A laboratory was built at Prairie Swine Centre Inc. (PSCI) to study air quality in swine barns and its effect on pigs and people. The first focus of that research program was to design and test a manure handling system to control the air contamination from the excreta. The goal was to get close to zero air contamination from manure with these systems, in order to measure the contamination from other sources, and to also have a range of contamination levels for future health and productivity testing. Two manure handling systems were designed and tested: a washing gutter system with pressurized heated wash water periodically directed across the dunging area, and a washed inclined conveyor belt used directly as a dunging area. Ammonia emissions were used as a measure of the air contamination originating from the excreta in two experimental chambers. Ammonia originates only from the manure and is released quickly from any manure (especially urine) in contact with the air. Both systems were tested with 30 kg pigs at running time intervals of 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Trials lasted one week, with three trials completed at each frequency. The average ammonia emissions from the washing gutter and the conveyor belt systems were 48.7 mg day-1 kgpig-1 and 57.0 mg day-1 kgpig-1, respectively. Even though these emissions were 38% and 47% lower than previous observations from grower-finisher rooms with a pit plug design in the same swine building, both systems failed to give the desired close-to-zero contamination. This means another system will have to be found to totally eliminate air contamination from manure in the chambers when testing for the origin of the individual contaminants. There were no differences at a statistically significant level (P>0.05) between the ammonia emissions from the two manure handling systems or the three frequencies tested. However, the washing gutter system was simpler and easier to run, and is recommended for future studies dealing with the effects of different ranges of air quality on pigs and people.

A laboratory was built at Prairie Swine Centre Inc. (PSCI) to study air quality in swine barns and its effect on pigs and people. The first focus of that research program was to design and test a manure handling system to control the air contamination from the excreta. The goal was to get close to zero air contamination from manure with these systems, in order to measure the contamination from other sources, and to also have a range of contamination levels for future health and productivity testing. Two manure handling systems were designed and tested: a washing gutter system with pressurized heated wash water periodically directed across the dunging area, and a washed inclined conveyor belt used directly as a dunging area. Ammonia emissions were used as a measure of the air contamination originating from the excreta in two experimental chambers. Ammonia originates only from the manure and is released quickly from any manure (especially urine) in contact with the air. Both systems were tested with 30 kg pigs at running time intervals of 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Trials lasted one week, with three trials completed at each frequency. The average ammonia emissions from the washing gutter and the conveyor belt systems were 48.7 mg day-1 kgpig-1 and 57.0 mg day-1 kgpig-1, respectively. Even though these emissions were 38% and 47% lower than previous observations from grower-finisher rooms with a pit plug design in the same swine building, both systems failed to give the desired close-to-zero contamination. This means another system will have to be found to totally eliminate air contamination from manure in the chambers when testing for the origin of the individual contaminants. There were no differences at a statistically significant level (P>0.05) between the ammonia emissions from the two manure handling systems or the three frequencies tested. However, the washing gutter system was simpler and easier to run, and is recommended for future studies dealing with the effects of different ranges of air quality on pigs and people.

Understanding unconventional petroleum reservoirs and HALO plays, areas outside existing production zones which are made up of thin-bedded or heterolithic intervals, has gained in importance in recent years with the continual demand for energy and the increased development of such prospects. Heterolithic units within deltaic successions host vast quantities of oil and gas that often go unexploited due to a lack of understanding of the sandstone shape, morphology and continuity within such reservoirs. The purpose of this work is to examine the thin-bedded units within the Late Cretaceous prodelta successions of the Gallup Sandstone in the Shiprock area of New Mexico in order to quantify the fundamental processes responsible for the deposition of these sands and to perform a correlation for such heterolithic deposits. Rock Ridge and Sanostee show heterolithic deposits, within parasequences 5a and 7a of the Gallup sandstone, and were analyzed, using measured sections and photomosaics, near the Shiprock area in order to compare the heterolithics in different stratigraphic settings. Five measured sections were collected at the centimeter scale in order to observe every facies change at a high resolution. Facies associations, such as tempestites, turbidites, and hyperpycnites, were used to identify dominant processes of deposition. Corresponding net-to-gross calculations yielded the sandstone percentage of each section with the result that storm-dominated beds present at Sanostee yielded the highest percentage of sand content. Two high resolution gigapan photomosaics of each heterolithic exposure were collected in order to perform a correlation of all the sandstones observed within the measured sections, across the entire exposure. Results show that dominant process of deposition varies along strike. Towards Sanostee, in the south, storm-waves are dominant while farther north rivers exert greater influence. However, the presence of large scale storm-deposited gutter casts at Sanostee has significant implications for lateral and vertical continuity of sandstones in comparison to the more tabular sandstone facies found at Rock Ridge. These guttered facies have a major impact on net-to-gross and vertical conductivity due to their high degree of amalgamation and therefore may signify important areas for prospecting in such heterolithic reservoirs. Furthermore, the presence of large scale gutters beneath a sharp-based shoreface is indicative of a Falling Stage Systems Tract, leading to the conclusion that Parasequence 7a-6d were affected by forced regression. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first theoretical part focuses on rain gutters, their distribution, operation and cleaning. The pollution, pre-treatment of rainwater and rainwater management are alco described here. The second practical part includes testing of selected street rain gutters in the institute of municipal water management laboratories (VHO). Furthermore, these rain gutters are compared and evaluated according to these criteria: filter construction, amount of captured material and cleaning system.

