Marginalijos – svarbus, informatyvus knygos elementas, atskleidžiantis ne tik marginalijų ypatybes, sukūrimo laiką, vietą, bet ir jų kūrėjo visai kitą asmenybės pusę. Bakalauro darbe aptariama marginalijų samprata, tyrimų kryptys ir vienas iš sudėtingiausių aspektų – marginalijų klasifikacija. Darbe analizuojamos Ž. Mikšio ŠU bibliotekai dovanotų knygų marginalijos, kurios sudaro tokias grupes: paprastosios arba bendrosios marginalijos, taisančiosios marginalijos ir papildoma informacija. Pagal marginalijų kūrėjo ryšį su tekstu, jo pateikiamią vertinimą šios grupės suskirstytos į smulkesnius pogrupius. Atlikus tyrimą, paaiškėjo, kad didžiąją marginalijų dalį sudaro paprastosios marginalijos, turinčios neigiamą reikšmę. Ž. Mikšio kritiški įrašai knygose atskleižia jo požiūrį į Lietuvoje leidžiamas knygas, jų kokybę, leidėjus. Taisančiųjų marginalijų ir papildomos informacijos pagrindinė funkcija – pagalba skaitytojui. Prieduose pateikiamas šaltinių sąrašas, kurį sudaro 297 knygos, iš kurių buvo išrinktos marginalijos. Taip pat prieduose pridėti įdomesni, informatyvesni Ž. Mikšio marginalijų pavyzdžiai. / Marginalia is an important and informative element of the book. What is more, it reveals not only the characteristics of marginalia, the creation of time, place, but also includes a completely different personality side of the creator. These Bachelor's thesis discusses about the concept of marginalia, research directions, and also focuses on one of the most challenging aspects – classification of marginalia. Moreover, this paper aims to provide analysis of marginalia, which are selected from the donated Ž. Mikšys books to Šiauliai university library. In this case they consist of the following groups: common marginalia, emendation marginalia and additional information. According to marginalia creator’s connection with the text and his presented evaluation, it has been decided to divide this group into smaller sub-groups. The investigation has shown that the majority of the marginality consist of ordinary marginality, which have negative meanings. Criticized Ž. Mikšys records in the books reveal his approach regarding the books published in Lithuania, their quality and publishers. The main feature of emendation marginalia and additional information – the aid to a reader. In the annexes is given a list of sources which indicates 279 books, and all marginalia have been selected from the presented books. It is important to mention that annexes include more interesting and informative examples of Ž. Mikšys marginalia as well.

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A quantitative forward model has been developed to investigate the controls on the deposition, erosion, and preservation of passive rift margin stratigraphy. The model includes thermal subsidence, variable absolute sealevel, flexural isostasy, subaerial and submarine deposition on fluvial and marine equilibrium profiles, and the facility to vary sediment supply through time. Results from the quantitative model can be used to reproduce elements of the sequence stratigraphic depositional model. Conducting sensitivity tests demonstrates that variables such as sediment supply and fluvial profile behaviour are likely to be of equal importance to thermal subsidence and eustasy in passive margin stratigraphy. Sensitivity tests with the quantitative model also demonstrate the problems associated with attempting to use a discretised stratigraphic model to investigate unforced cyclicty resulting from complex interactions in stratigraphic systems. Although the model appears capable of producing such unforced cyclical behaviour, this cyclicity is shown to be due to a numerical instability within the model which occurs with certain initial conditions and assumptions. The applicability of the model to observed stratigraphy is tested by comparing specific model output to patterns of stratigraphy from the North American Atlantic margin. The results from this test demonstrate that although the model is in many respects simplistic when compared to the complexities of natural systems, it is nevertheless capable of reproducing some of the basic elements of the observed stratigraphic patterns.

