This research conducts a feminist poststructuralist examination of the vocabularies of heterosex: it investigates those terms, modes of talking, and meanings relating to sex which are associated with discourses such as scientific and popular sexology, medicine and psychiatry, public health, philosophy, and some feminist critique. The analysis of these various representations of heterosex involves the deconstruction of binaries such as presence/absence, mind/body, inside/outside and masculine/feminine, that are endemic to Western notions of sex. It is argued that such dualisms (re)produce and perpetuate differential power relations between men and women, and jeopardize the negotiation of mutually pleasurable and safer heterosex. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which sexological discourse deploys such dualisms as normal/abnormal, natural/unnatural, and healthy/unhealthy sex, and produces specifically gendered 'experiences' of sexual corporeality. The thesis examines a variety of written texts and excerpts from film and television; it also analyzes transcript material from individual and group interviews conducted by the researcher with heterosexual women and men, as well as sexual health and mental health professionals, in order to identify cultural pressures influencing participation in risky heterosexual behaviours, and also to identify alternative and safer pleasurable practices. Some of these alternative practices are suggested to rely on a radical reformulation of sexual relations which derives from the disruption of particular dualistic ways of understanding and enacting sex. The overall objective of the thesis is to deconstruct cultural imperatives of heterosex and promote the generation and acceptance of other modes of erotic pleasure. It is hoped that this research will be of use in the future planning and implementation of sex education and safer sex campaigns in Aotearoa/New Zealand which aim to be non-phallocentric and non-heterosexist, and which might recognize a feminist poststructuralist politics of sexual difference. / Note: Thesis now published. Potts, Annie (2002). The Science/Fiction of sex: feminist deconstruction and the vocabularies of heterosex. London & New York: Routledge. ISBN 04152567312. Whole document restricted, see Access Instructions file below for details of how to access the print copy.

Thesis (MPhil (General Linguistics))—University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / This study investigates the conceptualisation and execution of macro-textual features of academic writing of students in an EAP course. An assumption is that students have difficulties in producing academic writing. The study investigates participant’s conceptualisation of academic writing and compares it to what they do in constructing their own academic texts. It finds that there is a difference between what they say and what they do. Their focus is generally on micro-textual level, i.e. on the level of words, phrases and sentences, which masks difficulties on macro-textual level, i.e. on the discursive level of linguistic units larger than the sentence. Furthermore, the hypothesis that differences between English L2 students and English academic norms are culturally determined, is found to be much less valid than is mostly suggested in the literature that deals with rhetorical structure of English L2 writing.

Student motivation in FET colleges in South Africa is generally considered to be underresearched. Seyfried (1998, p. 54) contends that "motivations of participants still receive too little attention in the planning of vocational programmes". In an attempt to explore how motivational variables interact with English language leaming, this mixed-method study focused on FET marketing students studying English as part of their three-year vocational qualification. In the first phase, three focus group discussions were conducted with students from the three levels in the programme - a total of 16 students. These interviews were transcribed and coded according to a theoretical model that was adapted from Domyei's Extended Framework of Motivation (1998). In the second phase, 195 questionnaires were distributed, of which 142 were used in the final analysis. The results of these were indexed according to the theoretical model. Initial data processing enabled the creation of two analytical models for use in data analysis - one to analyse focus group data and the other to analyse questionnaire data. The study found a link between instrumentality, integrativeness, identity and perceived motivational orientations. It was also clear that orientation did not automatically translate into motivation. Another link was found between self-worth, self-efficacy and goal orientation. Perceived L2 competence, self-concept and identity also interacted strongly: participants who saw themselves as most alienated from their culture, also saw themselves as more competent in the L2, than their peers who identified more closely with their own culture. A predictable link was found between linguistic self-confidence, willingness to communicate [WTC] and language use anxiety. What made this finding interesting was that participants seemed to fear being judged by native English speakers to a greater extent than being judged by their peers. Finally some factors emerged as detracting from motivation, while others played a contributing role. While this is to be expected, it was interesting to note which factors fell into which category.

