Um novo laboratório experimental desenvolvido para investigar a combustão de carvão em atmosferas de oxicombustão é descrito em detalhes na tese. Um reator ciclônico é utilizado para a combustão de carvões de baixo rank em condições de escoamento turbulento e com swirl, e operando em temperaturas similares às encontradas em câmaras de combustão industriais. Um sensor potenciométrico de oxigênio, instalado dentro do reator ciclônico, é utilizado para medir o consumo de oxigênio durante a combustão das amostras de carvão. Amostras de carvão com alto teor de cinzas, das minas do Leão e Bonito localizadas no sul do Brasil, e amostras de carvão linhito pré-seco (LTBK), da região da Lusácia, na Alemanha, foram submetidos à combustão em atmosferas de ar e de oxicombustão (O2/CO2/H2O). Os experimentos foram realizados em três temperaturas médias do gás de combustão: 1073, 1173 e 1273 K. Para as amostras do carvão LTBK, a oxicombustão foi composta com duas atmosferas de O2/CO2 sem vapor d’água (21/79 e 30/70) e três atmosferas de O2/CO2/H2O (30/60/10, 30/50/20 e 30/40/30) em base molar, enquanto para as amostras dos carvões Leão e Bonito, a oxicombustão foi composta com duas atmosferas de O2/CO2 (21/79 e 30/70). As amostras de carvão foram peneiradas para uma faixa de tamanho de partículas de 1250 a 2000 μm e 125 a 500 μm, e com massas de 1g e 3g. Em adição aos testes, amostras de char dos carvões Leão e LTBK foram preparadas para investigar o comportamento da combustão de suas matrizes carbonosas com diferentes níveis de matéria volátil. Primeiramente, a investigação da combustão do carvão é feita diretamente a partir das curvas de concentração de oxigênio medidas para a combustão das amostras de carvão LTBK submetidos às atmosferas de ar e oxicombustão com vapor d’água, conforme explicado no Capítulo 2 desta tese. Entretanto, devido ao grande número de experimentos realizados e a necessidade de entender a influência dos fatores, como temperatura e as composições das atmosferas oxidantes, e as interações entre esses fatores na combustão do carvão, a análise pela metodologia do Projeto de Experimentos (DoE) é aplicada nos experimentos, conforme detalhado no Capítulo 3. A reatividade dos carvões de baixo rank é investigada por meio do cálculo dos parâmetros cinéticos globais e dos coeficientes da taxa de reação de combustão do char, considerando a hipótese de um reator bem misturado, a ser verificada ao longo da investigação, conforme descrito no Capítulo 4. A partir da análise das curvas de concentração de oxigênio (Capítulos 2 e 3), os resultados mostram que a atmosfera de oxicombustão com 79% de CO2 (21/79, O2/CO2) aumenta o consumo de oxigênio para os carvões de alto teor de cinzas, Bonito e Leão, e para o carvão linhito com alto teor de voláteis (LTBK), devido à influência da reação de gaseificação do CO2 a partir de temperaturas acima de 1073 K. A partir da análise dos parâmetros cinéticos globais calculados para avaliar a reatividade dos carvões, os resultados mostram que a hipótese do reator bem misturado não é o suficiente para capturar a cinética da combustão do carvão por batelada no interior do reator ciclônico. A reatividade dos carvões investigados, através das constantes efetivas da taxa de reação, variando-se a composição da atmosfera oxidante, temperatura do gás de combustão, tamanho de partículas, massa da amostra e posição do sensor de oxigênio, têm influência do escoamento com swirl e seus termos advectivos e difusivos. / A novel laboratory facility designed to investigate coal oxy-fuel combustion is described in the present work. A cyclone chamber allows for the combustion of low-rank coal under turbulent conditions and swirling flows, covering a temperature range similar to those found on practical furnaces. A potentiometric oxygen sensor with oxide-ion conducting solid electrolytes, as stabilized zirconia, installed within the cyclone reactor, is used to measure the oxygen consumption during the combustion of coal samples. High ash coals samples, from Leão and Bonito mining sites located in South Brazil, and pre-dried lignite coal samples (LTBK), from the Lusatian region, in Germany, were burned under air and oxy-fuel (O2/CO2/H2O) atmospheres. Experiments were carried out at three average gas combustion temperatures: 1073, 1173 and 1273 K. For LTBK