Current methods of creating inlet total pressure distortion for testing in gas turbine engines are only able to simulate steady-state distortion patterns. With modern military aircraft it is becoming necessary to examine the effects of transient inlet distortion on engines. One alternative being evaluated is a splitting airfoil that is essentially a wedge that can be set at different opening angles. An array of such devices would be placed in front of the engine for testing that would be capable of creating steady-state distortion patterns as well as transient distortion patterns by changing the opening angle of the airfoils. The work here analyzes the steady-state wake characteristics of some of the splitting airfoil concepts. Single-wedge tests were conducted with various opening angles in an attempt to classify the various aspects found in the wake pattern. It was found that the wake has completely different characteristics with larger opening angles. In addition, several different combinations of wedges were also examined to see if single wedge analysis could be applied to arrays of wedges. Analysis was done on combinations of wedges aligned vertically as well as combinations that were done horizontally. It was found that single wedge characteristics change considerably when different wake patterns interact with each other / Master of Science

[pt] A presente pesquisa busca compreender os quadrinhos como expressão que recria conteúdos e formas de outras artes. Em perspectiva interdisciplinar, assume-se o viés da intermidialidade, segundo a qual a relação entre as artes é também uma relação entre mídias, para analisar os quadrinhos como forma de expressão que se constitui historicamente a partir de processos que recriam e reapresentam os procedimentos de outras artes, como a literatura e a pintura - e, não, como um sistema autônomo, cujas zonas de contato com outras artes constituem meros cruzamentos de fronteiras bem demarcadas. Objetiva-se também mostrar que a sarjeta, como expediente de montagem nos quadrinhos, oferece um ângulo privilegiado para pensar a intermidialidade, já que, em seus usos mais experimentais e fragmentários, torna menos transparente a relação que os quadrinhos estabelecem com a pintura e a literatura. Este trabalho é composto de duas partes: uma, teórica, que consiste no resgate interdisciplinar de parte da fortuna crítica disponível sobre o tema, e outra parte que constitui um experimento teórico na proposição da escritura de uma história em quadrinhos cuja relação com a pintura e seus textos traz à tona o tema da intermidialidade, e cujos procedimentos de montagem remetem às discussões propostas pela pesquisa. A HQ realizada nesta pesquisa chama-se Jardim das Sinapses - ensaio gráfico biocêntrico, e resulta do trabalho de pesquisa em parceria com o artista plástico e editor Sérgio Manon. / [en] This research seeks to understand comics as an expression that recreates contents and forms of other arts. In an interdisciplinary perspective, it assumes the approach of intermediality, according to which the relation between the arts is also a relation between media. This research seeks to understand comics as a form of expression that is historically constituted from processes that re-create and re-present the procedures of other arts, such as literature and painting - and not as an autonomous system, whose zones of contact with other arts are mere crosses of well-demarcated frontiers. It is also intended to show that the gutter, as a set-up in comics, offers a privileged angle to think of intermediality, since, in its more experimental and fragmentary uses, it renders less transparent the relation that comics establish with painting and literature This work is composed of two parts: one, theoretical, which consists in the interdisciplinary rescue of part of the available critical fortune on the subject, and another part that constitutes a theoretical experiment in the proposition of the writing of a comic book whose relation with painting and his texts bring to the surface the theme of intermediality, and whose procedures of montage refer to the discussions proposed by the research. The comics manufactured in this research is called Jardim das Sinapses - a biocentric graphic essay, and results from the research work in partnership with the artist and publisher Sergio Manon.