This study is a qualitative research of Japanese "chuzai" families (short-term residents) concerning parental perspectives toward children's education in Southern Illinois. The primary data was collected by questionnaires, individual and group interviews, and school observations. The main participants of this study were five mothers of the "chuzai" group in Southern Illinois, in which questionnaires, individual and group interviews were conducted. Furthermore, in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the children's education, school visits were made to the Japanese Saturday School and the ELL (English Language Learner) program of the local school which the children attended, including classroom observations. Additionally, interviews with the principal of the Japanese school and the ELL teacher were conducted, and questionnaires were also distributed to all the parents whose children attended the Japanese Saturday School. The notion of imagined communities (Anderson, 1991; Norton, 2001) was employed as the theoretical framework in order to examine "chuzai" people's current lives in Southern Illinois and their attitudes toward their children's education. The study reveals that "chuzai" families are different in various ways from both "eiju" (permanent residents) and Japanese communities in larger cities. Even though the Japanese community in Southern Illinois is small and features limited access to Japanese products, they maintain their Japanese lifestyle and strong connection with Japanese people in their community remarkably well. Interestingly, they show positive attitudes toward living in Southern Illinois, but they also have concerns due to their transiency as "chuzai." In relation to perspectives on children's education, this study suggests that parents have positive perspectives toward maintaining their Japanese culture, as well as learning the English language and experiencing American culture. Their heritage as Japanese strongly affects their daily practices even on a subconscious level; furthermore, their status of "chuzai" emphasizes the importance of keeping up their children's academic skills with the Japanese standard. At the same time, they also consider this short-term stay in the U.S. as an advantage in terms of providing new experiences and an opportunity for their children to learn English. The findings indicate that parents' imagined communities for their children's future have a great impact on their current investment (Norton Peirce, 2000). "Chuzai" families envision their future lives in Japan because they plan to return eventually, thus affecting their hopes for their children to be successful while readapting to schools in their home country. In this regard, Japanese Saturday school plays a crucial role as support for preparing children for their return to Japan regarding academic and social skills. In addition to the importance of becoming successful in Japan, parents also believe that the experience in the U.S. and English skills broaden their children's future in a global economy. The ELL program at the local school helps children in terms of learning English in order for them to be able to manage school life in the U.S. This study suggests that parental perspectives influence their children's education, and it is important for educators to understand the students' backgrounds and needs in order to provide appropriate education.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-16Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:58:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000794754.pdf: 655950 bytes, checksum: 2b8e27f72dd6f9fcc2755b458b56ae78 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Semiótica da Cultura é um campo de estudo cujas investigações estão para análise da linguagem, mais precisamente das linguagens da cultura. A Semiótica da Cultura trata dos sistemas de signos da cultura e reconhece que a cultura é elemento gerador de diversos textos, o que nos leva a entender que o contexto se apresenta como determinante para compreender o desenvolvimento dos signos da cultura, assim como para os processos de organização e representação do conhecimento. A concepção de linguagem e cultura são elementos que impulsionam as discussões na Semiótica da Cultura. Foi com base nesta premissa que buscamos a reflexão em torno da diversidade cultural e da diversidade linguística existente em diversos contextos da cultura. A questão que norteou a análise deste trabalho foi saber quais as relações teóricas e conceituais entre a Semiótica da Cultura e as abordagens socioculturais da Organização do Conhecimento. Para tanto, objetivamos traçar uma análise sobre relações teórico-conceituais entre a Semiótica da Cultura e a Organização do Conhecimento, mais precisamente às abordagens socioculturais com destaque aos autores: Begthol, García Gutiérrez e Hudon. Os procedimentos metodológicos tomaram como base uma abordagem qualitativa e de caráter exploratória. O corpus da pesquisa reúne materiais do campo da Organização do Conhecimento e da Semiótica da Cultura. O método de análise utilizado foi a Análise de Conteúdo que contribuiu na análise dos conceitos dos dois campos de estudo, tendo em vista o alcance dos objetivos. Desse modo, realizaram-se as análises sobre os conceitos que caracterizam as abordagens socioculturais e as concepções da Semiótica da Cultura. Com a análise feita sobre os textos apresentamos o diálogo entre a Semiótica da Cultura e as abordagens socioculturais. Assim, consideramos que os objetivos desta pesquisa foram alcançados. Portanto, entendemos que a Semiótica... / The Semiotics of Culture is a field of study whose investigations are to analysis of language, specifically the language of culture. The Semiotics of Culture deals with sign systems of culture and recognizes that culture is generating element of several texts, which leads us to understand that the context is presented as decisive for understanding the development of signs of culture, as well as the organization processes and representation of knowledge. The conception of language and culture are elements that boost the discussions in the Semiotics of Culture. It was on this premise that we seek the reflection on the cultural diversity and linguistic diversity that exists in many contexts of the culture. The question that guided the analysis of this study was to know what the theoretical and conceptual relationships between the Semiotics of Culture and socio cultural approaches to Knowledge Organization. Thereunto, we aim to draw an analysis of theoretical and conceptual relationships between the Semiotics of Culture and Knowledge Organization, more precisely to socio cultural approaches highlighting the authors: Begthol, García Gutiérrez and Hudon. The methodological procedures were based on a qualitative and exploratory character approach. The research corpus gathers materials from the field of Knowledge Organization and the Semiotics of Culture. The analysis method used was a Content Analysis that contributed to the analysis of the concepts of the two fields of study in order to reach the objectives. Thereby, the analyses were performed on the concepts that feature the socio cultural approaches and conceptions of Semiotics of Culture. With the analysis of the texts we present the dialogue between the Semiotics of Culture and socio cultural approaches. Thus, we consider that the objectives of this research were achieved. So, we believe that the Semiotics of Culture can contribute to the Knowledge Organization based on an analysis...

