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The ability to utilise information and communication technologies (ICTs) has become a new literacy for the twenty first century. This literacy raises a number of challenges for teachers’ vis-à-vis their technical ability, knowledge and expertise in ICTs. These challenges are also identified by the White paper on e-Education as: participation in the information society, impact of ICTs on access, cost effectiveness and quality of education, and integration of ICTs in the teaching and learning process. There is a gap in the ability of learners and teachers to use ICTs effectively, to access online content, to create content of their own, to communicate and collaborate, and to integrate technology into teaching and learning. There is also little evidence of technology integration into classroom activities such as systematic planning and implementation of lessons. This study describes barriers to effective technology integration in senior secondary schools. This was a qualitative case study conducted in technology rich senior secondary schools in the Tshwane North District, Gauteng Province. Data was collected from semi-structured interviews with office-based and school-based officials, focus group interviews with learners, lesson observations and document study. The findings point to lack of ICT specialist teachers to teach students computer skills, lack of teaching experience with ICTs, lack of support from the Department of Education, insufficient technology resources and absence of desired integration of ICTs in the curriculum. The long term aim of the study is to make substantive recommendations on the integration of ICTs in teaching and learning. In conclusion, this study clearly indicates that there are schools around Gauteng Province with computer technologies that are not used for teaching and learning. Based on the research findings and suggestions for further research, a national strategy for designing and implementing computer technology policy should be developed in Tshwane North Region to integrate technology effectively into teaching and learning. This will help teachers to plan and teach with technology and assist learners to become technologically compliant with 21st century demands. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

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I den här uppsatsen har vi undersökt hur tre lärare i årskurs 4-6 definierar begreppet läsförståelse och hur de tolkar och konkretiserar styrdokumenten i sitt arbete. Utifrån en sociokulturell syn på lärande har vi genomfört en fokusgruppsintervju med tre stycken lärare verksamma på en skola i södra Sverige. Resultatet visade att lärarna till en början gav en begränsad definition av begreppet läsförståelse men under samtalets gång breddade de sin definition. Den begränsade definitionen tolkar vi som att lärarna saknar ett utvecklat metaspråk gällande läsning. Vi kunde också konstatera att deras syn på läsförståelse stämde överens med styrdokumenten. Lärarna ansåg att läroplanen är tydlig och gav dem stöd i sin undervisning, trots att det lämnas stort tolkningsutrymme för lärarna. Slutligen konstaterar vi att Sverige kan vara i behov av att utveckla ett metaspråk och själva sätta upp kriterier för vad som ska anses vara god kunskap istället för stora aktörer som PIRLS och PISA.

Presentation. Critical Librarianship & Pedagogy Symposium, February 25-26, 2016, The University of Arizona. / Facilitated Roundtable Discussion Are critical assessment practices possible? Is the role of assessment fundamentally at odds with critical library pedagogy? Assessing both instructor performance and student learning can rationalize academic programs or services, demonstrate student learning, measure teacher performance accountability, or provide feedback on the efficacy of instruction. In today’s neoliberal higher education landscape this is often reflected through “value” and “return on investment.” Given the fraught purposes of assessment in higher education, what would critical assessment look like in practice? This roundtable will ask participants to discuss the tension and propose assessment methods that are congruent with a critical pedagogy perspective.

Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Department of Music at Stellenbosch University (SU) established the Certificate Programme in Music (CP) in 1999. The programme was created to fulfil a multi-faceted role that would equip potential students who display a high level of musicality, but do not fulfil admission requirements to music studies at Higher Education level. Initially, the programme was targeted at previously disadvantaged individuals who had had no opportunity to receive formal music tuition. Thereafter, the balance shifted to include all students with diverse cultural backgrounds but with no or insufficient prior musical tuition. Problems experienced by universities globally include growing numbers of students displaying lower levels of academic literacy and the number of potential music students who have not reached the standard required on their instruments or in music theory. Changes to programme content were made as courses were adapted; an example is the Higher Certificate in Music which will soon be a university-accredited qualification. A preparatory course in Music Technology was created for musicians already involved in the music industry, wanting to upgrade their skills or prepare themselves for admission to the BA with Music (Route: Technology) degree. The objective of this research endeavour was to launch an in-depth investigation into all aspects of the CP. The grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin (1990) formed the foundation to the study. Data consisted of records from the CP, interviews and questionnaires. The research design was based on the conditional matrix of Strauss and Corbin (1990). CP data was compared to national policies governing Higher Education, to SU policies regarding community interaction, and to SU's strategic framework. Categories for investigation included concepts such as motivation, self-regulation, service learning and the development of emotional intelligence in students. Change theories were explored as a theoretical framework for the CP to cope with the ever-changing landscape of high school education. Establishing partnerships which are mutually beneficial to the community and the university is listed as an important component of the community interaction policy at SU, and was found to be a significant component of the CP. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Departement Musiek by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch (US) het die Sertifikaatprogram in Musiek (SP) in 1999 gevestig. Die program is ontwerp om 'n uiteenlopende rol te vervul vir voornemende musiekstudente wie musiektalent toon, maar wie nie aan die nodige toegangsvereistes voldoen om musiekstudie op Hoër Opvoedkundige vlak te neem nie. Aanvanklik was die program gemik op voorheenbenadeelde persone wat nie die geleentheid gehad het om formele opleiding in musiek te ontvang nie. Daarna het die behoefte verskuif deur studente uit verskeie kulturele agtergronde, wie nie vorige musiekopleiding gehad het nie, in te neem. Wêreldwyd ervaar universiteite onder andere probleme met studente wat toenemend laer vlakke van akademiese geletterdheid toon, asook met die groeiende getal studente wat nie die nodige vlak in prakties sowel as musiekteorie bereik nie. Veranderinge is aangebring in die program en kursusinhoude is gewysig om verdere opleidingsmoontlikhede te bewerkstellig; die Hoërsertifikaat in Musiek is een voorbeeld – dit sal binnekort 'n universiteits-geakkrediteerde kwalifikasie wees. 'n Voorbereidende kursus in Musiektegnologie is spesiaal geskep vir kandidate wat reeds in die musiekbedryf is, of wat voorbereiding vir toelating tot die graadkursus BA met Musiek (rigting: Tegnologie) nodig het. Die doelwit van hierdie navorsing is om ʼn deeglike ondersoek in alle aspekte van die SP na te gaan. Strauss en Corbin (1990) se gegronde teorie was die uitgangspunt vir hierdie ondersoek. Die data bestaan uit aantekeninge van die SP, onderhoude en vraelyste. Die navorsingsontwerp is gebaseer op die voorwaardelike matriks van Strauss en Corbin (1990). Die SP se data is vergelykbaar met die regering se nasionale beleid met betrekking tot Hoër Onderwys, sowel as die US beleide sover dit betrekking het op die gemeenskapsinteraksie en die strategiese raamwerk van US. Kategorieë wat ondersoek is, sluit onder andere konsepte soos motivering, selfgereguleerde, diensleer en die ontwikkeling van emosionele intelligensie in. Die vestiging van vennootskappe met wedersydse voordeel vir beide die universiteit en die gemeenskap is aangewys as 'n belangrike komponent van die gemeenskapsinteraksie beleid by US. By hierdie ondersoek is vasgestel dat dit ʼn groot komponent van die SP is.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Literature suggests that post-literacy (PL) is a seriously under-researched field in most African countries including South Africa. From the literature, it also became evident that, if PL is not viewed as a government priority, a gap will continue to exist between what PL programmes offer, and what the newly literate adults may need. Various authors emphasise the importance of PL to prevent relapsing into illiteracy, the applicability of PL in enhancing everyday private and occupational life, as well as the potential contribution of PL to poverty reduction, social, economic and political development and in sustaining communities. The aim of this study was to identify the PL perceptions of newly literate adults in the PL programme at the Simondium Community Learning Centre (SCLC) in the Western Cape of South Africa. A basic qualitative research approach to collect data was undertaken. During the data production ten semi-structured interviews were conducted, with the individual participant as the unit of analysis. All interviews were recorded digitally (using a tape recorder) and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was done using the HyperQual computer programme to identify, retrieve, isolate and regroup data. The results and conclusions of data based on the literature studied and findings of the study indicate a learner-centred PL programme is required which focuses mainly on non-formal and vocational programmes for sustaining communities and economic development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Literatuur dui daarop dat nágeletterdheid (NG) is ’n ernstig onder nagevorsde gebied in die meeste Afrika-lande wat Suid Afrika insluit. Vanuit die literatuur het dit duidelik geblyk dat, as die regering nie NG as 'n prioriteit beskou nie, 'n gaping sal bly voortbestaan tussen dit wat nuutgelettterde volwassenes moontlik kan benodig en dit wat die program bied. Verskeie skrywers benadruk die belangrikheid van NG om 'n terugval na ongeletterdheid te voorkom, die toepaslikheid van NG om alledaagse private en beroepslewe te bevorder, asook NG se potensiële bydrae tot armoedeverligting, maatskaplike, ekonomiese en politieke ontwikkeling en by die volhoubaarheid van gemeenskappe. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die NGpersepsies van nuutgeletterde volwassenes in die NG-program by die Simondium Gemeenskapleersentrum (SGLS) in die Wes-Kaap van Suid-Afrika te identifiseer. ’n Basiese kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is gebruik om data te versamel. Tydens die data versameling is tien semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude gebruik met die individuele deelnemer as die eenheid van analise. Alle onderhoude is digitaal deur 'n bandopnemer opgeneem en verbatim getranskribeer. Data-analise is gedoen deur gebruik te maak van die HyperQual-rekenaarprogram om data te identifiseer, te herroep, te isoleer en te hergroepeer. Die resultate en opsommings van data gabaseer op literatuur wat bestudeer is en die bevindinge van die studie, dui aan dat 'n leerder-gesentreerde NG program wat hoofsaaklik fokus op nie-formele en beroepsgerigte programme vir die volhoubaarheid van gemeenskappe en ekonomiese ontwikkeling, mag nodig wees binne die bestudeerde konteks.