AB Furhoffs Rostfria grundades i Skövde 1899 för att tillverka kannor och kittlar i koppar. Idag tillverkar de produkter i rostfritt stål för bland annat VVS-system, storkök och diskbänkar för hemmamiljö. Tillverkningen sker i Skövde med en maskinpark som är anpassad för produktion i rostfritt stål. Då kraven från marknaden går åt mer hygieniska golvrännor och konkurrenterna fokuserar på att marknadsföra denna typ av produkt, vill Furhoffs leda denna utveckling. Examensarbetets mål är att utveckla en golvränna som är anpassad för områden som har extra höga krav på hygien för att undvika spridning av smittor. Detta kan vara livsmedelsindustri, storkök, sjukhus eller laboratorier. Golvrännan ska även vara säker att använda i en industri där tyngre trafik förekommer och då är det ett krav att locket ska klara en belastning på 12 500 kg.  För att anpassa produkten till användaren utfördes intervjuer på ett större mejeri, en livsmedelsindustri och en restaurang. Även en observation utfördes på restaurangen för att observera hur rengöringsprocessen av produkten gick till. Informationen från dessa besök resulterade i användarbehov som tillsammans med krav från Furhoffs låg till grund för hur golvrännan senare utvecklades. Golvrännans olika komponenter: brunn med vattenlås, ränna, lock och silkorg, utvecklades var för sig för att sedan anpassas till varandra. Utförda tester och en kostnadsanalys låg till grund för de konceptval som togs. Flödet av vatten och bortforslande av avfall testades för att välja ut den mest optimala profilen på rännan. För att veta om golvrännan är säker att använda i de tänkta miljöerna utfördes belastnings-, halk- och flödestester på locket. Den slutliga produkten är anpassad för Furhoffs tillverkningsmetoder. Golvrännan uppfyller de krav som ställts och är anpassad för miljöer med höga krav på hygien. Resultatet från examensarbetet kommer att ligga till grund för den hygienränna som kommer att tillverkas av Furhoffs. / AB Furhoffs Rostfria was founded in Skövde in 1899 to produce pots and cauldrons in copper. Today´s production is focused on products for HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) as well as for restaurant kitchens and customized products. The production is located in Skövde with machines suited for processing stainless steel. Demands from the market as well as Furhoff´s competitors are focusing on hygienic floor drain gutters. Because of this, Furhoffs wants to be the leading company of this kind of development. This project aims to develop a floor drain gutter that is suitable for environments with high requirements of hygiene to prevent spreading of diseases. These environments can be food factories, laboratories, hospitals and restaurant kitchens. The product needs to be safe to use in industries where traffic from heavy vehicles occur. This means that the product must withstand a load of 12 500 kg. To adjust the product to fit the user, interviews were performed in a large dairy, a food factory and in a restaurant. An observation was also performed in the restaurant to observe the cleaning process of a floor drain gutter. The information from the user study resulted in a list of needs. These, combined with demands from the company, formed the product specification. This specification was the basis for how the product later was developed. The components of the floor drain gutter, gully with a stench trap, gutter, cover and strainer basket, was developed separately and adapted to each other. Tests and cost analysis were performed to make well-founded concept choices. Water flow and removal of waste was tested to choose the most optimal gutter profile. To make sure the floor drain gutter is safe to use in the intended environment, load tests, slip tests and tests of flow rates were made.    The final product is adjusted for Furhoff´s production methods. The floor drain gutter fulfils the requirements and is suitable for environments with high hygiene demands. The result from this thesis will be used for further development of Furhoff´s future floor drain gutter.