The introduction of Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging in treatment planning for radiotherapy of prostate cancer give rise to new challenges in defining the treatment volume, or the target. Imaging with MR have several advantages, especially better soft-tissue contrast, compared with the standard image modality, Computed Tomography (CT). The purpose of this project was to determine how the target definition varies with the choice of image modality and the systematic differences between them. The purpose was also to determine how the inter- and intra physician variability influences the delineation, depending on which image modality that is used. In the project, five physicians delineated the prostate gland on CT and MR images for nine patients. The physicians had no information of which image series that was connected, and were thus delineating independent. After the delineation, the CT and MR image series was set in the same geometrical coordinate system in the treatment planning system Oncentra. The target delineations were analysed by comparing the radial distances from the centre of mass in different directions, such as anterior, posterior, etc. The radial distances were later used to evaluate the variability of the delineations and to determine the inter and intra physician variability in different directions of the targets. ANOVA was also preformed to determine if there is a significant difference between the parameters, as the image modality and the image modalities influence on the physicians delineations. A model was made to investigate how the MR delineations differ from a CT defined volume that 95% of the delineations cover, called the ideal CT delineation. From this, the median deviation in different directions  was analysed and it was found that the median value of the MR delineations in different directions was between -0.10-2.27 mm larger than the ideal CT delineation. The fluctuations between the delineations was, however, large. The target volume was larger for CT defined volumes in 87% of the cases, compared with MR targets. The inter physician variability was found to be between 0.54-2.17 mm for the CT based delineations and 0.68-2.08 mm for the MR based target delineations. The intra physician variability was larger than the inter physician variability, between 0.74-2.51 mm for CT based delineations and 0.85-1.45 mm for MR based delineations. The median variability of the delineations were not uniform around the target volume but were larger for example in the superior and inferior directions and had its minimum in the posterior direction. The ANOVA tests showed a significant difference between MR and CT based target delineations, it also shows a relation between the delineating physician and the image modality, meaning that the physicians are delineating different on CT and MR images. Target volumes defined on MR images are in general smaller than the CT defined targets. The soft tissue contrast in MR images makes the delineating process easier, however, the analysis of the variability in this project indicates that the variations of MR based target delineations are larger than the CT based. The large variation of the delineations implies that clinical tests should be made to ensure a proper dose coverage before MR could be used as the only image modality in radiotherapy treatment planning of prostate cancer.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007. / Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences Faculty, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. / Martial Taillefert, Committee Member ; Jay Brandes, Committee Member ; Markus Huettel, Committee Member ; Philip Froelich, Committee Member ; Ellery Ingall, Committee Member ; Richard A. Jahnke, Committee Chair.

This doctoral dissertation provides a framework for analyzing consumer's demand and firm's pricing strategy under a dynamic setting. The results bring new methods and empirical evidence to the existing literature within this realm. The first chapter evaluates retailers' choice of service even when service is not observed. Retailer optimization over service alters manufacturers' price setting and thus provides the required identification. Using new data containing wholesale prices from China's second largest wireless carrier, I construct and estimate a dynamic structural model including both demand and supply. I find that service has a significantly positive effect on expanding market demand; however, its impact subsides over time. I argue that this pattern provides a potential explanation for Apple's initial exclusive contract with China Unicom and subsequent contract arrangements. The second chapter is a joint work with Gautam Gowrisankaran and Marc Rysman. We develop and implement a new method for calculating price-cost margins in a durable goods environment. We study the industry of digital camcorders and analyze how margins differ across products, firms and time. We are particularly interested in the extent to which falling marginal costs explain falling prices. Using demand estimates and our new method, we generate non-parametric distributions of marginal costs that each firm expects for each product. We show that marginal cost falls dramatically by an average of $300 and that the price-cost margin is strongly correlated with quality. We also find that the market share is an important driver for the dynamic effects in our model. The last chapter investigates firm's price adjustment processes, with a particular focus on the micro-level determinants of the frequency of price changes. Using the same data as in the first chapter, I construct and estimate a model of the frequency of price adjustments within products. I find that the price of a high quality product tends to adjust more often. Older products are more likely to change price than newer ones. Also, firms are more responsive to seasonal effects than to market competition.

Esta dissertação aborda a constituição do camelódromo de Porto Alegre e de suas práticas de comércio popular, em sua relação com as tecnologias de (i)legibilidade produzidas na sua relação com o Estado. Este trabalho parte de uma etnografia realizada entre os anos de 2013 e 2014, que se focou tanto nas práticas e sentidos elaborados pelos comerciantes do camelódromo, quanto nas visões dos atores representantes dos órgãos de controle e vigilância estatal. A partir da perspectiva teórica de Veena Das & Deborah Poole, destaco que o Estado e suas margens interagem de forma coprodutiva. Inspirada nesta abordagem, percebendo o camelódromo como uma “margem”, objetivo demonstrar como o Estado e a margem em questão estabelecem uma relação de produção mútua a partir de suas práticas. Utilizo-me dos conceitos de (i)legibilidade e pluralismo jurídico para compreender os limites e as mobilidades de tal interação. A partir da análise dos dados coletados, pode-se depreender que o Estado é reforçado, ao mesmo passo que redefinido, pelas atividades informais do camelódromo. Por sua vez, tal fortalecimento também acontece, na relação com o Estado no comércio popular em questão, onde