Orientador: Carlos Cândido de Almeida / Co-orientador: José Augusto Chaves Guimarães / Banca: Lígia Maria Arruda Café / Banca: Walter Moreira / Resumo: A Semiótica da Cultura é um campo de estudo cujas investigações estão para análise da linguagem, mais precisamente das linguagens da cultura. A Semiótica da Cultura trata dos sistemas de signos da cultura e reconhece que a cultura é elemento gerador de diversos textos, o que nos leva a entender que o contexto se apresenta como determinante para compreender o desenvolvimento dos signos da cultura, assim como para os processos de organização e representação do conhecimento. A concepção de linguagem e cultura são elementos que impulsionam as discussões na Semiótica da Cultura. Foi com base nesta premissa que buscamos a reflexão em torno da diversidade cultural e da diversidade linguística existente em diversos contextos da cultura. A questão que norteou a análise deste trabalho foi saber quais as relações teóricas e conceituais entre a Semiótica da Cultura e as abordagens socioculturais da Organização do Conhecimento. Para tanto, objetivamos traçar uma análise sobre relações teórico-conceituais entre a Semiótica da Cultura e a Organização do Conhecimento, mais precisamente às abordagens socioculturais com destaque aos autores: Begthol, García Gutiérrez e Hudon. Os procedimentos metodológicos tomaram como base uma abordagem qualitativa e de caráter exploratória. O corpus da pesquisa reúne materiais do campo da Organização do Conhecimento e da Semiótica da Cultura. O método de análise utilizado foi a Análise de Conteúdo que contribuiu na análise dos conceitos dos dois campos de estudo, tendo em vista o alcance dos objetivos. Desse modo, realizaram-se as análises sobre os conceitos que caracterizam as abordagens socioculturais e as concepções da Semiótica da Cultura. Com a análise feita sobre os textos apresentamos o diálogo entre a Semiótica da Cultura e as abordagens socioculturais. Assim, consideramos que os objetivos desta pesquisa foram alcançados. Portanto, entendemos que a Semiótica... / Abstract: The Semiotics of Culture is a field of study whose investigations are to analysis of language, specifically the language of culture. The Semiotics of Culture deals with sign systems of culture and recognizes that culture is generating element of several texts, which leads us to understand that the context is presented as decisive for understanding the development of signs of culture, as well as the organization processes and representation of knowledge. The conception of language and culture are elements that boost the discussions in the Semiotics of Culture. It was on this premise that we seek the reflection on the cultural diversity and linguistic diversity that exists in many contexts of the culture. The question that guided the analysis of this study was to know what the theoretical and conceptual relationships between the Semiotics of Culture and socio cultural approaches to Knowledge Organization. Thereunto, we aim to draw an analysis of theoretical and conceptual relationships between the Semiotics of Culture and Knowledge Organization, more precisely to socio cultural approaches highlighting the authors: Begthol, García Gutiérrez and Hudon. The methodological procedures were based on a qualitative and exploratory character approach. The research corpus gathers materials from the field of Knowledge Organization and the Semiotics of Culture. The analysis method used was a Content Analysis that contributed to the analysis of the concepts of the two fields of study in order to reach the objectives. Thereby, the analyses were performed on the concepts that feature the socio cultural approaches and conceptions of Semiotics of Culture. With the analysis of the texts we present the dialogue between the Semiotics of Culture and socio cultural approaches. Thus, we consider that the objectives of this research were achieved. So, we believe that the Semiotics of Culture can contribute to the Knowledge Organization based on an analysis... / Mestre