Tarpukariu (1918–1940 m.) Lietuvos vyriausybė labai pradėjo rūpintis kultūra ir švietimu, o tai lėmė periodinės spaudos suklestėjimą, ypač laikraščių ir savaitraščių. 1928–1940 m. Šiauliuose buvo leidžiami bulvarinio pobūdžio savaitraščiai „Momentas“ (1928–1930), kurio vyriausiasis redaktorius buvo Jurgis Janulaitis, „Mūsų momentas“ (1930–1933) ir „Įdomus mūsų momentas“ (1933–1940), kurių vyriausiasis redaktorius buvo Bronius Buišas. Šie leidiniai ir yra darbo tyrimo objektas. Savaitraščiai buvo tiriami naudojant aprašymo, interpretacinį ir lyginamąjį metodus. Ištirti šie minėtų leidinių numeriai: „Momento“ (1928 m. 1–25; 1929 m. 1, 3–7, 13, 29, 41, 43; 1930 m. 1numeriai), „Mūsų momento“ (1930 m. 1–25, 35; 1932 m. 42–51 numeriai), „Įdomaus mūsų momento“ (1933 m. 9, 16, 25–30; 1934 m. 3–13, 42, 43, 51; 1935 m. 2, 16; 1936 m. 15, 28; 1937 m. 35; 1938 m. 5, 29; 1939 m. 41; 1940 m. 1 numeriai). Tai buvo bulvarinės spaudos periodiniai leidiniai, kuriuose daugiausia vietos užėmė kriminalų, aferų, sensacijų, žymių žmonių asmeninio gyvenimo aprašymai. Taip pat savaitraščiuose publikuota straipsnių apie svarbesnius Lietuvos ir pasaulio kultūrinius įvykius ir renginius. Savaitraščiai „Momentas“, „Mūsų momentas“, „Įdomus mūsų momentas“ turėjo nuolatines rubrikas, kuriose buvo spausdinama panašaus turinio informacija. „Momentas“ turėjo šias rubrikas: „Kronika“, „Juokų“ skiltis, „Įvairenybės“, „Gyvenamųjų dienų apžvalga“. „Mūsų momente“ publikuotos rubrikos: „Juokų“ skiltis, „Sportas“... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Between the wars (1918–1940) Lithuanian Government was taking more care of culture and education, which led to periodical prospering, especially of newspapers and weekly. In 1928–1940 gutter weekly “Momentas” (1928–1930), chief editor Jurgis Janulaitis, “Mūsų momentas” (1930–1933) and “Įdomus mūsų momentas” (1933–1940) chief editor Bronius Buišas were published. These publications are subject of this paper. The weekly were analysed using description, interpretation and comparative methods. Listed issues were analysed. They were gutter periodicals, where most place was taken by criminal news, affair, sensation, famous people personal life descriptions. They also publicised articles about significant Lithuanian and world cultural events. The weekly “Momentas”, “Mūsų momentas”, “Įdomus mūsų momentas” had permanent columns with similar information. “Momentas”: Chronicle, Jokes, Various, Review of living days, “Mūsų momentas”: Jokes, Sports, “Įdomus mūsų momentas” included new columns Here and abroad, For free hour, Our scout corner, News for women. The weekly were regional periodicals: most articles were about Šiauliai city and regional events, actualities, news. Readers also were offered news from Lithuania and the world, but not so abundantly. Gutter weekly “Momentas”, “Mūsų momentas”, “Įdomus mūsų momentas” publicized literal creations as well. Mostly it was popular beletristics: satires (Cingu-Lingas “Ko trūksta Šiauliams”), sentimental low artistic level poems, criminal... [to full text]

Cette étude réalisée dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorat a pour sujet : Les structures hydrauliques chez les Eduens à l’époque antique. Les sites de Bibracte et d’Augustodunum-Autun. Analyse complémentaire des sites éduens de Bourgogne. Elle se fonde à la fois sur des travaux de terrain (sous forme de prospections pédestres et de fouilles archéologiques) et sur des recherches documentaires. Les 813 structures hydrauliques recensées sont réparties sur 37 sites éduens comprenant les deux capitales de cité successives, Bibracte, puis Augustodunum-Autun, des agglomérations secondaires, des villages, des établissements ruraux, des sanctuaires et des stations thermales. Il s’agit d’abord de définir les caractéristiques physiques de ces aménagements hydrauliques destinés à l’adduction d’eau, au stockage et à l’évacuation des eaux usées. Cette recherche permet de distinguer les techniques de construction ou de fabrication et d’identifier les savoir-faire locaux et les influences gréco-romaines. Enfin, la confrontation des équipements hydrauliques entre les différents types de sites (densité, lieux d’implantation), permet d’évaluer le mode de gestion de l’eau à l’échelle d’une cité. C’est le cas notamment entre Bibracte et Augustodunum où des différences très nettes apparaissent. Un important volet de cette recherche est consacré à l’examen de l’aqueduc de Montjeu. Si cette étude révèle la diversité des solutions adoptées pour maîtriser cette eau d’une catégorie de site à l’autre, elle souligne également les traits communs avec divers sites de Narbonnaise et de l’empire romain. / This study, carried out in the context of a PhD thesis, has as its subject: Hydraulic structures of the Eduens in roman period. The sites of Bibracte and