The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the learning log, a reader-response journal, as an instructional tool in the study of literature. One hundred high school seniors participated in this study over the course of a year. Random sampling was used to assign the students to two groups -- an experimental group and a control group. The variable was the learning log. Group A kept a learning log on A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, and Group B did not. An objective exam was administered to both groups immediately following completion of the study of the novel. Several months later, Group B kept a learning log on 1984 by George Orwell and Group A did not. Again, a follow-up test was given to both groups. Statistical analysis indicated that the learning log did make a difference in students' exam scores. At the end of the year, another exam on these novels was given to both groups and statistical analysis on this data indicated the learning log was particularly effective in delayed testing. A major portion of the study also included case studies to examine the variety and patterns of student responses in the learning logs. Based on textual analysis, it appeared that high-achieving students wrote responses which were predicting and analytical; average students wrote responses which were more comparative and associative; and lower achieving students wrote responses which were questioning but not probing. / Master of Arts

by Lai Hon Kwong. / Chinese title in romanization: Xianggang zi zhu zhong xue jue ce guo cheng zhong di sou suo xing wei. / Thesis (M.A.Ed.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 133-136.

身份转变是成为教师的一个重要部分，不少研究者因此强调教师教育在职前教师专业身份形成中的作用，亦有研究者发现实习是职前教师身份转变的关键阶段。然而到底职前教师是如何通过专业学习来建构和发展期专业身份的，却一直缺乏相关实证研究。有鉴于此，本研究尝试从职前教师专业学习历程中去理解专业身份的建构和发展，从职前教师的视角去考察当前教育实习为他们提供了怎样的身份建构情境。 / 研究以情境视角下的学习观和身份建构观为理论背景(Lave&Wenger,1991; Wenger,1998)，采个案研究方法，通过深度访谈和田野观察来跟踪两所实习学校内的四名高中实习教师的专业学习历程，以理解实习教师的身份建构和改变的过程，并以此为线索梳理了实习情境中影响其身份建构的主要因素及其互动关系。 / 研究发现，实践参与式的学习确实改变着实习教师的专业身份。四个个案实习教师的专业身份经过实习后都在不同方面不同程度地发生了改变。驱使这种改变的最为核心的力量是他们在实习前业已形成的职业承诺和教师角色认知。而它们也是实习教师在实践场域中定位自我的最为关键的两个身份定位点。职业承诺决定了职前教师参与实践和建构身份的意愿。根据自己的学生身份所形成的教师角色认知则是实习教师识读实习情境扮演角色的主要根据。既有的角色认知与实习场域中的角色脚本的冲突则是启动身份重构的关键。 / 另一方面，实习学校的实践文化、实习指导教师所构成的实习情境共同框定了实习教师的实践参与的方式和内容。而实习教师总是基于自己原有的职业承诺和角色认知投入实习情境，与角色对手展开互动。身份的协商正是在这种互动的参与中展开。传记性因素、情境性因素和经历性因素在这个过程中以不同方式影响着身份的协商和建构，而它们三者之间的互动最后形塑了职前教师在整个实习期间的参与轨迹，导向了不同的专业身份。 / 基于此，研究尝试为学界理解职前教师如何通过专业学习以建构其专业身份提供概念框架和实践启示，并提议建立专业身份建构型的教师学习观。 / As the identity transformation is essential for becoming a teacher, researchers have emphasized the role that the teacher education play in the shaping and forming of pre-service teachers’ professional identities, with teaching practice as the critical stage in transforming the identities of pre-service teachers. However, few empirical studies have been conducted to investigate how the pre-service teachers construct and develop their professional identities through professional learning. To this end, this research explores the professional learning trajectories of pre-service teachers to understand