Code-switching (CS) between French and Arabic is common across North Africa and in parts of the Middle East. Many researchers have examined this phenomenon in Tunisia (Belazi 1991, Lawson & Sachdev 2000, Belazi et. al 1994) and Morocco (Abbassi 1977, Bentahila 1983, Bentahila & Davies 1983, Lahlou 1991, Redouane 2005.) Corpus and elicited data from these two countries has helped form the basis of proposed universal constraints on code-switching, specifically the Functional Head Constraint (FHC) (Belazi et al 1994) and the Complement Adjunct Distinction (CAD) (Mahootian and Santorini 1996). However, CS between French and Moroccan and Tunsian dialects has not been directly investigated within a single study. This study is a step in filling that gap. Using a web-based survey, the present study examines native dialect speakers’ ratings of authenticity of sentences that contain both French and Arabic with a switch occurring in the Determiner Phrase (DP). The syntactic structure of the DP in the dialects examined is the same, (DP = D (D) N (A)). This is similar to the DP in French (DP = D (A) N (A)) with a few key differences that make it possible to test the FHC and CAD within the DP alone. An example of one of the eight possible switch types, between an Arabic Demonstrative Determiner and a French Definite Determiner, is seen here between Moroccan Arabic and French: Men dima had l’homme n’aime pas les chiens. (Since always this the man doesn’t like dogs.) A mixed-model ANOVA performed on the participants’ ratings reveals main effects for dialect, sex and switch type. Significant interactions also exist, including an interaction between switch type, sex and dialect. While further research is needed, the results indicate that syntactic constraints may not be the only way to understand the practice of CS. Instead, a typological approach, as suggested by Muysken (2000), may lead to a more complete understanding of why and how communities use multiple languages. / text

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Avec la mondialisation, le Maghreb a connu, ces dernières années, de nombreux bouleversements dans les grandes villes. Les médinas et centres anciens ne sont plus au centre des débats comparativement aux morceaux de villes internationales, réalisés par des mécanismes d'investissement ou de partenariat entre les gouvernements maghrébins et les investisseurs originaires des pays arabes du Golfe Persique.Ces nouveaux projets urbains, localisés principalement dans les sites offrant un grand potentiel touristique -tel les fronts d'eau- témoignent d'une part, de l'ampleur des opérations, de leurs implications, et d'autre part, indiquent des changements profonds qui interrogent le chercheur dans de multiples directions : sociale, économique, architecturale, urbanistique...En effet, et en dépit du fait que les avantages de ce genre d'opérations sont multiples, la projection au sein des capitales maghrébines d'une architecture de haut-standing importée des pays émiratis, donne naissance à ce que les spécialistes de l'urbain appellent "des greffes urbaines" qui marquent profondément les espaces urbains concernés.La présente recherche tente de cerner les différentes dynamiques urbaines, nées de l'ouverture des territoires urbains maghrébins à l'investissement étranger et d'étudier le passage des façons de faire la ville dites locales, à une nouvelle fabrique de la ville, importée d'ailleurs. Il s'agit de mesurer les impacts sur la ville-hôte et son système de gestion et d'interroger les changements introduits du point de vue social et économique tout en l'inscrivant dans les politiques de développement durable.

This study seeks to clarify the identities of the Almoravid and Almohad Berber movements in the larger Crusade narrative. The two North African Islamic groups are often carelessly placed within the group identified as “Islam” in discussions about the series of military campaigns that took place not only in the traditional Holy Land but also throughout regions of the Mediterranean such as Spain; this generalized identifier of “Islam” is placed against a much more complex group of generally Christian parties, all of them seen as separate, unique groups under the umbrella identifier of Christianity. This foray into a late 13thcentury North African Arabic history of the two groups will attempt to build a more robust identity for the two groups. The way in which they were remembered by their immediate successors will reveal far more interesting parties than simply zealous Muslims waging jihad. Their presence in the region is primarily remembered by their military involvement with Christian forces in the region, though the history of Muhammad ibn Idhari, written around 1295, reveals the groups and their ideologies to be far more complicated than simply meets the eye.