as tecnologias de controle estatais estimulam redes de solidariedade a se organizarem e produzirem práticas diversas, que relacionam códigos legais e condutas locais. / This dissertation approaches the constitution of Porto Alegre’s “camelódromo” and its popular trade’s practices, in relation with (i)legibility technologies produced in its nexus with the State. This study consists in an ethnography carried out between 2013 and 2014, which focused on practices and meanings produced by camelódromo’s vendors, as in the visions of the actors that represents the organs of state control and surveillance. From the theoretical perspective of Veena Das & Deborah Poole, I emphasize that the State and its margins interact in a coproductive way. Inspired by this approach, perceiving camelódromo as a margin, my purpose is to demonstrate how the State and the margin in question establish a mutual relation of production from their practices. I use, in this work, the concepts of (i)legibility and legal pluralism to understand the limits and mobilities of such interaction. From the analysis of the collected data, it is possible to deduce that the State is reinforced and redefined by camelódromo’s informal activities. In turn, this strengthening also happens between the relation of the State and popular trade in question, where State’s control technologies stimulate solidarity networks to organize and produce themselves various practices that relates legal codes and local behavior.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O spread bancário no Brasil tem mostrado resiliência quanto ao seu nível reconhecidamente elevado mesmo após as mudanças econômicas estruturais ocorridas a partir da implementação do Plano Real e a mais recente queda da taxa de juros básica da economia SELIC - promovida, em grande parte, pelo cenário de crise internacional e pelo aumento expressivo do mercado de crédito nacional. Adicionalmente a isso, a mudança no perfil da dívida pública também sofreu alteração recentemente, visando reduzir a importância de títulos públicos atrelados a SELIC e, com isso, aumentar a eficácia da política monetária praticada pelo Banco Central. Ademais, títulos públicos com essa natureza desincentivam a ampliação de um mercado de crédito desenvolvido, dado que são títulos de baixo risco e com rentabilidade suficiente para inibir as instituições financeiras à incorrer em novos empréstimos, com maior risco operacional. Este trabalho pretende investigar a relação entre as Letras Financeiras do Tesouro Nacional LFTs e a taxa de spread bancário ex-ante no período recente da economia brasileira. / The banking spread in Brazil has shown resilience as its recognized high level even after the structural economic changes that occurred since the implementation of the Real Plan and the latest drop in the basic interest rate of the economy - SELIC - promoted largely by international crisis scenario and the significant increase in the domestic credit market. In addition to this, the change in public debt profile has also undergone changes recently to reduce the importance of the SELIC indexed bonds and thereby increase the effectiveness of monetary policy practiced by the Central Bank. Furthermore, bonds with nature that discourage the expansion of a developed credit market, as are securities with low risk and profitability sufficient to inhibit financial institutions to incur new loans, with higher operational risk. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the Letras Financeiras do Tesouro - LFT - and the rate of ex-ante bank spread in recent years of the Brazilian economy.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-16T11:00:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMCN.pdf: 1812104 bytes, checksum: dcc408c3378bc670808554317b118c31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-17T12:17:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMCN.pdf: 1812104 bytes, checksum: dcc408c3378bc670808554317b118c31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-17T12:17:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMCN.pdf: 1812104 bytes, checksum: dcc408c3378bc670808554317b118c31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T12:17:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMCN.pdf: 1812104 bytes, checksum: dcc408c3378bc670808554317b118c31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Não recebi financiamento / Currently, therapeutic communities (TCs), play a key role in crack users management and other drugs under the current public policies. Against this background, this research focuses three therapeutic communities of diferent regions in Brazil. Two located in medium-sized cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo and another in a medium-sized city in the interior of the state of Pernambuco. This dissertation presents the descriptive objective of demonstrating the internal dynamics of these therapeutic communities. Unfolds this two objectives: i) know the practices and results of the therapies used; ii) know the profile of inmates, employees and operators, above all, to know the daily life inside them. As a result, the therapeutic communities researched intend to create conditions for the change of subjects that are considered as addicts, proposing (re) creating the conditions of social interaction of subjects through activities centered on the axes of spirituality, work and discipline. They contribute, therefore, to the perpetuation of an individual and guilty perspective of the drug question. The text is supported by ethnographic work that includes: i) interspersed visits made since 2012; ii) immersion in the field performing three periods of fifteen days one in each institution. / Atualmente, as Comunidades Terapêuticas (CTs), desempenham papel fundamental na gestão de usuários de crack e outras drogas no âmbito das políticas públicas vigentes. Considerando este cenário, esta pesquisa focaliza três comunidades terapêuticas de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Duas localizadas em cidades de médio porte do interior do estado de São Paulo e outra em uma cidade também de médio porte do interior do estado de Pernambuco. Esta dissertação apresenta o objetivo descritivo de demonstrar quais são as dinâmicas internas dessas comunidades terapêuticas. Desdobram-se disso dois objetivos: i) conhecer as práticas e os resultados das terapêuticas utilizadas; ii) conhecer o perfil dos internos, dos funcionários e operadores, sobretudo, conhecer a vida cotidiana no interior delas. Resulta disso que, as comunidades terapêuticas pesquisadas, pretendem criar condições para a mudança de sujeitos que são considerados adictos, propõem (re) criar as condições de interação social dos sujeitos por meio de atividades centradas nos eixos da espiritualidade, trabalho e disciplina. Contribuem, portanto, para a perpetuação de uma perspectiva individual e culpabilizante da questão das drogas. O texto é amparado por trabalho etnográfico que compreende i) visitas intercaladas realizadas desde 2012; ii) imersão em campo realizando três períodos de quinze dias um em cada instituição.