coal, oxy-fuel combustion was composed with two O2/CO2 atmospheres (21/79 and 30/70) and three O2/CO2/H2O atmospheres (30/60/10, 30/50/20 and 30/40/30) in molar basis, whereas for Leão and Bonito coals, the oxy-fuel combustion was composed with two O2/CO2 atmospheres (21/79 and 30/70). Coal samples were sieved to a size range of 1250 to 2000 μm and 125 to 500 μm and with 1g and 3g. In addition, char samples from Leão and lignite coals were prepared in order to investigate the combustion behavior of its carbon matrix for different levels of volatile matter. The investigation of coal combustion behavior is made firstly directly on the oxygen concentration curves measured for LTBK coal samples burned under air and oxy-fuel atmospheres with water vapor, as detailed in Chapter 2 of this thesis. However, due to the great number of experiments performed and the need to understand the influence of the factors, as temperature and atmosphere compositions, and the interactions between them on the coal combustion, the Design of Experiments (DoE) analysis is applied in the laboratory test facility, as developed in Chapter 3. The reactivity of low rank coals is assessed by means of global kinetic parameters and of char combustion reaction coefficients, under assumption of a well stirred reactor to be tested along the investigation, as described in Chapter 4. From the analysis of oxygen concentration curves (Chapter 2 and 3), results show that oxidizer oxy-fuel atmosphere with 79% CO2 (21/79, O2/CO2) increases the oxygen consumption for high ash coals, Bonito and Leão, and for pre-dried lignite coal, LTBK, due to the influence of CO2 gasification reaction on their coal combustion reactions from gas combustion temperatures higher than 1073 K. From the analysis of global kinetic parameters calculated to assess the coal reactivity, the results show that the hypothesis of a well stirred reactor is not enough to capture the kinetic involved in coal combustion burned in batch mode within the cyclone reactor. The coal reactivity investigated with the effective reaction rate constants for different oxidizer atmospheres, gas combustion temperatures, particle diameters, sample masses and oxygen sensor position, is influenced by the swirling flow with its advective and diffusive terms.

A reoxigenação de água residuária é tratada na literatura técnica de maneira análoga à reoxigenação na água limpa; os efeitos do consumo de oxigênio pela população bacteriana ativa são quantificados pela introdução dos parâmetros alfa e beta. Alfa corrige o coeficiente volumétrico de transferência de massa do oxigênio e beta corrige a concentração de saturação do oxigênio dissolvido na água. Com o presente estudo pretende-se tornar explícitos os parâmetros cinéticos envolvidos no processo, de modo a fornecer base conceitual para um melhor entendimento do fenômeno. A pesquisa é feita a partir de trabalho experimental, seguido de modelagem matemática conceitual. No entanto, no lugar dos microrganismos como sumidouro de oxigênio dissolvido foi utilizado o borbulhamento sub-superficial de gás nitrogênio, em processo de stripping. Um processo físico, portanto, substitui o processo bioquímico no papel de retirar o oxigênio dissolvido no seio líquido. O modelo matemático proposto ajustou-se bem aos dados experimentais, sendo que a sua validação pôde ser obtida através das análises estatísticas realizadas. / The reoxygenation in wastewater is seen in the technical literature in an analogous way as the reoxygenation of clean water. The effects of the oxygen consumed by active bacteria population are quantified with the introduction of the parameters alpha and beta. Alpha corrects for the volumetric mass transfer coefficient and beta corrects for the dissolved oxygen saturation concentration. The present research intends to make explicit the kinetic of the process, in order to supply conceptual support to a better understanding of the phenomenon. The research is done through experimental work, followed by conceptual, mathematical modeling. Stripping with nitrogen is used as an oxygen sink instead of microorganisms. Thus, a physical process replaces the biochemical process. The proposed mathematical model fitted well to the experimental data, and its validation could be obtained through the statistical analyses done.

