The aim of the master’s thesis is analysis of practical application limits of waste-gate TwinScroll turbocharger located in BMW X6 M vehicle by using DFSS (Design For Six Sigma) tools. The goal is to create a special measurement device for a measurement of waste gate leakage with chance of testing all sorts of characteristics having impact on key parameters of turbocharger.

The world has become more competitive, complex and unpredictable, and this process is continuing. Evolution is taking place resulting in organisations being pushed by strategies and pulled by increasingly assertive customers who demand more accountability and responsiveness (Kartte, 2010). In order to remain competitive in this changing world, many organisations, even financial institutions have adopted Lean principles in order to eliminate waste, reduce cost and streamline everyday processes (Spear, 2012). There have however been a number of challenges that have prevented financial institutions from implementing Lean principles successfully. The primary objective of this study is to improve the effectiveness of Lean principles within a specific financial institution. More specifically, this study will identify the effectiveness of successfully implementing Lean principles at a financial institution by investigating the influence of employee knowledge, understanding and skills, communication, motivation and ownership from management, organisational culture and the impact of trade unions in organisations as mentioned in the problem statement above. Convenience sampling was used to select a sample of sixty eight (68) employees within the specific financial institution. The sample was stratified to include senior managers, managers, team leaders and lower level employees. Questionnaires were distributed personally to the focus groups from the above categories.

Les travaux de cette thèse sont articulés autour du problème d’ordonnancement de tâches dans un type d’atelier de structure complexe peu étudié dans la littérature. Cet atelier est de composition hybride : chaque étage de l’atelier a une ou plusieurs machines. Les principales contraintes considérées sont le traitement par lots et la minimisation du retard total. Les méthodes de résolution de ce problème sont intégrées dans les systèmes d’aide à la décision du programme de recherche du Groupe SouffletEtant donné la structure complexe du type d’atelier considéré, nous avons décomposé ce dernier afin d’étudier plus particulièrement le problème d’ordonnancement sur machines parallèles identiques. Différentes méthodes de résolution sont testées. Les résultats sont analysés afin de proposer une classification d’instances et de méthodes de résolution. Les problèmes étudiés sont résolus de manière exacte et approchée. Différentes méthodes ont été testées : des recherches itératives, des algorithmes tabous, des méthodes évolutionnaires. Les conclusions de la résolution du problème d’ordonnancement des machines parallèles sont utilisées pour construire des méthodes à deux niveaux pour le problème complexe d’ordonnancement. Les résultats montrent que les algorithmes trouvent des solutions de bonne qualité pour le problème traité. De la même manière, de problématiques industrielles similaires sont traitées, dans l’objectif d’optimiser le fonctionnement du centre de recherche / This thesis considers a complex workshop scheduling problem, which is rarely studied to our knowledge. This workshop has a hybrid composition : one or several machines are available at each stage. Main considered constraints are batch processing and total tardiness minimization. Solution methods are embedded on the information system of research program of Soufflet Group. Given the complex structure of the workshop, it has been split in order to study the parallel machines scheduling problem individually. Different solution methods are developed. Obtained results are used to build a classification of instances and solution methods. To solve described problems, exact and approach solution methods are proposed. We have adapted iterated search, tabu search, genetic algorithms, … Findings from solving parallel machines scheduling problem are employed to develop a two levels solution method for the described flow shop problem. Results show the performance of developed algorithms to find good quality solutions for described scheduling problem. Similarly, industrial problems are considered, in order to optimize operational behavior of research center