the construction and development of their professional identities. Furthermore, this study looks into the teaching practice from the angle of pre-service teachers in order to depict a picture of the context for the professional identity construction. / Using the framework of learning concept and identity construction (see Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998), the research employed the case study method, carrying out both in-depth interviews and field observations to gather qualitative data. Four student teachers from two placement schools participated in the research as four cases. The four teachers’ learning experiences as well as their identity construction and change were investigated to explore factors constructing and changing the professional identities of the four student teachers. / The research, on the one hand, has confirmed the importance of learning as participation in changing the student teachers’ professional identities. In the four cases, the professional identities of the student teachers were all found to be changed after the teaching practice in different ways and at different levels. The major motivation for the change was attributed to the professional commitment and the concept of teacher role, which had been formed prior to the teaching practice of the four student teachers. Moreover, the professional commitment and the concept of teacher role were the two anchoring points of student teachers to locate themselves in the field of teaching practice. Regarding the two anchoring points, the professional commitment determined the willing of student teachers to participate in the teaching practice and construct their professional identities; the concept of teacher role, taking shape out of their self-as-student, was the frame of reference for the four student teachers’ understanding of the teaching practice context as well as the role playing. The clash between the four student teachers’ concept of teacher role and the role script embedded in the culture of the two schools was the trigger of the four student teachers’ identities reconstruction. / The research, on the other hand, has indicated that, the four student teachers participated in the teaching practice and interacted with the role partners according to their own original professional commitment and concept of teacher role, although the teaching practice context, comprising the placement school culture and the mentors, shaped the way and the content of the four student teachers’ participation. Therefore, the negotiation of identity took place between the four student teachers and the teaching practice context, which was influenced in different ways by the three factors, namely, the biography, the context and the experience. The interaction among the three factors subsequently built up the participation trajectories of the four student teachers through the whole teaching practice, guiding the four student teachers to achieve different professional identities. / On the whole, the research has contributed to conceptual understanding as well as practical implications in the construction of pre-service teachers’ professional identities through professional learning. In future research and practice, it is proposed that learning to teach be explored from the perspective of professional identity construction. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 张倩. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 304-315). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Zhang Qian. / 中文摘要 --- p.I / 英文摘要 --- p.II / 致谢 --- p.IV / 目录 --- p.V / 图表目录 --- p.VII / 导言 --- p.VIII / Chapter 第一章 --- 问题陈述 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一节 --- 研究的缘起--寻惑与解惑的起点 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二节 --- 研究的背景 --- p.3 / Chapter 一、 --- 教师身份的提出 --- p.3 / Chapter 二、 --- “学教的再概念化 --- p.4 / Chapter 三、 --- 情境学习的视角 --- p.5 / Chapter 四、 --- 教育实习的样貌 --- p.6 / Chapter 第三节 --- 研究的目的与问题 --- p.8 / Chapter 第四节 --- 研究的意义 --- p.9 / 本章小结 --- p.12 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文献述评 --- p.13 / Chapter 第一节 --- 西方研究中的“学教 --- p.13 / Chapter 一、 --- “学教研究的脉络梳理 --- p.14 / Chapter 二、 --- 再概念化的“学教 --- p.17 / Chapter 三、 --- 本研究的“学教概念框架 --- p.22 / Chapter 四、 --- 小结 --- p.32 / Chapter 第二节 --- 教师专业身份的研究脉络 --- p.34 / Chapter 一、 --- 教师专业身份的意涵 --- p.35 / Chapter 二、 --- 教师专业身份研究的主要理论脉络 --- p.41 / Chapter 三、 --- 实习教师专业身份研究的现状 --- p.46 / 本章小结 --- p.58 / Chapter 第三章 --- 研究的设计与方法 --- p.59 / Chapter 第一节 --- 研究框架与研究问题 --- p.59 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究的概念框架 --- p.59 / Chapter 二、 --- 相关概念的操作性定义 --- p.61 / Chapter 三、 --- 研究问题的阐述 --- p.63 / Chapter 第二节 --- 研究的设计与方法 --- p.64 / Chapter 一、 --- 质化研究取向 --- p.64 / Chapter 二、 --- 个案研究的策略 --- p.64 / Chapter 三、 --- 研究的整体设计 --- p.65 / Chapter 第三节 --- 研究的效度与伦理 --- p.75 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究的效度 --- p.75 / Chapter 二、 --- 研究伦理 --- p.76 / Chapter 第四节 --- 研究局限 --- p.78 / 本章小结 --- p.79 / Chapter 第四章 --- 实习教师的专业身份发展 --- p.80 / Chapter 第一节 --- 个案实习教师的专业身份发展 --- p.80 / Chapter 一、 --- 薇的专业身份发展 --- p.81 / Chapter 二、 --- 凯的专业身份发展 --- p.96 / Chapter 三、 --- 玲的专业身份发展 --- p.108 / Chapter 四、 --- 慧的专业身份发展 --- p.122 / Chapter 第二节 --- 实习教师专业身份发展的特点 --- p.139 / Chapter 一、 --- 实习前职前教师的专业身份特点 --- p.139 / Chapter 二、 --- 实习前职前教师专业身份的主要区别 --- p.145 / Chapter 三、 --- 实习后职前教师的专业身份特点 --- p.147 / Chapter 第三节 --- 小结 --- p.152 / Chapter 第五章 --- 实习情境中的学教与身份发展 --- p.156 / Chapter 第一节 --- 个案实习教师的实习故事 --- p.156 / Chapter 一、 --- 薇的实习故事 --- p.157 / Chapter 二、 --- 凯的实习故事 --- p.176 / Chapter 三、 --- 玲的实习故事 --- p.191 / Chapter 四、 --- 慧的实习故事 --- p.209 / Chapter 小结 --- p.227 / Chapter 第二节 --- 专业身份的形塑--实习情境的识读与应对 --- p.228 / Chapter 第三节 --- 专业身份的建构--情感体验与自我反思 --- p.236 / Chapter 第四节 --- 小结 --- p.240 / Chapter 第六章 --- 实习教师身份发展的主要影响因素 --- p.243 / Chapter 第一节 --- 传记性因素 --- p.243 / Chapter 第二节 --- 情境性因素 --- p.247 / Chapter 第三节 --- 经历性因素 --- p.263 / Chapter 第四节 --- 小结 --- p.275 / Chapter 第七章 --- 结论 --- p.277 / Chapter 第一节 --- 研究的结论 --- p.277 / Chapter 第二节 --- 研究意义 --- p.285 / Chapter 第三节 --- 研究反思与建议 --- p.292 / Chapter 附录一 --- 第一次访谈提纲 --- p.296 / Chapter 附录二 --- 第二次访谈提纲 --- p.298 / Chapter 附录三 --- 第三次访谈提纲 --- p.300 / Chapter 附录四 --- 文献综述中的“学教 --- p.300 / 参考文献 --- p.304

