In order for a business management to be able to make informed decisions for their companies need enterprise management system regularly checked by internal audits. The aim of purpose with this work was to develop a working manual for integrated internal audits. This was done through a litterature study and interviews with auditors. An in-depth interview was conducted with an experienced auditor to get more understanding and depth of the internal audits process, and how the manual could be designed. Discussions were held with the person responsible for environment, health and safety at Swedspan Hultsfred to adjust the manual to the company’s internal management system. The manual contains of eight parts starting with an introduction followed by deviding of the company, a three-year plan, a list of demands, questions-template, tips on how questions should be asked and ending with an evaluation. The manual has been tested and confirmed in practice by the author. The conclusions drawn in the report is that companies integrate their internal audits, which requires the auditor to have experience to succeed in performing internal audits. By using the manual, it is intended that the auditor should learn more on internal audits during the work. Top tips for implementing an integrated internal audit include: To make a schedule, ask good questions and to evaluate the work. / För att en företagsledning ska kunna ta välgrundade beslut för sitt företag behöver företagets ledningssystem regelbundet kontrolleras med hjälp av internrevisioner. Syftet med arbetet var att få fram en fungerande handbok för integrerade internrevisioner. Detta gjordes genom en litteraturstudie samt intervjuer av revisorer. En längre intervju genomfördes med en erfaren revisor för att få mer förståelse och djup för hur internrevisioner genomförs samt hur handboken kunde läggas upp. En diskussion fördes med den ansvariga personen för miljö, hälsa och säkerhet på Swedspan i Hultsfred för att få fram hur ett företag vill att handboken ska se ut. Manualen innehåller åtta delar som börjar med en introduktion följt av uppdelning av bolaget, en treårsplan, en lista med krav, frågemall, tips om hur frågor bör ställas och slutar med en utvärdering. Slutsatser som dras i rapporten är att företag integrerar sina interna revisioner, och att revisorn då behöver ha erfarenhet för att lyckas med att genomföra internrevisionerna. Genom att använda handboken så är det meningen att revisorn ska lära sig mer om internrevisioner under arbetets gång. De bästa tipsen för genomförandet av en integrerad internrevision är bl.a. att göra en tidsplan, ställa bra frågor och att utvärdera arbetet.

Family-owned enterprise is a typical governance structure around the world. In addressing the governance issues in family business, the founding family usually utilizes the direct or indirect ownership structure and also the management design to mitigate the typical agency-principal problem among founding family and the professional managers in family businesses. However, scholars indicate that the majority shareholders, such as the founding family in a family business, will induce the principal-principal agency concern, and also have the possibility to exploit the minority shareholder¡¦s interests in publicly traded family businesses. Thus, the corporate governance today will not only focus on mitigating the typical agency-principal problem, but also the principal-principal agency problem in family businesses. This study tries to examine the role of the internal audit¡¦s independence in addressing the performance issues in publicly traded family businesses in Taiwan. From the agency theory viewpoint, this study try to utilize the questionnaires method to estimate the degree of the internal audit¡¦s independence, and future examine its performance impact in family businesses in Taiwan. This study suggests that the internal audit power, and the internal audit independent execution, can be two kinds of independence indexes in estimating the degree of internal audit¡¦s independence. The results indicate that the internal audit¡¦s independence will generate direct and moderated impact on publicly trade family business¡¦s performance in Taiwan. Specifically, the more independent board of directors a family business has, the better performance that this focal firm behaves. Moreover, the internal audit¡¦s independence will generate positively direct impact on firm performance in a family business. Additionally, the degree of internal audit¡¦s independent execution will moderate the positive impact from independent board of directors and family leadership on firm performance in publicly trade family businesses in Taiwan. This study provides referable values in estimating the internal audit¡¦s independence in publicly trade businesses. And it also provides theoretical and practical implications in addressing governance issues in family businesses in Asia.