No description available.

<p>3’ end cleavage and polyadenylation are important steps in the maturation of eukaryotic mRNAs. Poly(A) polymerase (PAP), the enzyme catalysing the addition of adenosine residues, exists in multiple isoforms. In this study the functional significance of multiple poly(A) polymerases have been investigated. It is concluded (i) that at least three mechanisms generate the multiple isoforms i.e. gene duplication, post-translational modification and alternative mRNA processing and (ii) that the different isoforms of poly(A) polymerases have different catalytic properties. The study highlights regulation of poly(A) polymerase activity through modulation of its affinity for the substrate as visualised by the K_M parameter. We suggest that trans-acting factors modulating the K_M of poly(A) polymerase will play important roles in regulating its activity.</p><p>A new human poly(A) polymerase (PAPγ) encoded by the PAPOLG gene was identified. PAPγ is 65% homologous to the previously identified PAP. In human cells three isoforms of poly(A) polymerases being 90, 100 and 106 kDa in sizes are present. These native isoforms were purified. The PAPOLA gene encoded the 100 and 106 kDa isoforms while the 90 kDa isoform was encoded by the PAPOLG gene. Native PAPγ was found to be more active than 100 kDa PAP while the hyperphosphorylated 106 kDa PAP isoform was comparably inactive due to a 500-fold decrease in affinity for the RNA substrate. </p><p>The PAPOLG gene was shown to encode one unique mRNA while the PAPOLA gene generated five different PAP mRNAs by alternative splicing of the last three exons. The PAPOLA encoded mRNAs were divided into two classes based on the composition of the last three exons. Poly(A) polymerases from the two classes were shown to differ in polyadenylation activities. These differences revealed two novel regulatory motifs in the extreme C-terminal end of PAP, one being inactivating and the other activating for polyadenylation activity.</p>

3’ end cleavage and polyadenylation are important steps in the maturation of eukaryotic mRNAs. Poly(A) polymerase (PAP), the enzyme catalysing the addition of adenosine residues, exists in multiple isoforms. In this study the functional significance of multiple poly(A) polymerases have been investigated. It is concluded (i) that at least three mechanisms generate the multiple isoforms i.e. gene duplication, post-translational modification and alternative mRNA processing and (ii) that the different isoforms of poly(A) polymerases have different catalytic properties. The study highlights regulation of poly(A) polymerase activity through modulation of its affinity for the substrate as visualised by the KM parameter. We suggest that trans-acting factors modulating the KM of poly(A) polymerase will play important roles in regulating its activity. A new human poly(A) polymerase (PAPγ) encoded by the PAPOLG gene was identified. PAPγ is 65% homologous to the previously identified PAP. In human cells three isoforms of poly(A) polymerases being 90, 100 and 106 kDa in sizes are present. These native isoforms were purified. The PAPOLA gene encoded the 100 and 106 kDa isoforms while the 90 kDa isoform was encoded by the PAPOLG gene. Native PAPγ was found to be more active than 100 kDa PAP while the hyperphosphorylated 106 kDa PAP isoform was comparably inactive due to a 500-fold decrease in affinity for the RNA substrate. The PAPOLG gene was shown to encode one unique mRNA while the PAPOLA gene generated five different PAP mRNAs by alternative splicing of the last three exons. The PAPOLA encoded mRNAs were divided into two classes based on the composition of the last three exons. Poly(A) polymerases from the two classes were shown to differ in polyadenylation activities. These differences revealed two novel regulatory motifs in the extreme C-terminal end of PAP, one being inactivating and the other activating for polyadenylation activity.