abstract: This study focuses on three major Maghreb states (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) with distinct institutional, political and socioeconomic patterns. It essentially tackles the issue of technological development particularly investments, trade, human capital and patents in a socially and politically sensitive environment. The researcher assumes that government stability, law and order, GDP growth and ICT usage are related to technological innovation in the Maghreb. The stated hypotheses indicate that these political, institutional and socioeconomic factors have significant effect on technological innovation in the Maghreb. Based on a two equations' empirical model, our researcher attempts to test these effects and explore the interactions between the different dependent and independent variables through a set of hypotheses. Data analysis covers three countries from 1996 to 2010. The study identifies significant effects of key covariates on technological innovation in the Maghreb. Although not every predictor effect is consistent, the results indicate that they matter for technological innovation in the Maghreb. Empirical findings might constitute essential evidence for technology and innovation policies in this Middle East and North African region. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Technology 2012

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-29T15:06:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 wellingtonrogeriodasilva.pdf: 1929268 bytes, checksum: d64cdf687b9c693a7fd8909ea7325cfa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-29T19:47:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 wellingtonrogeriodasilva.pdf: 1929268 bytes, checksum: d64cdf687b9c693a7fd8909ea7325cfa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T19:47:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 wellingtonrogeriodasilva.pdf: 1929268 bytes, checksum: d64cdf687b9c693a7fd8909ea7325cfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese toma por objeto obras de três escritores argelinos de língua francesa, a saber, Kateb Yacine, Assia Djebar e Anissa Mohammedi, inseridas na literatura contemporânea do Magrebe. Esses autores percorrem o espaço da própria terra e encontram na expatriação da sua literatura o motivo de sobrevivência. Eles nos fornecem a dimensão duma nova espacialidade como fruto do spatial turn, e do incontornável fenômeno migratório na Argélia desde muito tempo, notadamente durante o período colonial e pós-colonial. Escrevendo atualmente na França ou noutras partes do mundo, mostram, nessa condição, possibilidades novas de inserção da literatura argelina escrita na língua deste que foi o seu antigo colono. Assim, eles se inscrevem numa inter-relação com o mundo, noção desenvolvida por Édouard Glissant pela Poética da Relação. Como rizomas, indo ao encontro do outro, trazem para a problemática segundo a qual as relações entre a literatura e a geografia se tornam essenciais para se pensar a ancoragem da literatura no espaço. Apoiamo-nos nalgumas noções desenvolvidas por alguns pensadores, dentre quais enfatizamos Édouard Glissant e Michel Collot. Por isso, considerando essas relações, concebemos a existência duma Geografia Literária como uma variante para a nossa abordagem Como tratamos de escritores contemporâneos, dialogamos com os processos globalizadores, considerando-os como projetos e não como uma constante na vida humana, ao mesmo tempo em que espaços continuam vazios, na contingência e, por isso mesmo, cheios de encantamento. Desenvolvemos então as noções como a de espaço e espacialidade, relacionando-as às obras escolhidas, que permanecem o nosso principal objeto em relação à espacialidade magrebina: o espaço da mulher árabo-muçulmana, das línguas e da poesia, esta última responsável pela formação da literatura argelina e sua inserção numa literatura-mundo. Concluímos a nossa tese com aportes sobre as possibilidades nossos escritores nos espaços encarnados, e considerando-os como andorinhas costeiras, razões de sobrevivência do sujeito num mundo cada vez mais fragilizado e incerto. / Cette thèse prend pour objet des oeuvres de trois écrivains algériens de langue française, à savoir, Kateb Yacine, Assia Djebar et Anissa Mohammedi, insérées dans la littérature contemporaine au Maghreb. Ces auteurs parcourent l‟espace de la propre terre et trouvent dans l‟expatriation de leur littérature la raison même de survie. Ils nous fournissent la dimension d‟une nouvelle spatialité comme résultat d‟un spatial turn et de l‟incontournable phénomène migratoire en Algérie depuis longtemps, nottament durant la période coloniale et post-coloniale. Écrivant actuellement en France ou ailleurs, ils démontrent dans cette condition des possibilités nouvelles d‟insertion de la littérature algérienne écrite dans la langue de celui qui fut son ancien colon. Ainsi, ils s‟inscrivent dans une interrelation avec le monde, notion développée par Édouard Glissant à partir d‟une poétique de la Relation. En les considérant comme des rhizomes, nous avons développé la problématique selon laquelle les rapport entre la géographie et la littérature devient fondamental pour penser les rapports entre la littérature et l‟espace. Nous avons cherché quelques notions étudiées par des théoriciens, dont Édouard Glissant et Michel Collot. De ce fait, considérant les rapports entre la littérature et la géographie, nous concevons l‟existence d‟une Géographie Littéraire comme une variable dans cette approche. Puisque il s‟agit d‟écrivains contemporains, le dialogue avec les processus de mondialisaion devient aussi important, sachant qu‟il ne s‟agit pas d‟un processus naturel, mais d‟un projet majeur, alors que des espaces restent en friche, dans la contingence et, en l‟occurrence, pleins d‟echantement. Nous avons donc cherché les notions d‟espace et de spatialité et ses rapports aux ouvrages sélectionés, qui restent notre principal objet sur la spatialité maghrébine: l‟espace de la femme arabo-musulmane, des langues et celui de la poésie, celle-ci responsable pour la formation de la littérature algérienne et son insertion dans une littérature-monde. Pour conclure, nous proposons des apports sur les possiblités de nos écrivains dans les espaces incarnés, en les considérant comme des hirondelles de rivage, seule raison de survie du sujet dans un monde de plus en plus fragilisé et incertain.