Hoy en día, las organizaciones industriales enfocados en la confección de prendas algodón buscan incrementar su competitividad a través de actividades que generen valor agregado a los productos. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es mejorar el proceso de cortado de tela de las mypes exportadoras de prendas de algodón mediante la identificación y eliminación de desperdicios, definidos como procesos o actividades que no agregan valor, específicamente en el área de corte de una empresa textil. Además, esta mejora se dará bajo la aplicación de la filosofía Lean Manufacturing a través de las herramientas del VSM, SMED y estandarización de trabajo, el cual se respalda mediante un análisis de datos, validación económica y simulación mediante el uso de los datos históricos de la empresa en estudio. Asimismo, a través del estudio realizado se logró reducir los reprocesos por defecto de 13.12% a 4.23%, los procesos con demora se han reducido de 18.49 a 9.61% y el índice de productividad del área de corte se incrementó de 0.38 a 1.16. / Today, industrial organizations focused on making cotton garments seek to increase their competitiveness through activities that generate added value to products. Therefore, the objective of this article is to improve the fabric cutting process of cotton garment exporting mypes by identifying and eliminating waste, defined as processes or activities that do not add value, specifically in the cutting area of ​​a textile business. In addition, this improvement will occur under the application of the Lean Manufacturing philosophy through the VSM, SMED and work standardization tools, which is supported by data analysis, economic validation and simulation through the use of historical data from the company under study. Likewise, through the study carried out, it was possible to reduce the default reprocesses from 13.12% to 4.23%, the processes with delay have been reduced from 18.49 to 9.61% and the productivity index of the cutting area increased from 0.38 to 1.16. / Trabajo de investigación

Actualmente, las empresas de alimentos en el Perú presentan una serie de deficiencias internas que contribuyen a la aparición de problemas críticos, como es el caso de los productos defectuosos. Por ello, la presente investigación propone un modelo de mejora para reducir el índice de defectos en la fabricación de productos alimenticios, mediante la estandarización del trabajo y la aplicación de herramientas del TPM. Asimismo, este modelo es desarrollado bajo un enfoque de Gestión del Cambio, con el fin de eliminar la resistencia de los trabajadores frente al cambio en su cultura laboral. La efectividad del modelo fue validada mediante una simulación con el Software Arena, obteniendo como principal resultado la reducción del porcentaje de defectos de 23.5% a 12.5%, en la empresa del caso de estudio. Esto permite concluir que el desarrollo de la propuesta mejora la calidad de la producción, lo que a su vez representa una oportunidad para obtener mayores ingresos para la empresa. / Currently, food companies in Peru have a series of internal deficiencies that contribute to the appearance of critical problems, such is the case of the defective products. Therefore, this research proposes an improvement model to reduce the rate of defects in the manufacture of food products, through the standardization of work and application of TPM tools. Likewise, this model is developed under a Change Management approach, in order to eliminate the resistance of the workers against the change in their work culture. The effectiveness of the model was validated through a simulation with the Software Arena, obtaining as the main result the reduction of the percentage of defects from 23.5% to 12.5%, in the company of the case study. This allows to conclude that the development of the proposal improve the quality of production, which in turn represents an opportunity to obtain higher income for the company. / Trabajo de investigación

The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the current situation of the company in terms of automation and digitization of its production process and the subsequent de-sign of measures respecting the principles of lean manufacturing, which aim to help the company achieve its goals and gain a competitive advantage in the market. An integral part of this work is also the subsequent discussion of the conditions necessary for suc-cessful implementation, as well as discussion of the resulting risks and benefits of the proposed measures.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to use the principles of lean manufacturing to lean workplace and eliminate all forms of waste in this workplace. A part of this work is opti-mal design of the workplace in terms of ergonomics which should have a positive effect on shortening lead time and process cycle efficiency. Shortening the lead time will allow company to respond more quickly to customer requirements and this effect may subsequently lead to the drop in inventories.

This master's thesis is engaged in optimisation processes of PUQ (as for Purchasing Quality) department, Robert Bosch České Budějovice. This department is responsible for input control of parts for manufacture as well as check of new parts including their documentation and documentation updates. By optimisation we understand selection of the best variant from group of possibilities.