Magistro darbo tikslas – pagrįsti vidaus auditoriaus veiklos specifiškumą ir jos vertinimo aspektus ir ištirti vidaus auditoriaus veiklos efektyvumą Lietuvos komercinių bankų sektoriuje. Išanalizavus literatūrą paaiškėjo, kad vidaus auditoriaus veikla laikui bėgant tapo specifiškesnė dėl išsiplėtusių funkcijų ir kompetencijų gausos, nepriklausomybės užtikrinimo ir veiklos vertinimo problematikos. Anketinis tyrimas atskleidė, kad Lietuvos komercinių bankų vidaus auditoriaus veikla vertinama kur kas palankiau, nei kito sektoriaus. Vidaus auditoriaus veikla šiame sektoriuje yra efektyvi, tai ypatingai pasireiškia vidaus kontrolės sistemoje. Sukurta veiklos vertinimo metodika padės atskleisti vidaus auditoriaus veiklos efektyvumą per funkcines sritis ir aplinkos analizę. Efektyvi Lietuvos komercinių bankų vidaus auditoriaus veikla turėtų paskatinti kitas įmones samdyti vidaus auditorius, kaip savo darbuotojus, ir jų pagalba siekti geresnių įmonės rezultatų. Tyrimo duomenys gali būti panaudojami tiriant kito sektoriaus vidaus auditoriaus veiklos efektyvumą. / Master‘s poin of work – to substantiate internal auditor‘s work‘s specification and it‘s estimation of aspects and explore internal auditor‘s work‘s efficiency in Lithuanian commercial bank‘s sector. Literature anglysis discovered that internal auditor‘s work in time became more specifical because of the planty of functions and competencies, independence security and the estimation of the work problem. The form showup that the work of internal auditor‘s is more appreciable then other sector‘s. Internal auditor‘s work is efective in this sector, where more shown in internal control system. Made-up estimated metod of the work let to show the effectiveness of the internal auditor‘s work throught the functional ways and analysis of surrounding. Effective internal auditor‘s work should stimulate other companys to employ internal auditors, as their workers, in order to reach beter company‘s results. Research results can be used to analize other sector‘s interna auditor‘s work efektiveness.

Study object: • Internal audit and changes related with it in primary school. Aim: • To determine the influence of internal audit on alternation processes in primary school. Study tasks: • To analyze pedagogical and psychological literature of monitoring direction. • To clarify the attitude of pedagogues, parents and pupils to internal audit as the main alternation stimulating factor. • To explore internal audit influence on alternation. • To discuss about internal audit as knowledge and perfection condition of ourselves. Study methods: • The research of scientific literature. • Analyze of the documents. • Method of quantitative research. • Statistical treatment of data. The research of activity efficiency in the comprehensive schools was analyzed of very outstanding Lithuanian scientists and other investigators practices. I would like to mention B. Bitinas, P. Jucevičienė, V. Stulpinas, Ž. Jackūnas, V. Targamadzė, R. Želvys, M. Barkauskaitė, A. Bagdonas and others. The first research in branch of internal audit was done by Center of Pedagogues Education (CPE), the internal audit experiments were done in the preschools, in the primary schools and in the comprehensive schools. In nowadays very important to establish the internal audit, because just then schools by themselves could plumb to their done specific activities, would be interested to education politic and standards of quality. In 2002-2003 the internal audit were done in every comprehensive school, but there... [to full text]