nÃo hà / A presente pesquisa tem como principal objetivo analisar os sentidos atribuÃdos por crianÃas da prÃ-escola à Roda de Conversa em um Centro de EducaÃÃo Infantil da rede pÃblica de Fortaleza. Assim, procurou caracterizar o fenÃmeno investigado numa turma de Infantil IV; descrever as impressÃes das crianÃas acerca do papel da professora; investigar o papel que as crianÃas atribuem a si mesmas na Roda de Conversa; conhecer, atravÃs de suas famÃlias, os contextos de vida das crianÃas. O estudo tem como respaldo teÃrico a abordagem sociointeracionista de Vygotsky (1998, 2005, 2009) e Wallon (2007, 2008) sobre a importÃncia da construÃÃo do pensamento e da linguagem no desenvolvimento da crianÃa, assim como a concepÃÃo dialÃgica e democrÃtica de educaÃÃo de Freire (1967, 1987, 1996) e, ainda, os estudos sobre as culturas da infÃncia representados por Corsaro (2011), Sarmento (2004, 2005, 2007) e Barbosa (2014), que contribuem para a compreensÃo da(s) infÃncia(s) como categoria social e das crianÃas como produtoras de cultura. A abordagem metodolÃgica à de natureza qualitativa e tem inspiraÃÃo nos estudos de tipo etnogrÃficos adaptados à educaÃÃo. Participaram desse estudo crianÃas do agrupamento Infantil IV, com idade de quatro e cinco anos, principais sujeitos da pesquisa. Como instrumentos para a construÃÃo de dados foram utilizados: observaÃÃo participante, entrevista individual com desenhos e entrevista coletiva com histÃrias a serem completadas pelas crianÃas, observaÃÃo de uma situaÃÃo de faz de conta na qual as crianÃas brincaram de Roda de Conversa e entrevistas semiestruturadas com colaboradores da pesquisa: a professora e as famÃlias das crianÃas. Os registros foram realizados atravÃs de diÃrio de campo, fotografia, gravador de Ãudio e filmagens. A anÃlise dos dados revelou que a Roda de Conversa realizada no contexto investigado à compreendida como um momento para combinados de atividades didÃticas, projetos, roda de mÃsica. Na sua realizaÃÃo, a professora apresenta temas geradores de conversas, pelos quais, nem sempre, as crianÃas se interessam. As crianÃas, como sujeitos dialÃgicos e competentes, resistem a essa normalizaÃÃo e trazem para a Roda de Conversa suas questÃes e assuntos de interesse, rompendo com a lÃgica escolarizante. / This research has as its main goal to analyze the meanings attributed by preschool children to circle time in a public center for Early Childhood Education in Fortaleza. Thus, this paper sought to characterize the phenomenon investigated in a preschool class; to describe the childrenâs impressions of the teacherâs role; to investigate the role that the children play in the circle time; know through their families the contexts of childrenâs lives. This study has a theoretical support the social-interactionist approach of Vygotsky (1998, 2005, 2009) and Wallon (2007, 2008) on the importance of the construction of thought and language in child development, as well as Freireâs (1967, 1987, 1996) dialogical and democratic conception of education and also the studies on childhoodâs cultures represented by Corsaro (2011), Sarmento (2004, 2005, 2007) and Barbosa (2014), who contribute to the understanding of childhoods as a social category and of children as producers of culture. The methodological approach is qualitative and is inspired by ethnographic studies adapted to education. Children from preschool, four and five years old students are the main subjects and participated in the study. As instruments for the construction of data were used: participant observation, individual interview with drawings and collective interview with stories to be completed by the children, observation of a make-believe situation in which the children represented a circle time and semi-structured interviews with the research collaborators: the teacher and the childrenâs families. Records were made through field diary, photography, audio recorder and filming. Data analysis revealed that the circle time performed in the investigated context is understood as a time for combined didactic activities, projects and music. In its realization the teacher presents themes to be presented, generators of conversations for which, not always, children are interested. The children as competent dialogical subjects resist this normalization and bring their questions and subjects of interest to the circle time, breaking with the schooling logic.