Le travail de cette thèse porte sur le développement de modèles neutroniques innovants pour le couplage avec la thermohydraulique, associant précision et temps de calcul raisonnable. Un des cas d'application principaux étant le réacteur à sel fondu, à spectre neutronique rapide et en cycle thorium MSFR (Molten Salt Fast Reactor), réacteur de 4ème génération à combustible liquide circulant, la prise en compte du mouvement des précurseurs de neutrons retardés et des phénomènes associés est nécessaire. Les études de conception de ce type de réacteur ont été le point de départ de ces développements, via le besoin d'une représentation multiphysique adaptée pour l'obtention d'une image globale et la réalisation d'études de transitoire.Dans un premier temps un couplage stationnaire a été développé, associant un modèle neutronique basé sur une approche stochastique, et un code de CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) résolvant les équations de Navier Stokes des écoulements turbulents ainsi que le transport des précurseurs de neutrons retardés. Ce modèle neutronique intègre l'effet lié au transport de ces précurseurs par une reconstruction de la gerbe prompte qu'ils génèrent. Cette approche dite par gerbe considère le réacteur critique comme un système sous-critique prompt amplifiant la source de neutrons retardés.Dans un second temps, un modèle neutronique basé sur une version temporelle des matrices de fission (Transient Fission Matrix ou TFM) a été développé afin de réaliser des études de transitoires. Le modèle TFM permet, en un premier calcul des matrices avec un code stochastique (MCNP, SERPENT), de réaliser une caractérisation de l'ensemble de la réponse neutronique spatiale et temporelle du réacteur avec une précision proche de celle du calcul Monte Carlo. Dans un second temps cette information est utilisée pour les calculs de transitoires tout en gardant un temps de calcul réduit. Le modèle TFM, utilisable pour différents types de systèmes, permet également le calcul de paramètres cinétiques effectifs tels que la fraction effective de neutrons retardés ou le temps de génération effectif. Différents cas d'application ont été utilisés afin de vérifier et d'illustrer cette approche sur des calculs temporels ou de paramètres cinétiques.Enfin le modèle TFM a été implémenté dans le code de thermohydraulique OpenFOAM. Ce couplage a été testé sur un benchmark numérique à géométrie simplifiée, puis des calculs sur le MSFR ont été réalisés, pour des transitoires normaux (suivis de charge) ou accidentels (insertions de réactivité, sur-refroidissements). / In this PhD thesis, we describe the development of innovative neutronic models for their coupling with thermalhydraulics such that they combine precision and reasonable computational times. One of the main cases where this method is applied is the Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) whose combines a fast neutron spectrum with a thorium cycle. In this fourth generation reactor, the motion of the delayed neutron precursors and the associated phenomena have to be taken into account due to the liquid fuel circulation. The starting point for these developments was the preliminary design of this type of system where a dedicated multi-physical representation was needed to study the reactor performance in steady and transient conditions.As a first step, a stationary coupling was developed. A neutronic model based on a stochastic approach was associated to a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code to solve the Navier Stokes equations for turbulent flows and the transport of the delayed neutron precursors. The impact of this precursor motion is taken into account by reconstructing the prompt shower that they generate. This approach, called by shower, views the critical reactor as a prompt subcritical reactor that amplifies a source of delayed neutrons.A second step consisted in developing a neutronic model based on a time dependent version of the fission matrices (Transient Fission Matrix or TFM) so as to enable reactor transient studies. With the TFM model, an initial computation of the matrices with a stochastic code (MCNP, SERPENT) allows the characterization of the global spatial and time dependent neutronic response of the reactor with a precision close to that of a Monte Carlo calculation. The information thus obtained is then used to calculate transients, while retaining the advantage of reduced computational time. The TFM model, which can be used for various system concepts, also allows the evaluation of effective kinetic parameters such as the effective fraction of delayed neutrons or the effective generation time. The method was applied to various cases in order to verify it and demonstrate the approach for time dependent or kinetic parameter calculations.Finally, the TFM model was integrated in the OpenFOAM thermalhydraulic code. The coupling was first tested on a simple geometry numerical benchmark. Subsequently, it was applied to the MSFR to calculate normal (load-following) and accidental (reactivity insertion, over-cooling) transients.