Kokią sritį benagrinėtume šiandien, bet kurioje atrasime aktualių klausimų ne tik mums bet ir visuomenei. Kiekvieną veiklą reglamentuoja tam tikri teisės aktai ir normos, skiriasi tik jų tobulumas ir kokybė. Lietuva kaip nepriklausoma valstybė yra dar jauna, o „audito“ sąvoka ir jo teisinės tradicijos Lietuvoje tėra tik „vaikas“. Vidaus auditas Lietuvos viešųjų juridinių asmenų (taip pat ir LR Aplinkos ministerijoje) veikloje tikrai dar neužima jam priklausančios vietos organizacijoje. Kiekviena veikla, kaip ir vidaus auditas viešajame sektoriuje, priklauso nuo to, kokia teisinė bazė ją reglamentuoja. Dėl šios priežasties darbe buvo nagrinėjami Vidaus audito profesinės praktikos standartai, LR Aplinkos ministerijos vidaus audito tarnybos veiklą reglamentuojanti teisinė bazė. Vidaus audito profesinės praktikos standartai ir jų taikymas viešajame sektoriuje yra ne tik nauja ir aktuali tema (nes iki šiol niekas viešai nenagrinėjo) viešojo sektoriaus vidaus auditoriams, bet ir yra pakankamai problematiška. / Any sphere taken to be analyzed today comprises actual questions not only for us but also for the society. Each activity is regulated by certain legal acts and rules; the difference is only in their perfection and quality. Lithuania as an independent country is still very young, therefore the concept of audit and its legal traditions in Lithuania are still ‘children’. Internal audit in the activities of public legal entities (also in the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania) do not yet take the right place in an organization. Every activity as the internal audit in public sector depends on which legal base it is regulated. Therefore, this paper deals with the standards of professional practice of internal audit and legal base regulating activities of internal audit of the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania. Standards of professional practice of internal audit and their application in the public sector is not only recent and relevant issue (as it was not analysed publicly so far) for the auditors of public sector but also quite topical. One of the claims raised by the European Commission is to run membership funds credibly and effectively - could be implemented via secure system of internal control and audit. In order to implement this aim comprehensive and legal methodological issue – standards of internal audit practice of Lithuania that would sign and correspond to the main requirements for the auditors in the EU are needed. The aim of... [to full text]

Summary Jelena Makara Internal Audit in Lithuanian Enterprises Final work of University magistracy Studies, 76 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables, 61 literature references, 4 appendix, in Lithuanian. KEY words: internal audit, internal control, stage, enterprises, Lithuania. The object of research is the internal audit in enterprises of Lithuania. The aim of the research – to analyse the internal audit condition; to investigate produce methods and reasons of absence of internal audit; to give recommendations for improvement of the state and possibility of distribution of internal audit in enterprises of Lithuania. Objectives: * to formulate the definition of the internal audit, by results of theoretical questions connected with the concept of internal audit, definition; * to make the internal audit and the internal control comparative analysis, to define an influence of the internal audit on system of internal control, and to examine conception of internal auditor independence; * to give a classification of the internal audit by it type, and to examine it functions; * to analyse the history of internal audit appearance in Lithuania, and laws of internal audit; * to discover and to analyse stages of realization of internal audit; * to analyse internal audit condition in enterprises of Lithuania, by results of carried out research, and to give recommendations for improvement of condition of internal audit; * to determine reasons of internal audit absence in enterprises... [to full text]

Purpose: Our purpose is to investigate if the documentation of an internalaudit department at banks reflects a shift towards more consultingactivities, and how this potential change in the internal audit doc-umentation can be explained. Background: Previous research indicates that internal audit has developed fromits traditional assurance activities to include more consulting ac-tivities such as risk management assistance and corporate govern-ance support. Some researches argue that this development canhave a negative impact on internal auditor independence. Howev-er, there is a lack of research in this area using documentation andcontent analysis of internal audit reports. Method: In this study, we have done qualitative content analysis of internaldocuments collected from the period 2004-2013. These docu-ments are analyzed using a coding scheme based on previous re-search. Conclusion: By qualitatively analysing the activities reported we find that thedocumentation reflects a shift, over time, towards more activitiesthat we classified as consulting. We argue that this can mainly beexplained by coercive and normative isomorphism; for example,regulatory pressures and influences from the Institute of InternalAuditors. We also argue that internal auditing might benefit froma more consistent view of the role.