Augustodunum-Autun. Additional analysis of the eduen sites of Burgundy. It is based, at one and the same time, on ground works (in the form of exploration on foot and archaeological scavings) and documentary research. The 813 hydraulic structures listed are spread out over 37 éduen sites including the two successive capital cities Bibracte, later Augustodunum-Autun, secondary towns, villages, rural settlements, sanctuaries and baths. It consists firstly in defining the physical characteristics of the hydraulic facilities destined for the bringing of water, its storage, and the evacuation of waste water. This research enables us to distinguish the techniques of construction or manufacture and to identify local know-how and greco-roman influences. Finally, the comparison of hydraulic equipment between different types of sites, (density, location) enables us to evaluate the management of water on the scale of a city. This is notably the case between Bibracte and Augustodunum where very clear differences appear. An important section of this research has therefore been devoted to the examination of the aqueduct at Montjeu. If this research reveals the diversity of solutions adopted for water management from one category of site to another, it also underlines the features in common with other sites of Narbonnaise and the roman empire.

This dissertation presents an investigation into three works by the South African artist Pauline Gutter (b. 1980) that were originally shown in her exhibition Opslag (2008) [this title is almost impossible to translate; it can refer to the sound of a gun, or it can mean to butcher something; it has an association of suddenness]. The works that were selected for scrutiny in this dissertation are Uit die blou van onse hemel [translated as From our blue skies; or Ringing out of our blue heaven – the first words of the erstwhile South African anthem] (2004), Into the landscape I (2007), and Landskap naby Zastron [Landscape close by Zastron] (2006). The choice of works was based on the particular mode of and imaginative re-presentation of the landscape that can be discerned in each of these works – different, yet conceptually quite similar. I argue that Gutter‟s landscape works in the exhibition Opslag (as representative of the thematic concerns of the show as a whole) are indicative of an imaginative re-presentation of a liminal experience (which is informed to a large degree by the artist‟s acute awareness of the threat posed by cruel and rampant attacks on the farming community). This liminal experience, as embodied in the artworks, is in its turn a reflection of the liminal existence as lived and interpreted by the artist‟s perception of her environment and community – speficially, the Boer farming community of South Africa, and even more specificially, in the Free State Province. Those aspects of a liminal experience that can be gleaned from a reading of the selected works Uit die blou van onse hemel, Into the landscape, and Landskap naby Zastron, are powerlessness, instability, the transitory shift of status, disorientation, isolation, marginalisation, and uncertainty. I argue, furthermore, that the imaginative re-presentation of the liminal experience is achieved by means of certain strategies and approaches towards landscape painting that are associated with the sublime. Where the sublime, in the context of the re-presentation of the landscape is often associated with a sense of being overwhelmed, even with awe, I demonstrate that Gutter achieves what Coetzee (1988:49) refers to as a singularly distinct understanding of the sublime with reference to the unique character of the South African landscape. In this sense, specific themes associated with the sublime (portraying things like problems, the sudden and the unexpected, darkness [that connotes uncertainty], danger, fearsomeness, and emptiness [that relates to isolation]) can be related with elements of the liminal. By identifying the themes of sublime representation, the reading of the works demonstrate firstly Gutter‟s unique and distinct application of sublime landscape painting. Secondly, it emerges that the portrayal of the liminal is achieved by means of these strategies towards landscape painting, and thirdly, that the imaginative re-presentation of the liminal is suggestive of a particular dimension of the existence of the contemporary Boer/farming community. Gutter‟s reflection of and on the landscape demonstrate a particularly poignant projection of a theme onto the landscape, and seems to suggest that while the liminal experience is potentially a place of growth and renewal, it can also induce a sense of paralysis as a result of the overwhelming uncertainty experienced by the particular community. / MA (History of Art), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014