L'un des enjeux actuel de la neutronique concerne la propagation rigoureuse des incertitudes d'entrée (e.g. données nucléaires, tolérances de fabrications, etc.) aux résultats finaux calculés par les codes (e.g. keff, taux de réaction, etc.). Pour propager les incertitudes, il est de coutume de faire l'hypothèse de petites variations autour d'une référence et de calculer, dans un premier temps, des profils de sensibilités. Or, les codes Monte-Carlo, qui se sont imposés comme des références de calcul, ne possèdent pas -- ou n'ont intégré que très récemment -- un moyen direct de calculer des sensibilités et donc de réaliser un calcul précis d'incertitudes. Les approches déterministes, elles, permettent le calcul de ces sensibilités mais introduisent parfois de très fortes hypothèses, notamment sur la géométrie.Le premier objectif de se travail de thèse est d'introduire dans le code Monte Carlo du CEA de transport des neutrons, TRIPOLI-4, des méthodes à même de calculer des profils de sensibilités du keff aux données nucléaires ou à toute autre perturbation. Pour cela, il a d'abord été nécessaire de mettre en place le calcul du flux adjoint d'un milieu critique. Pour la première fois, et grâce aux développements informatiques de ce travail, il a été possible de calculer dans un cas réel, concret, et applicatif, des spectres de flux adjoints en un point quelconque d'un réacteur. Ceci a été réalisé à l'aide de la probabilité itérée de fission (Iterated Fission Probability ou IFP) qui assimile le flux adjoint à l'importance d'un neutron dans un réacteur exactement critique. Ce calcul de flux adjoint a, par la suite, ouvert la porte au premier développement d'une méthode de calcul de « perturbations exacte » en Monte Carlo, théorie qui permet de s'affranchir des hypothèses de petites variations, et qui ouvre la porte à certaines applications jusqu'alors difficiles à analyser.Au delà de l'analyse poussée de la méthode IFP et de son application au calcul de flux adjoint, cette thèse propose également, d'obtenir dans le code TRIPOLI-4, les paramètres cinétiques d'un réacteur pondérés par le flux adjoint ou bien des aires de migration. A cette fin, l'implémentation reprend et améliore un algorithme déjà développé par la communauté scientifique pour estimer des perturbations au premier ordre. / A key issue in nowadays Reactor Physics is to propagate input data uncertainties (e.g. nuclear data, manufacturing tolerances, etc.) to nuclear codes final results (e.g. keff, reaction rate, etc.). In order to propagate uncertainties, one typically assumes small variations around a reference and evaluates at first sensitivity profiles. Problem is that nuclear Monte Carlo codes are not -- or were not until very recently -- able to straightforwardly process such sensitivity profiles, even thought they are considered as reference codes.First goal of this PhD thesis is to implement a method to calculate keff-sensitivity profiles to nuclear data or any perturbations in TRIPOLI-4, the CEA Monte Carlo neutrons transport code. To achieve such a goal, a method has first been developed to calculate the adjoint flux using the Iterated Fission Probability (IFP) principle that states that the adjoint flux at a given phase space point is proportional to the neutron importance in a just critical core after several power iterations. Thanks to our developments, it has been made possible, for the fist time, to calculate the continuous adjoint flux for an actual and complete reactor core configuration. From that new feature, we have elaborated a new method able to forwardly apply the exact perturbation theory in Monte Carlo codes. Exact perturbation theory does not rely on small variations which makes possible to calculate very complex experiments.Finally and after a deep analysis of the IFP method, this PhD thesis also reproduces and improves an already used method to calculate adjoint weighted kinetic parameters as well as reference migrations areas.