Le groupe de musique Zebda est né d’une aventure associative pendant les années 1980 à Toulouse.Composé de français issus de l'immigration maghrébine postcoloniale et des immigrations espagnoleset italiennes du début du XXème siècle en région Midi-Pyrénées, Zebda connaît un certain succès enFrance pendant les années 1990. En revenant sur l'histoire de la création du groupe, liée notamment aumouvement des marches pour l’égalité des années 1980 et à une aventure associative et militante quiaboutira à la création du Tactikollectif dans les années 1990, cette thèse cherche à comprendre etcaractériser l’outil musical Zebda. La problématique de recherche est la suivante : en quoi la musiquedu groupe Zebda permet-elle de questionner les fondements de la société française : son processus decitoyenneté comme son vivre ensemble ? / Zebda, a musical group from Toulouse, appeared during the 1980s. Closely linked to a local voluntaryorganisation, it includes French citizens of foreign descent, whose families migrated to the Midi-Pyrénées region from the Maghreb, but also from Italy and Spain. Zebda became famous in the 1990sas a “mixed band” playing “hybrid” music. This dissertation begins by analysing the conditions inwhich the band emerged and its relationships with the movement of the Marches pour l’égalité in the1980s, and with a militant organisation that will eventually become Tactikollectif in the 1990s. Then itshows that Zebda can be defined as a “musical tool”, which allows answering the question: How doesZebda’s music question the foundations of French society? That is, conceptions of citizenship andconditions for living together in harmony.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

No description available.

