’s state program Ler e Escrever (Read and Write). The forces constitute the discourses of trainers and teachers acting in the first years of elementary school, cycle I, and explain the movement of adhesion and resistance of these subjects to the implementation’s imposition of Ler e Escrever as an educational policy. The ethnographic nature research was anchored in the principles of language’s philosophy, thought by Bakhtin and Volochínov, and discussed by Medvedev and contemporaneous authors scholars of the Circle’s works (Bakhtin), having as participants ten elementary school teachers, cycle I, from a state school located in São Paulo’s countryside, and three trainers from an educational board of directors. Some formation meetings at the researched school, during Collective Pedagogical Work Classes, were observed and recorded in audio and video. Interviews were also conducted with all the teachers of the school who agreed to participate in the research, with the coordinator teacher and coordinators teachers of the Pedagogical Center of the educational board of directors. In addition to the observations and interviews, the research consisted of: a) guidelines of the training meetings in the observed school and b) planning guides and Ler e Escrever didactic guidelines. Considering the principle of the dialogical relationship, from the premise of otherness, the statements were understood by the light of language’s philosophy. Through the answer of teachers and trainers during the implementation of the actions highlighted in the program, it was possible to understand that the centripetal force, which wants to dominate, and the centrifugal force, libertarian, of contradictory directions, dialogue in the own program. In spite of the continued formation of teachers by the program and the Ler e Escrever didactic guides demonstrate to be an anti-dialogic action by the reprisal to the multilingualism and by the imposition and control of a unique language that disregards the teacher as a speaking subject responsibly participant in the world, the teacher fights for the inalienability of the word, risks, bursts out and outrages, through voice, body and by attitudes, against the oppressive and authoritarian force that wants to erase his voice and paralyze his act.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoTAS_DISSERT.pdf: 1403051 bytes, checksum: 082930bba50f7afe6808198a25388862 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-13 / Due to the large amount of television content, which emerged from the Digital TV, viewers are facing a new challenge, how to find interesting content intuitively and efficiently. The Personalized Electronic Programming Guides (pEPG) arise as an answer to this complex challenge. We propose TrendTV a layered architecture that allows the formation of social networks among viewers of Interactive Digital TV based on online microblogging. Associated with a pEPG, this social network allows the viewer to perform content filtering on a particular subject from the indications made by other viewers of his network. Allowing the viewer to create his own indications for a particular content when it is displayed, or to analyze the importance of a particular program online, based on these indications. This allows any user to perform filtering on content and generate or exchange information with other users in a flexible and transparent way, using several different devices (TVs, Smartphones, Tablets or PCs). Moreover, this architecture defines a mechanism to perform the automatic exchange of channels based on the best program that is showing at the moment, suggesting new components to be added to the middleware of the Brazilian Digital TV System (Ginga). The result is a constructed and dynamic database containing the classification of several TV programs as well as an application to automatically switch to the best channel of the moment / Devido ? grande quantidade de conte?do televisivo, que surgiu junto com a TV Digital, os telespectadores est?o diante de um novo desafio, saber como procurar conte?do interessante de maneira intuitiva e eficiente. Os guias eletr?nicos de programa??o personalizada (pEPG) surgem como uma resposta para esse complexo desafio. Propomos a TrendTV, uma arquitetura em camadas que permite a forma??o de redes sociais entre telespectadores de programas de TV Digital Interativa baseada em microblog de conte?do on-line. Associado a um pEPG, esta rede social permite que um telespectador realize filtragens de conte?do sobre um determinado assunto a partir das indica??es feitas por outros telespectadores de sua rede. Isto permite que o telespectador crie sua pr?pria indica??o para um determinado conte?do no momento em que ele ? exibido, ou ainda analisar a import?ncia de um determinado programa on-line, baseado nessas indica??es. Isto permite que qualquer usu?rio possa realizar filtros no conte?do, al?m de gerar e trocar informa??es com os outros usu?rios de modo flex?vel e transparente, utilizando v?rios dispositivos diferentes(TVs,Smartfones, Tablets ou PCs). Al?m disso, essa arquitetura define um mecanismo para realizar a mudan?a autom?tica de canais baseado no melhor programa que est? passando no momento, sugerindo novos componentes a serem agregados ao middleware do Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital (Ginga). Como resultado ? constru?da uma base de dados din?mica e que cont?m a classifica??o de v?rios programas de TV, bem como uma aplica??o que permite mudar automaticamente para o melhor canal do momento