The Municipal Manager is responsible for the overall financial management of the municipality as requirement of MFMA. However, section 79(1) of the MFMA makes a provision for the municipal manager to delegate the financial management to the senior manager. The legislative requires that all municipalities should appoint a Chief Financial Officer (CFO) who must be a member of the Senior Management of the municipality. The act, furthermore, requires the municipality to establish the budget and treasury office to be headed by the CFO. In 2007, the Minister of Finance released guidelines for the minimum competency requirement regulation of CFOs implemented on the first day of July 2007. According to the literature review, the CFO should move away from being number crunchers to become more visible in strategic and leadership management. Generally, according to the literature review, financial management within local municipalities in Gauteng is not properly managed. This was revealed in the general report on the audit outcomes of local government for the financial year ended 30 June 2003, 2004 and 2005. The summary of these reports shows that the Auditor-General expressed disclaimer of opinion to 50% of the financial statements and 13.1% adverse opinion of the municipalities. The reports further revealed that most of the municipalities do not have effective internal risk management or internal audit departments, late submission of financial statements is rife, and failure to implement newly enacted legislation prevails. Therefore, the municipalities' overall financial management is not well managed. The data gathered from the municipalities by administering questionnaires show that the local municipalities' finances are properly managed and they have effective systems of internal control. The municipalities have internal audit or risk management departments, they have functional audit committees and lastly, they implement recommendations from the Auditor-General's office and internal audit diligently. Information from the Auditor-General's office contradicts the information received from municipalities. The researcher is biased towards accepting the Auditor-General's point of view since the Auditor-General has no reason to paint a good or bad picture about the municipalities. The problem presented is that the municipalities do not have welt-established governance structures in place, in the first place; secondly, the contradiction highlights the perceptions of the people involved with the day-to-day financial management about its effectiveness and the Auditor-General's opinion of it. To overcome the problems, municipalities are advised to include competency assessment in their job selection processes, develop their staff members, establish and implement succession planning, and adhere to the legislation and submission timeframes. It is further recommended that the municipalities should adhere to the policy framework and develop strategies that support enhanced service delivery, as well as to instill energy and thought to overcome loss of skill and expertise due to high staff turnover. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

The Municipal Manager is responsible for the overall financial management of the municipality as requirement of MFMA. However, section 79(1) of the MFMA makes a provision for the municipal manager to delegate the financial management to the senior manager. The legislative requires that all municipalities should appoint a Chief Financial Officer (CFO) who must be a member of the Senior Management of the municipality. The act, furthermore, requires the municipality to establish the budget and treasury office to be headed by the CFO. In 2007, the Minister of Finance released guidelines for the minimum competency requirement regulation of CFOs implemented on the first day of July 2007. According to the literature review, the CFO should move away from being number crunchers to become more visible in strategic and leadership management. Generally, according to the literature review, financial management within local municipalities in Gauteng is not properly managed. This was revealed in the general report on the audit outcomes of local government for the financial year ended 30 June 2003, 2004 and 2005. The summary of these reports shows that the Auditor-General expressed disclaimer of opinion to 50% of the financial statements and 13.1% adverse opinion of the municipalities. The reports further revealed that most of the municipalities do not have effective internal risk management or internal audit departments, late submission of financial statements is rife, and failure to implement newly enacted legislation prevails. Therefore, the municipalities' overall financial management is not well managed. The data gathered from the municipalities by administering questionnaires show that the local municipalities' finances are properly managed and they have effective systems of internal control. The municipalities have internal audit or risk management departments, they have functional audit committees and lastly, they implement recommendations from the Auditor-General's office and internal audit diligently. Information from the Auditor-General's office contradicts the information received from municipalities. The researcher is biased towards accepting the Auditor-General's point of view since the Auditor-General has no reason to paint a good or bad picture about the municipalities. The problem presented is that the municipalities do not have welt-established governance structures in place, in the first place; secondly, the contradiction highlights the perceptions of the people involved with the day-to-day financial management about its effectiveness and the Auditor-General's opinion of it. To overcome the problems, municipalities are advised to include competency assessment in their job selection processes, develop their staff members, establish and implement succession planning, and adhere to the legislation and submission timeframes. It is further recommended that the municipalities should adhere to the policy framework and develop strategies that support enhanced service delivery, as well as to instill energy and thought to overcome loss of skill and expertise due to high staff turnover. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

These thesis focus on one of the most problematic fields of the governance of local authorities – the control system of local governments‘ and the most important figure in this system – the municipality controller‘s institution. This work aims to analyse the municipality controller‘s instituttion and to present an in depth and systematic analysis of it‘s legal regulation and institutional development, problems and topicalities, concerning the controller‘s practise and functions. Another aspect of this research - is to describe the international and the EU standards, related to the external and internal audit, and to give examples of the experience of other European countries in the field of the municipality control.