Las micro, pequeña y medianas empresas representan el 99,5% del total de empresas a nivel nacional y son el motor económico generando 8,4 millones de empleos. Sin embargo, presentan una baja tasa de supervivencia de 67,5% y solo el 20% cuenta con un plan de negocio antes de iniciar sus operaciones. Además, se enfrentan a otros problemas como la falta de planificación y perfeccionamiento de los procesos productivos. Así, la falta de estandarización del trabajo en los procesos de producción origina pérdidas para la empresa debido a la generación de mermas, tiempos improductivos, y reprocesos. Por ello, se diseñó un modelo de estandarización del trabajo aplicando herramientas del Lean Manufacturing con el fin de reducir desperdicios e incrementar la productividad. Para su elaboración se tomó como base los modelos planteados por Cesar J. y Sharma S.S. La validación del modelo se realizó en una Mype productora de snacks, de la cual el diagnóstico inicial identificó como principales problemas la generación de mermas y desplazamientos innecesarios a causa de la variación del método de trabajo utilizado por operario y una inadecuada distribución de planta. Después de la aplicación del modelo, se redujeron las mermas del proceso de producción en 59.58%, se redijo en tiempo de parada de mantenimiento en 50.88% y se incrementó la productividad a 74.4% concluyendo que el modelo planteado reduce los desperdicios e incrementa la productividad. / Micro, small and medium-sized companies represent 99.5% of the total number of companies nationwide and are the economic engine, generating 8.4 million jobs. However, they have a low survival rate of 67.5% and only 20% have a business plan before starting their operations. In addition, they face other problems such as the lack of planning and improvement of production processes. Thus, the lack of standardization of work in production processes causes losses for the company due to the generation of waste, unproductive times, and reprocessing. For this reason, a work standardization model was designed applying Lean Manufacturing tools in order to reduce waste and increase productivity. For its elaboration, the models proposed by Cesar J. and Sharma SS were taken as a basis. The validation of the model was carried out in a snack-producing Mype, of which the initial diagnosis identified as main problems the generation of waste and unnecessary displacements due to the variation of the working method used by the operator and an inadequate plant layout. After the application of the model, the losses of the production process were reduced by 59.58%, maintenance downtime was reduced by 50.88% and productivity was increased to 74.4%, concluding that the proposed model reduces waste and increases productivity. / Trabajo de investigación

En este trabajo se recogen las experiencias de las PYME’s del sector textil exportador peruano, a través de entrevistas. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se elaboró un diagnóstico actual del sector textil, identificando los desperdicios más importantes que afectan a los procesos, desde el punto de vista de la filosofía Lean. El área de estudio específico es el proceso de acabados de prenda, el cual tiene como principal problema el elevado lead time respecto al estándar del mercado, explicado por los altos inventarios y elevados tiempos de espera dentro del proceso. Para afrontar esta situación como propuesta, se realiza el diseño de un sistema Pull, mediante tarjetas Kanban, y una celda de manufactura flexible. Los resultados esperados son la reducción del tamaño de lote que ingresa al área de acabados y la disminución de los tiempos de espera en el proceso, lo que se traduciría en una disminución del lead time. Finalmente, para validar el estudio, se procedió a recabar información de 5 profesionales y dos usuarios del medio local. Los profesionales consultados son expertos en Lean manufacturing y la industria textil. Asimismo, los usuarios del medio local tienes años de experiencia como gerentes o dueños de empresas del sector textil exportador peruano. El proceso se realiza mediante una matriz de validación y una de evaluación de impactos, la cual está centrada en la evaluación del modelo general y de las propuestas. / In this paper, we present the experiences of Peruvian SMEs in the textile export sector, collected through interviews. Based on the results obtained, a diagnosis of the textile sector was elaborated identifying the most important waste that affects processes, using the Lean philosophy point of view. The specific area studied was the garment finishing process, which has as its main problem a high lead time compared to the market standard, explained by the high inventories and high waiting times within the process. To face this situation, as a proposal, the design of a Pull system using Kanban cards and a flexible manufacturing cell are carried out. The expected results are the reduction of the lot size that enters the finishing area and the reduction of waiting times in the process, which translates into a decrease in lead time. Finally, to validate the study, approval, and feedback from 5 professionals and two users of the local environment where collected. Professionals consulted are experts in Lean manufacturing and the textile industry. Likewise, users of the local environment have years of experience as managers or owners of companies in the Peruvian textile export sector. The process is carried out through a validation matrix and an impact evaluation matrix which are focused on evaluating the general model and the proposals. / Tesis