A Avenida Paulista é considerada um dos maiores ícones de São Paulo, pois simboliza uma metrópole que se transformou significantemente dentro de um contexto de expansão urbana único, desde o último quartel do século XIX até final do século XX, sendo que a grande questão estabelecida é, como ela, praticamente desde sua inauguração em 1891, constituiu-se em uma imagem que se metamorfoseou em ícone e, mesmo com as mudanças que sofreu, acompanhando o desenvolvimento da metrópole, continuou sendo considerada como tal, diferente de outros ícones que, por motivos diversos, acabaram, de certa forma, por mudar seu grau de representatividade à medida que a aglomeração se expandia. Optamos pelo período, entre 1880 e 2007, que abrange desde um pouco antes de sua inauguração até a atualidade, pois acreditamos que este recorte histórico dê conta de mostrar os movimentos de transição da expansão urbana nos diferentes momentos históricos vividos na produção da metrópole, tendo a construção e afirmação desse ícone como elemento de instigante reflexão. Assim, nossa pesquisa privilegiou, além das fontes bibliográficas e iconográficas inerentes à expansão urbana de São Paulo, entrevistas que deram subsídios para compreender o processo de apropriação do espaço da Avenida Paulista. A pesquisa, então, trata da formação e consolidação de um ícone que representa a metrópole de São Paulo: a Avenida Paulista. / The Paulista Avenue is considered one of the greatest landmarks of São Paulo, because it represents a metropolis which changed significantly, from the last barracks of the 19th century to end of the 20th century, in an unique urban expansion context, and the great issue is how did it, since its inauguration in 1891, become a symbol which was metamorphosed into icon and, even when going through changes, was able to keep up with the city\'s development and continued being considered as such, different from other icons that, for several reasons, vanished because their degree of representativeness changed as the agglomeration expanded. We selected the period from 1880 to 2007, which goes from a little before its inauguration until the present time, due to the fact that we believed that this historical sample would be able to show the transition movements of the urban expansion in different moments in time throughout the city\'s development, and the construction and the establishment of that icon was the element of instigating reflection. Thus, our research was based on, besides the bibliographical sources and the inherent iconography of the urban expansion of São Paulo, interviews which helped us understand the appropriation process of the Paulista Avenue space. This research, then, is concerned with the construction and establishment of an icon that represents the metropolis of São Paulo: the Paulista Avenue.

Background: In the food market, certification marks are considered to give guidance and orientation. This specific market is constantly growing in its product range, which causes a choice overload for the consumer. At the same time, anincreasing differentiation of customer’s needs and demands exists. This increase requires information about the product and led to the development of further certification marks. Thus, it has come to a profusion of certification marks which results in a loss of information value for the consumer and ultimately in a deficient information process and understanding of the certification marks. Purpose: This study investigates the influence of semiotics in the information processing of certification marks. Further insight into the final stage of the consumers’understanding of certification marks is given, in order to reveal semiotics as a communication medium on certification marks. Furthermore, the study aims todraw attention to the current deficiency of the certification marks’ informationprocess and provides improvement measures. Method: An abductive research approach with an interpretivism philosophy was chosen to analyze the collected data. The exploratory study used a total of 17 semi- structured interviews, which were divided into three different modules. The firstmodule shortly investigated a consumer’s general grocery buying behavior andtheir understanding of certification marks. The following modules were basedon the information process. The second module looked at a consumer’sabsorption capacity of certification marks and the third module was divided intothree further themes that explored a consumer’s associations with semiotics. Conclusion: A lack of understanding certification marks was identified in the study, which is based on a deficient information process of the consumer. The first deficiency was detected between the sensory register and short-term memory showing that consumers have a limited absorption capacity for semiotics in certification marks. A further deficiency, found in the short-term memory, reveals that issue scope associations must align with the semiotics used in certification marks in order to be understood. Additionally, the product of the certification mark influences the information process. Finally, it can be said that semiotics play a key role in understanding certification marks as they strongly influence aconsumer’s information processing.

This project provides an audio notification about nearby tourism place to visit (named sight in this thesis), a chapter based Audio Books related to the current sight and involving Digital Library to provide text for the Audio Books for the Tourist Information Provider on a mobile device (TIP). The current system plays a background sound for the sight only when the system displays the specific information for that sight after user selects it. This has been improved to provide a notification by which to receive audios from the recommendation service, and then keep sending audio data to clients on real time. So users can know the sight nearby before they look at their screen. The limitation of current Audio Books is that it only provides Audio Books when the books start from the current sight. This problem is solved by providing a list of books that has any chapter related to that sight, and users can add them into a now-playing list. The Travel Planning Service has been involved to place the Audio Books chapters into the now-playing list based on the order of the visiting sight in their plan. The TIP/Greenstone Service, which can load particular text from Greenstone Digital Library into TIP, has been involved in this project to provide related chapter-based text for those Audio Books. The implemented prototype has been evaluated on effeteness and performance based on the purpose of this project. The result has been discussed to prove it has effectively solved the problem described above. Finally, the result of the experiment on distinguishing audio, and technology for implementation and audio transfers, has been left for future study.