M.A. / Die studie poog om oplossings vir bostaande probleme te vind en 'n model of modelle daar te stel wat in soortgelyke situasies as riglyn vir die vertaler kan dien. 'n Aantal bestaande vertaalteoretiese standpunte wat veral op die oordrag en aanpassing van kulturele konteks betrekking het, word ondersoek en die opvoedkundige doelwitte wat gewoonlik by die vertaling van kinderboeke ter sprake is, word van naderby beskou. Deur middel van verskeie praktiese voorbeelde wat geidentifiseer word in 'n vergelykende studie van die bestaande Duitse, Engelse, Afrikaanse en Nederlandse vertalings van Nils Holgersson, word veranderings aan en aanpassing van die bronteks, wat op een of meer van hierdie opvoedkundige doelwitte afgestem is, ontleed. In hierdie verband word besondere aandag aan kultuurspesifieke elemente in die bronteks geskenk. Aanpassings van die bronteks om die vertaling makliker verstaanbaar en meer interessant vir die doelteksleser te maak, word onder die loep geneem. 'n Geannoteerde, nuwe vertaling van 'n volledige hoofstuk uit Nils Holgersson, asook 'n nuwe vertaling van geselekteerde paragrawe uit nog 'n hoofstuk, word aangebied om tegnieke vir kulturele aanpassing te illustreer. Ten slotte word die belangrikste eienskappe geidentifiseer waaroor 'n vertaler van 'n boek soos Nils Holgersson moet beskik om 'n werkbare en sinvolle vertaling teweeg te bring wat aan die vereistes van beide formele ekwivalensie en dinamiese funksionalisme sal voldoen. 'n Blik word gewerp op die gewildheid van Lagerkif se vertaalde werke, aan die hand waarvan standpunt ingeneem word oor die waarde van letterkundige vertaling en die ryke internasionale kulturele erfenis wat deur vertaalde werke nagelaat word.

M.Ed. / South Africa has gone through extensive constitutional changes and the institution of a bill of rights for the protection of basic human rights is a certainty. A bill of rights is an essentially constitutional document, formulating and protecting the basic rights and freedoms of the individual concerning the state. It is, therefore, necessary to familiarize pupils with the nature and content of their basic human rights, since we live in a country with a bill of rights.

Gauteng is one of South Africa’s nine provinces, and is representative of a diversity of languages and cultures. It is a linguistic and cultural melting pot with all eleven official languages spoken in the province. Because of the language contact situation in this province, languages tend to influence one another and this results in situations wherein a majority of speakers are bi- or multilingual. Instances of code-switching, code-mixing, and lexical borrowing (or adoption) are also abounding. In Gauteng, young and old black people tend to use black urban speech varieties. Nonstandard black urban speech varieties such as Tsotsitaal and Is’camtho have been studied extensively in South Africa. The study of black urban language varieties in Gauteng, particularly in English, has not received much attention from sociolinguists and has only been discussed in passing by scholars (see Calteaux, 1994). Studies on Tsotsitaal and Is’camtho have attempted to discuss the structure of and reasons for the employment of these varieties. In conducting the research on black youth slang in English, this study is an attempt at contributing to available research on slang in South Africa. Studies on slang have focused on other language groups and regions. However, no attempts have been made at describing the slang of black youth in Gauteng Province, particularly those who are not L1 speakers of English. The present study aims at contributing to the study of non-standard black urban speech varieties such as Tsotsitaal and Is’camtho. The current study tries to provide a sociolinguistic description of the slang used by black youth in Gauteng, who use English as a second language (L2) or additional language (AL). The research begins with definitions and explanations of concepts relevant to the investigation. The study defines such terms as ‘slang’, ‘black’, ‘youth’ and ‘youth culture’ amongst others. The theoretical approach used in this study is also discussed in this section. Black youth slang in English (hereafter referred to as BYSE) in Gauteng (GP) is discussed in relation to other non-standard black urban language varieties such as Tsotsitaal and Is’camtho. This serves to explain how BYSE differs from the two varieties. The functions of slang as outlined by previous researchers on the subject are also discussed, with the intention of using these as a benchmark to the present study. This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods of research. These included a combination of written questionnaires, interviews (group discussions), and personal observations. The two methodologies were necessary in an attempt to arrive at a better comprehension of the slang used by the group under investigation. The data gathered served to investigate the reasons for using slang and the functions the words they employ serve, by looking at the slang as used in particular contexts as well as at the lexical items they employ. The study also looks at how their use of slang tends to draw on the lexicon from other languages spoken in the Province. The data gathered from the written questionnaires was then sent to Statkon, at the University of Johannesburg, for analysis. The researcher further used interviews (group discussions) and personal observations to augment the results from the questionnaires. The researcher adopts the notion of slang as a register according to use and discusses the findings according to Halliday’s theoretical stance of language as social practice (1978). Emphasis is on dimensions such as field, mode and tenor of discourse as relevant to this study in an attempt to explain the contexts of situation in which the youth under investigation use slang. The research also considers other social aspects of language variation as relevant to this study. The study concludes with recommendations on the need for further research on the language of youth. Amongst others is the recommendation it makes about the study of youth language (particularly slang) and its educational implications in the language classroom. / Dr. Anne-Marie Beukes