陳潔貞. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(p. 267-283). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (p. 267-283). / Chen Jiezhen.

This graduation theses deals with the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard from the point of view of fututre teacher. The first part of the theses offers theoretical overview of basic thoughts of the Danish philosopher based on comparison with other philosophers. The other part analyses the possibilities of usage Kierkegaard's philosophy in teaching philosophy at high schools. The educational aims and the lessons' procedures are being described in this section.

Comprised of seven essays, this collection of literary nonfiction explores one man's journey into the teaching profession. The author recounts his experiences from just before he heard the call, to his first year teaching as an intern at Punahou School in Honolulu, through his first three years teaching full-time, and the challenges, mostly internal conflicts, he worked through as he taught freshmen and then two junior/senior electives before eventually going on sabbatical to Tanzania for his ninth year.

A research dissertation presented to the Faculty of Humanities (School of Education) In Partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree Masters of Education by Research University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Date of Submission: 29 April 2016 / This study is part of a larger research project titled Conditions of teaching and learning that facilitate and/or constrain learning English in rural high schools. The focus of the research project explores the conditions of teaching and learning English, and the contextual factors that facilitate and/or constrains learners’ motivation and participation in learning, in five rural high schools in Bushbuckridge area. The current study focused on how grade 10 and 11 First Additional English rural teachers’ conceptualise learning and teaching in Acornhoek schools, part of Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province. Given the focus of the study the literature review detailed issues with development of rural education, teachers’ conceptions of learning, teachers’ conceptions of teaching, English as a First Additional language (EFAL) in South Africa and the spectrum of current pedagogical practices. The literature review highlighted significant gaps that are important for the this study such as a lack of research in Africa and South Africa focusing on teachers’ conceptions of learning and teaching, particularly in rural schools. Furthermore the corpus of research conducted on conceptions focused on tertiary students’ conceptions of learning, there is limited research in schools, with teachers and learners, especially teachers’ pedagogical practices in relation to the conceptions. In addition the development of rural education and research in South Africa continue to be underdevelopment, with most research perceiving rurality as a deficit paradigm. Thus in order to address the literature gaps mentioned above the study engaged with six grade 10 and 11 rural teachers from Acornhoek, Mpumalanga Province. The sampling strategy was purposive, as only grades 10 and 11 EFAL teachers were the selected to participate in the study. In order to address the research questions and sub research questions, a qualitative research approach was used as it focuses on understanding socially and historically constructed meanings about experienced phenomena. Through the use of phenomenological methodology teachers’ meanings and beliefs about learning and teaching were interrogated and problematized. In order to interrogate and problematize teachers’ conceptions of learning and teaching two data collection methods were used namely: semistructured individual face-to-face interviews and non-participatory observations. The semi-structured individual face-to-face interviews were used to address the following research questions: 1. What are grade 10 and 11 English First Additional Language teachers’ conceptions of learning and teaching? 2. What shapes teachers’ conceptions of learning and teaching? The following research question was addressed by use the non-participatory observations: 3. How do teachers’ conceptions influence teaching approaches, if at all, during English poetry and short story lessons? In order to answer the above questions critical discourse analysis was used, to engage with participants’ responses from their individual face-to-face interviews. Critical discourse analysis assisted with ensuring in depth engagement with participants’ narrations, without taking any words for granted because meaning might be hidden in the selection of words. Thus critical discourse analysis enabled the critical identification of particular words used by the participants in order to gain insight to the underlying influences that shape rural teachers’ conceptions of learning and teaching in poetry and short stories lessons. As a result this involved an intense data analysis process, which incorporated the non-participatory classroom observations as well as the conceptual frameworks discussed from Bernstein, Alexander, and Scott and Mortimer. Some of the major findings suggest that teachers’ conceptions of learning and teaching are complex and complicated particularly if contextual issues are considered, as possible influential factors that shape teachers’ conceptions. The findings indicated that rural teachers’ conceptions of learning should be understood from early school learning to current teaching profession. The dominant conceptions of learning from early school and current teaching profession suggest memorisation, mimicking, and acquisition of information and little conceptions shows learning for transformation and change as a person. Various factors were identified to influences the conceptions such as policy, lack of resources and overcrowded classrooms. In addition, findings on teachers’ conceptions of teaching explicated the dynamics teachers face between ideas they hold about teaching and how they teach. The study indicated that some teachers mentioned ‘banking’ model of teaching that suggested teacher centred conception of teaching, which linked with some of the conceptions of learning. Most conceptions were about spoon-feeding, telling/giving learners information, and coordinating learning which link with conceptions of learning that promote surface learning. Other conceptions promoted transformation, unlocking minds, and life-learning, to show that teaching is not only about giving information but also ensure that the information changes the way learners make sense of the social issues in relation to the world. It was noted that teachers’ conceptions of learning and teaching seemed to have influenced how teachers teach poetry and short stories lessons, because irrespective of conceptualising teaching and learning in transformational and enlightenment but teachers used a unidirectional teaching approach. This teaching approach that all teachers used suggest ‘normality’ with using this way of teaching poetry and short stories, especially if the nature of poetry and short stories are taken into consideration. Without critiquing teachers’ pedagogical approaches, of concern is that all observed teachers, irrespective of different schools, used similar teaching approach which was shaped by curriculum policy expectations, teachers’ perceptions of learners, and the nature of the socio-cultural and economical context. Owing to some of the complexities mentioned above, further research on teachers’ conceptions of learning and teaching, particularly in rural schools is needed, because embedded in teachers’ conceptions lies their lived experiences and ideas about learning and teaching in rural school. Therefore if effective interventions are to be considered partnering with teachers and/or learners in rural schools to understand their conceptions, need to be seriously taken into account. The purpose is not to research with teachers rather than for teachers to enhance existing knowledge in partnership, rather imposing knowledge. / MT2017