Reklama, kurioje veikia literatūrinis, mitologinis ar folklorinis personažas, kuria vientisą ir labai konkretų įvaizdį, kuris apima tiek reklamos kūrėją ir vartotoją, tiek ir reklamos pardavėją bei visuomenę. Šio darbo objektas – literatūriniai, mitologiniai ir folkloriniai personažai, veikiantys reklamos diskurse. Minėti personažai, palikę savo autorius ir pirminius kūrinius, ateina į reklamos diskursą, virsdami savarankiškai gyvuojančiais objektais. Reklamos kūrėjų pagrindinė užduotis – pristatyti personažus taip, kad vartotojas, juos pamatęs reklamos diskurse, greičiau atpažintų – tokiu būdu net ir kitoje disciplinoje personažų kuriami konceptai išlieka populiarūs ir paveikūs. Magistro darbe analizuojama, kaip buvo kuriami literatūriniai, mitologiniai, folkloriniai personažai ir kokią funkciją jie atliko savo pirminiuose kūriniuose, nagrinėjama, kaip jie keičiasi, patekę į reklamos diskursą. Literatūrinėje plotmėje personažai veikė pagal vienokias taisykles – kūrinio autoriaus sugalvotą siužetą, o dabar, įkelti į reklamos diskursą, šie personažai yra perkuriami pagal reklamos kūrėjui reikiamą strategiją. Perkurti personažai pasiekia reklamos vartotoją ir ima veikti interteksto pagrindu, tačiau implikuojant visiškai naujas reikšmes, t. y. vartotojas reklaminį pranešimą, kuriame veikia literatūriniai, mitologiniai ar folkloriniai personažai, perskaito visiškai naujai – pagal reklamai galiojančius reikalavimus ir taisykles. Literatūriniai, mitologiniai ir folkloriniai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Advertisement in which literary, mythological or folkloric character acts, creates a single and very specific image that embraces both advertiser and user, as well as advertising dealer and society.Object of this work: literary, mythological and folkloric characters, acting in advertising discourse. These characters having left their original authors and works come to advertising discourse turning into individually existing subjects. The main task of ad creators is to present the characters so that the user, seeing them in advertising discourse, recognizes them as fast as possible – in that way, even the concepts created by the characters in other disciplines remain popular and influential. Master thesis analyzes how the literary, mythological, folkloric characters were created and what function they performed in their original works, as well as how they change having entered the advertising discourse. In the literary context, the characters acted in accordance with the rules in one way - the author’s conceived plot, and now, entered into the discourse of advertising, these characters are rebuilt according to the strategy necessary for the advertisers. Recreated characters reach the ad consumer and start acting on the intertext basis, but implying entirely new meanings, i.e. consumer reads the advertisements with acting literary, mythological and folkloric characters, in the totally new way: according to requirements and regulations applied for advertising. Literary... [to full text]

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W.J.T. Mitchell has famously noted that we are in the midst of a “pictorial turn,” and images are playing an increasingly important role in digital and multimodal communication. My dissertation addresses the question of how meaning is made when texts and images are united in multimodal arguments. Visual rhetoricians have often attempted to understand text-image arguments by privileging one medium over the other, either using text-based rhetorical principles or developing new image-based theories. I argue that the relationship between the two media is more dynamic, and can be better understood by applying The New Rhetoric’s concept of dissociation, which Chaim Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca developed to demonstrate how the interaction of differently valued concepts can construct new meaning. My dissertation expands the range of dissociation by applying it specifically to visual contexts and using it to critique visual arguments in a series of historical moments when political, religious, and economic factors cause one form of media to be valued over the other: Byzantine Iconoclasm, the late medieval period, the 1950’s advertising boom, and the modern digital age. In each of these periods, I argue that dissociation reveals how the privileged medium can shape an entire multimodal argument. I conclude with a discussion of dissociative multimodal pedagogy, applying dissociation to the multimodal composition classroom.

This thesis revolves around an obvious fact: printed (or otherwise two- or three-dimensional) poetry is always and inevitably visual. By analysing a representative selection of poems, including conspicuously experimental and image-like poems as well as examples of more conventional poetry, the thesis points out that visual iconicity is an equally inevitable consequence of the visuality of printed poetry. The analysis applies terminology relating to iconicity and intermediality (presented by Lars Elleström, whose theoretical basis is the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce) to the selected poems, while avoiding making too specific interpretations, in order to maintain a discussion of the ever-present phenomenon of visual iconicity as such, and not just the individual examples. Rather than introducing visual iconicity specifically to confirm more or less specific interpretations of poetic texts, this method of approaching poems as two-dimensional works of art is what this paper mainly aims to propose, as a productive starting point for literary analyses in general; as is concluded in the theoretical framework by Elleström, the actual modal and iconic properties of printed poetry contradict mutually exclusive dichotomies such as verbal/visual and text/image. While indirectly visually iconic poems tend to have a wider range of possible interpretations at the outset, the existence of iconic potential, however, does not depend on any specific interpretation.

The goal of this study is to better understand academic library design, selection, and use of web icons. An additional goal is to discover some of the possible consequences of icon design decisions for student users. This research is meant to help library staff better understand the factors involved in icon design and to assist library staff with icons in the future. Towards this aim, a categorical assessment of thirty academic library icons was conducted. To enable a holistic understanding of the icons, a sub-sample of nine icons was examined in interviews with eight University of Alberta students. Staff involved with the design/selection of icons at five libraries were interviewed. Findings indicate some common areas of weakness in the studied icons which negatively affect the user experience. Further, possible explanations for these design flaws are evidenced in the design process at the library institutions.

Thesis (M.A. (Hons.)) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002. / "A thesis submitted for the fulfillment of a Master's Degree in Contemporary Arts" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Darmstadt.