Ce travail aborde les développements de la psychiatrie dans les colonies italiennes de la Corne de l’Afrique et de la Libye. La psychiatrie coloniale – que l’on appelle aussi ‘ethnographique’, ‘comparée’, ‘raciale’ – se nourrit de théories anthropologiques consolidées, de mensurations anthropométriques, d’observations cliniques ; c’est dans ce cadre complexe qu’elle émerge comme discipline autonome, en partie au moins, par rapport à la psychiatrie de le mère-patrie et qu’elle contribue au bon fonctionnement du régime colonial. Les protagonistes sont en premier lieu les médecins et les patients ; à l’arrière plan on trouve aussi les administrateurs et les hommes politiques, ou encore les familles et les communautés d’origine des patients. À travers des documents précieux comme les dossiers médicaux, il est possible de reconstituer les parcours des patients, de raconter des histoires de vie et d’identifier des éléments récurrents dans les différentes expériences. De plus, grâce à la documentation privée de certains médecins coloniaux, il est possible de saisir les motivations qui poussaient certains spécialistes à venir exercer dans les colonies. L’étude de la littérature psychiatrique de l’époque, associée à l’analyse des parcours des médecins, fait apparaître les échanges et les influences qui marquaient l’activité des psychiatres coloniaux. En ce sens il m’a semblé important d’analyser les modèles anglais et français dont les médecins italiens déclarent s’inspirer dans leur réflexion théorique et donc dans la construction de la discipline ainsi que dans les solutions pratiques mises en œuvre pour faire face à la question psychiatrique dès le début des différentes expériences coloniales. Le nœud de l’assistance aux colons et aux militaires qui présentaient des troubles psychiques, ainsi qu’aux indigènes considérés fous, a plus retenu l’attention dans la colonie libyenne (déjà en 1911-1912, avec des réalisations institutionnelles dans les années trente) tandis que dans les colonies de l’Afrique orientale italienne, la question de l’assistance psychiatrique a été moins débattue, débouchant par conséquent sur très peu de réalisations pratiques. / The dissertation reviews the ways in which psychiatry developed in the Italian colonies in the Horn of Africa and in Libya. Colonial psychiatry – variously called “ethnographic”, “comparative”, or “racial” psychiatry – drew on established anthropological theories, anthropometric measurements and clinical observations, the consistently-organized framework within which it emerged as an discipline supporting colonial government and at least partially independent of psychiatry in the home country. The primary interaction within this colonial psychiatry was that between doctors and patients; in the background were the colonial administrators, the political decision-makers, and the patients’ families and home communities. Precious documentary resources such as medical records let us trace patients’ careers, tell their life stories, reconstruct typical cases and confirm recurrent features in their various experiences; from the private papers of some colonial doctors we can gather the specialists’ motivations to move to the colonies; and an examination of the psychiatric literature of the day enables us to reconstruct the discussions and inspirations which fostered the work of the colonial psychiatrists. I have recognized the importance of analysing the British and (still more) the French models from which the Italian clinicians claimed to draw their inspiration, both in terms of theory (and the construction of the resulting discipline), and in the practical solutions implemented to tackle psychiatric issues from the earliest days of the various colonial experiments. This issue – of supporting psychiatrically-afflicted colonists and soldiers and natives regarded as “mad” – was paid most attention in the Libyan colony, starting in the very first months of the occupation (in 1911 and 1912) and then taking institutional form in the 1930s; in the colonies of what was known as “Italian East Africa”, on the other hand, there was less discussion of psychiatric support and correspondingly limited practical achievements. / La tesi percorre gli sviluppi della psichiatria nelle colonia libica e nelle colonie del Corno d’Africa. La psichiatria coloniale – che assume denominazioni diverse: ‘etnografica’, ‘comparata’, ‘razziale’ – si nutre di teorie antropologiche consolidate, di misurazioni antropometriche, di osservazioni cliniche ed è in questo quadro articolato che emerge come disciplina autonoma, almeno in parte, rispetto alla psichiatria della madrepatria, e funzionale al buon ordine del regime coloniale. Nella cornice della psichiatria coloniale interagiscono in primo luogo medici e pazienti; sullo sfondo ci sono gli amministratori e i decisori politici, le famiglie e le comunità di provenienza dei pazienti. Attraverso documenti preziosi come le cartelle cliniche è possibile tracciare le traiettorie dei pazienti, raccontare storie di vita, ricostruire casi esemplari e fissare dei punti ricorrenti nelle diverse esperienze. Grazie alla documentazione privata di alcuni medici coloniali è possibile cogliere le ragioni che spingevano gli specialisti in colonia. Infine la letteratura psichiatrica del periodo preso in esame permette di ricostruire gli scambi e le ispirazioni che alimentavano l’attività degli psichiatri coloniali. In tal senso si è ritenuto importante analizzare i modelli inglese e soprattutto francese a cui i medici italiani dichiarano di ispirarsi, sia nella riflessione teorica e quindi nella costruzione della disciplina, sia nelle soluzioni pratiche attuate per far fronte alla questione psichiatrica sin dai primi tempi delle diverse esperienze coloniali. Tale questione, ovvero il problema dell'assistenza ai coloni e ai militari che presentavano disturbi psichiatrici nonché agli indigeni ritenuti folli, ha ricevuto maggiore attenzione nella colonia libica, e questo sin dai primi mesi della sua occupazione, tra 1911 e 1912, per poi manifestarsi in realizzazioni istituzionali negli anni Trenta; mentre nelle colonie della cosiddetta Africa Orientale Italiana il tema dell’assistenza psichiatrica è stato meno dibattuto, sfociando pertanto in scarse realizzazioni pratiche.