[pt] Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões sobre os conteúdos de história ensinados no Ensino Médio.No decorrer dos anos 1980 e meados dos anos 1990, as pesquisas sobre o ensino de história e as produções acadêmicas geraram uma reavaliação do ensino dessa disciplina, produzindo um conjunto de documentos que deveria nortear as políticas públicas ligadas às áreas de formação. Em 2002, são lançados pelo MEC os PCN+, cuja proposta de organização e seleção de conteúdos para o Ensino Médio, define, em certa medida, quais os conteúdos de história a serem ensinados. Em outra perspectiva, ao lado das novas propostas curriculares, os conteúdos ministrados aos alunos passam por outras instâncias de transformações, tais como o vestibular. Pretende-se, nesta dissertação, compreender as formas pelas quais os professores atuam sobre esse processo de seleção dos conteúdos e particularmente sobre os critérios utilizados para incluir, excluir ou selecionar determinados conteúdos de história em suas práticas pedagógicas,tomando a existência do vestibular como elemento de referência. / [en] This work aims to present some reflections on the contents of History taught in the Middle School .In the 80s and in the middle of the 90s, of the XX century, the academic production and the research on the teaching of History conceived a reevaluation of the teaching of this subject characterized for the multiplicity of interpretations, possible historical readings and approaches. In 2003, MEC launched the PCN+, with the proposal of organization and selection of the contents of History to be taught. In another perspective, together the curricular proposals, the contents the students receive, go through other instances of transformations in the daily practice. This research searches to understand the forms which the teachers act in this process of selection, particularly on the criteria utilized to include, to exclude or to select some contents of history in their classes.

[pt] O ensino da Teoria dos Números Complexos durante o Ensino Médio é apresentado, por vezes, de uma maneira pouco representativa para os alunos levando em consideração a sua importância. Uma das lacunas que pode ser observada é a falta de exemplos de aplicações no cotidiano dos alunos o que, por fim, acaba não gerando significado no aprendizado para eles. No entanto, a aplicação dos números complexos é bem mais abrangente do que se possa imaginar, principalmente no campo das Ciências Exatas, tomando como exemplo a Engenharia. Este trabalho destina-se a ampliar a visão dos alunos do Ensino Médio apresentando aplicações e a maneira de como os Números Complexos são utilizados em outros contextos, assim como no estudo dos Circuitos Elétricos. / [en] The teaching of Complex Numbers Theory during High School is sometimes presented in a way that is not representative for students considering its importance. One of the gaps that can be observed is the lack of examples of applications in the students daily life, which, in the end, does not generate meaning in the learning for them. However, the application of the complex numbers is much more comprehensive than can be imagined, mainly, in the field of Exact Sciences taking as an example Engineering. This work is intended to broaden the view of high school students presenting applications and how Complex Numbers are used in other contexts, as well as in the study of Electrical Circuits.

This study focuses on the processes of creating and maintaining a community of teachers in an Israeli high-school. Ten high-school teachers were self-selected to participate in a yearlong professional development focusing on learning and teaching. The participants directed their own professional development by collaboratively sharing and reflecting on their practice. The methodology used for data gathering is rooted in the case study tradition within the philosophy of naturalistic inquiry. The weekly meetings throughout one academic year were recorded and transcribed. Teachers were interviewed three times: at the beginning and end of the year, and two years later, to leam about reasons for participating and evaluation of the community, and to allow further reflections on their experiences in the community. Two main concepts - community and caring relationships - emerged from group conversations and personal interviews, and were used as the study's analytical tools. Three topics were revisited in our conversations throughout the year: teacher-students relationships, teaching strategies, and evaluation of learning for both teachers and students. The conversations revealed the processes of creating an atmosphere of care, trust and openness that enhanced the development of genuine dialogue that turned this group into a caring community. The caring relationships encouraged teachers to make changes in their teaching and suggest changes at the school level. These relationships enhanced teachers' ability to leam from their encounters and helped them develop awareness of the importance of such relations within the educational context. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of teachers' community. It suggests that communities (a) support teachers by enhancing dialogue among them; (b) contribute to social change within the limited context of the school; and (c) add to the construction of knowledge about teaching, learning, and schooling. If schools aim to teach recognition of diverse voices where people strive to care for and understand each other, then teachers should leam and exercise these behaviours. The most viable space for the occurrence of such learning is within teachers' communities. This study, then, gives strength to arguing for the pursuit of communities in school.