Detta projekt behandlar metodutveckling för att modellera en trevägskatalysator som skulle kunna användas vidare för att uppskatta utsläppen från en Ottomotor. Modellen är byggd i AVL Cruise M för att bestämma omvandlingarna för de tre lagstiftade föroreningarna kolmonoxid, kväveoxider (NOx) och metan baserat på reaktioner som sker i trevägskatalysatorer. Projektet tar också upp olika experimentella metoder och specifika kalibreringsmetoder som används för att samla in data och bygga modellen. Projektet diskuterar två olika kalibreringsprocesser baserade på insamlade experimentella data och antalet reaktioner kalibrerade i varje steg. Dessutom diskuteras programvaran som används och ändringarna som gjorts i den fördefinierade modellen av programvaran. Resultatet efter kalibreringen visade att den andra kalibreringsprocessen gav bättre resultat, men vissa avvikelser observerades i den byggda modellen. Avvikelserna antas bero på följande tre anledningar. För det första, försummar ytreaktionsmodellen föroreningarnas diffusionshastigheter. Dessutom kan komplexiteten hos objektfunktionen som matas in i optimeraren samt de stationära data som används för kalibreringsändamål också ge avvikelser. Dessa tre argument testas i projektet och slutsatserna som dras för att kunna förbättra modellen är följande.  Objektfunktionen behöver förenklas så mycket som möjligt, diffusion av föroreningar genom washcoaten kan inkluderas i olika komplicerade steg och syrelagringsreaktioner blir viktiga när man tar hänsyn till transienta förhållanden. / This project discusses about development of a method to model the three-way catalyst which could be used further to estimate the emissions from an Otto engine. The model is built in the commercial software called AVL Cruise M to determine the conversions of three legislative pollutants namely, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and methane based on reactions occurring within the three-way catalyst. The project also discusses about different experimental and calibration methods used for collecting the data and building the model. The project discusses two different calibration process based on the experimental data used and number of reactions calibrated on each step. Furthermore, the software used, and the modifications made in the predefined model of the software are also discussed. The result after the calibration showed that the second calibration process gave better results, but some deviations were observed in the model built. The deviations are assumed to be because of three arguments present. Firstly, considering the surface reaction model which neglects the diffusion rates of the species. Secondly, the complexity of the objective function fed into the optimiser. The optimiser is also a software by AVL named design explorer which helps to optimise the parameters. And thirdly, the use of steady state data only and not including transient conditions for the calibration purposes. These arguments are tested in the project, and it is concluded to improve the model, the objective function needs to be simplified as much as possible, diffusion of species through washcoat could be considered at advance stages and oxygen storage reactions become important when transient conditions are taken into consideration.