The United Colors of Benetton is a high-end clothing company that has been deemed as an iconic brand because of their non-traditional print advertisements. From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, the Benetton campaign used photographic images to symbolize social (and sometimes controversial) messages pertaining to race, gender, religion, sexuality and multiculturalism. Benetton claims that their advertising campaign sought to promote diversity, worldwide. However, others believed that their true motive was to gain revenue by placing sensitive social, political cultural issues and messages into an exchange system. The varieties in opinions about Benetton’s motives are highly dependent on how consumers interpret their advertisements. This paper will not only examine the ways in which consumers encode and decode social messages in Benetton’s print advertisements, but will also attempt to understand the process of attitudinal change through a theoretical approach by using discourse analysis. Further recommendations will be given that detail the importance of how consumers can become more active in their participation of encoding and decoding messages by the use of media literacy. / text

This thesis is an exploratory study of media production classes in Austin, Texas. Through examination of Texas state standards, lesson plans, and interviews with educators, I construct a picture of the content and trajectories of media production education in Austin public high schools. The standards, teachers, production tools, and end products structure the classes toward vocational training, industrial practices, and discourses of digitality and newness. The structures avoid more traditional media study areas, such as history, criticism, and analysis. Despite some concerns about student’s vulnerability and desires to empower them, the teachers also largely avoid discourses of media literacy. This study lays a foundation for further exploration of the ways in which media production education structures students’ understanding of media, as well as for reflection on the necessity of more direct media education and media literacy intervention in young people’s highly productive and media-rich lives. / text

This is the keynote presentation delivered at The Sixth Conference on Problem-Based Learning in Finland: Constructing knowledge in information society, Tampere, 2006 June 6-7. Abstract: Finding information, especially accurate, timely, and relevant information, is increasingly important in nearly all human endeavors. Accordingly, numerous studies have examined the processes information seekers employ, as well as the strategies information providers use to meet their needs. Most models emphasize satisfaction or closure as the criterion for successful completion of an information search; thus the emphasis is on solving a specific problem. But often, information seeking is part of some larger process, which is invisible to the information provider and often unclear even to the seeker. Successful search may lead not so much to eliminating an existing, well-defined problem, as to delineating a new problem within a complex, ill-defined space. This paper examines information seeking from an inquiry, or problem-based perspective, and argues that the fields of information seeking and problem-based learning can benefit from closer dialogue.