Le procédé de captage du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) par combustion fonctionnant en boucle chimique (Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC)) permet de produire de l’énergie à partir du méthane tout en captant le CO2 produit par la combustion. Ce procédé met en oeuvre un matériau porteur d’oxygène (NiO/NiAl2O4) qui est utilisé pour fournir de l’oxygène lors de la combustion du méthane et qui est ensuite régénéré sous air. Le matériau utilisé se dégrade au cours du temps ce qui accroît les coûts du procédé et diminue ses performances. L’étude présentée ici a pour objectif de déterminer quel est l’impact des phénomènes thermiques et chimiques sur la dégradation du matériau porteur d’oxygène. Les mécanismes réactionnels représentant la réduction et l’oxydation du porteur d’oxygène ont été déterminés et validés grâce à des études expérimentales et à la modélisation d’un réacteur parfaitement auto-agité (RPAA) et d’un réacteur à écoulement piston. L’importance du contrôle du dépôt de carbone dans le procédé a été démontrée. Ensuite, les paramètres cinétiques des réactions représentant la réduction de l’oxyde de nickel ont pu être déterminés grâce à un modèle original du RPAA, puis validés dans le réacteur piston. L’intérêt du RPAA pour la détermination de paramètres cinétiques dans le cas du procédé CLC a été présenté. Les paramètres obtenus permettent de prédire de manière correcte toutes les réactions même si un travail complémentaire est nécessaire pour obtenir une meilleure précision des résultats. Finalement, un mécanisme de dégradation du matériau porteur d’oxygène déduit des résultats expérimentaux a été proposé. Ce mécanisme décrit la production importante de fines particules se dissociant des grains et leur rôle dans les phénomènes d’agglomération observés. Le matériau support, supposé inerte, jouerait un rôle dans l’apport d’oxygène. La méthodologie développée dans ce travail pourrait être adaptée à l’analyse et la caractérisation d’autres matériaux porteurs d’oxygène / The Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) process produces energy by combustion of methane while capturing the carbon dioxide (CO2). An oxygen carrier (NiO/NiAl2O4) is used to deliver oxygen during the combustion of methane. It is then regenerated by air. The oxygen carrier material degrades over time, which increases the costs of the process and reduces its performance. The present study aims at determining the impacts of thermal and chemical phenomena on the oxygen carrier degradations. The reaction mechanisms corresponding to the reduction and oxidation of the oxygen carrier are determined and validated through experimental studies and the modeling of a continuously auto-stirred tank reactor (CASTR) and a plug flow reactor. The importance of controlling the quantity of deposited carbon in the process is illustrated. Then, the kinetic parameters of the reactions representing the reduction of nickel oxide are determined with an original model of the CASTR and validated in the plug flow reactor. The interest of using the CASTR for the determination of kinetic constants of the reactions involved in CLC process is presented. The obtained parameters give a good description of all reactions even if additional work is required to obtain a better precision of the results. Finally, a degradation mechanism of the oxygen carrier has been proposed. This mechanism describes the large production of fine particles separated from the grains and their role in the observed agglomeration phenomena. The support material, supposed to be inert, provides some of its oxygen. The methodology developed in this work could be adapted for the analysis and the characterization of other oxygen-carriers

[pt] Nesse trabalho foi realizado um estudo cinético do revenido de reações do aço de baixa liga (AISI 1050) usando a dilatometria não isotérmica. Os parâmetros cinéticos do primeiro e terceiro estado do revenido (aqui foram nomeados como processos I e II ) foram calculados assumindo que as reações obedecem ao modelo cinético de Johnson--Mehl--Avrami--Kolmogorov (JMAK) . Os formalismos mediante os quais os parâmetros cinéticos (E, n, Ko) são calculados é apresentado. Foram usados cinco formalismos para realizar o estudo . Três destes formalismos estão embasados em diferentes aproximações da integral da temperatura, um na regra de adição e um destes não usa nenhuma aproximação para o calculo. Os intervalos de confiança dos parâmetros também foram calculados. O resultado mostra que os valores calculados coincidem independentemente do método usado. Além disso, não dependem da temperatura ou da fração transformada. Conclui-se que neste caso ocorreu um processo com saturação de sítios. / [en] In this paper we present a kinetic study of the reactions of tempering in low-alloy steel (AISI 1050), using the non-isothermal dilatometry. The kinetic parameters of the first and third state of the tempering (here were named as processes I and II) were calculated assuming that the reactions follow the kinetic model of Johnson - Mehl - Avrami - Kolmogorov (JMAK). The calculation of the parameters was not done by setting any model. The formality by which the kinetic parameters (E, n, Ko) are calculated was presented. Five formalisms have been used mainly for the study. Three of them are based on different approximations of the integral of temperature. Another method were based on addition rule .Finally the last method does not use any other approach to the calculation. The result shows that the calculated values are very similar and these values are independent of the method used. Also, do not depend on temperature or transformed fraction .In this study it was concluded that this case happened a process with saturation of sites. During the study the confidence intervals of the parameters were calculated.