Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:29:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelino Santos Neto.pdf: 764118 bytes, checksum: 7cbbd02d693a4818acfb7123e08c89ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-07 / The use of plants for prevention or treatment of diseases have been carried out by mankind from earliest times and transmitted over generations. Scientific studies have been conducted to validate the information concerning the popular use of medicinal plants. From surveys ethnopharmacology you can reduce the time and expense in research and development of new drugs. In 2003, Andrade and colleagues identified plants with medicinal use in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, pre-selected by means of data obtained by the Forest Biodiversity Project, conducted by UNITINS / Ministry of Health / Ministry of the Environment and made available by the FMT / UNITINS. From this survey we selected Cochlospermum regium (Mart & Schrank) Pilger, known commonly as Algodãozinho-do-campo , which promotes, in the studied population, anti-inflammatory (main), analgesic and antipyretic activity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of a crude hydroalcoholic extract (EHA) of the roots of Cochlospermum regium (Mart & Schrank) Pilger in rats by means of the formalin test, the paw edema induced by carrageenan and fever induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The oral administration of EHA produced significant antinociceptive effect in a dose-dependent for both phases of nociception induced by formalin, and yet more effective in the first phase of this model (inhibition of 36% and 57% for doses of 640 and 1280 mg / kg, respectively). The antiinflammatory activity of EHA was confirmed in the model of paw edema induced by carrageenan since our results showed that the EHA reduced dose-dependent manner of the edema of paw induced by intraplantar administration of carrageenan in rats. The doses of 640 and 1280 mg / kg of extract inhibited 22.5% and 36.2%, respectively, the formation of edema three hours after the injection of inflammatory stimulus. It was possible to verify that the EHA, the dose of 1280 mg / kg, inhibited the febrile response induced by LPS. The inhibition occurred from the 2nd hour after administration of LPS and continued throughout the observation period, with maximum inhibition of 0.7 º C between 2 h and 3 h. These results contribute to the scientific validation of its use popular, and show real possibilities for this plant as a source of principle (s) active (s), the search depth can lead to the discovery of a new and better therapeutic alternative to the pathological states of inflammation , pain and fever. Thus it is necessary to carry out additional experiments to isolate and characterize the chemical constituents and especially to better clarify the mechanisms of action involved in activities analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory as well as studies of toxicity and safety. / A utilização de plantas para prevenção ou tratamento de doenças tem sido realizada pela humanidade desde os tempos mais remotos e transmitida ao longo de gerações. Estudos científicos vêm sendo realizados no sentido de validar as informações populares referentes ao uso de plantas medicinais. A partir de levantamentos etnofarmacológicos pode-se reduzir o tempo e os gastos na pesquisa e no desenvolvimento de um novo medicamento. Em 2003, Andrade e colaboradores identificaram as plantas com uso medicinal no Estado do Tocantins, pré-selecionadas por meio de dados obtidos pelo Projeto Bosque da Biodiversidade, realizado pela UNITINS/Ministério da Saúde/Ministério do Meio Ambiente e disponibilizado pela FMT/UNITINS. Deste levantamento foi selecionada Cochlospermum regium (Mart & Schrank) Pilger, conhecida vulgarmente como Algodãozinho-do-campo , que promove, segundo a população pesquisada, ação antiinflamatória (principal), analgésica e antipirética. Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou investigar as atividades antinociceptiva, antiinflamatória e antipirética do extrato hidroalcoólico bruto (EHA) da raiz de Cochlospermum regium (Mart & Schrank) Pilger em ratos por meio dos testes da formalina, edema de pata induzido por carragenina e febre induzida por lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). A administração oral do EHA produziu efeito antinociceptivo significativo de forma dose-dependente em relação a ambas as fases da nocicepção induzida pela formalina, sendo, contudo, mais efetivo na primeira fase desse modelo (inibição de 36% e 57% para as doses de 640 e 1280 mg/kg, respectivamente). A atividade antiinflamatória do EHA foi confirmada no modelo de edema de pata induzido por carragenina uma vez que nossos resultados demonstraram que o EHA reduziu de maneira dose-dependente o edema de pata induzido pela administração intraplantar de carragenina em ratos. As doses de 640 e 1280 mg/kg do extrato inibiram 22,5 % e 36,2 %, respectivamente, a formação do edema três horas após a injeção do estimulo inflamatório. Foi possível verificar ainda que o EHA, na dose de 1280 mg/kg, inibiu a resposta febril induzida pelo LPS. A inibição ocorreu a partir da 2ª hora após a administração de LPS e perdurou durante todo o período de observação, com pico máximo de inibição de 0,7ºC entre a 2 h e 3 h. Tais resultados colaboram para a validação científica de seu uso popular, e indicam possibilidades reais para esta planta como fonte de princípio(s) ativo(s), cuja pesquisa aprofundada pode levar à descoberta de uma nova e melhor alternativa terapêutica aos estados patológicos de inflamação, dor e febre. Para tanto é necessária a realização de experimentos adicionais para isolamento e caracterização dos constituintes químicos e, sobretudo, para o melhor esclarecimento dos mecanismos de ação envolvidos nas atividades analgésica, antiinflamatória e antipirética, bem como estudos de toxicidade e segurança.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:55:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NILSON ELIAS DA SILVA.pdf: 2104651 bytes, checksum: 15384feb09c0a012d7818bf2f348119d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-22 / This study aimed to identify the socioeconomic characteristics and geographical distribution of the population using the Hospital of Alternative Medicine in Goiania (HMA), and the spontaneous use of medicinal plants as a cultural factor. Conventional medicine, every day that passes is becoming difficult to access for a large portion of people who seek care units of public health. The work consisted of a cross-sectional study quantitative and qualitative, through the application form and interviews by saturation of information. The quantitative survey data were collected by means of a proportional random sample of the user population of the HMA of both sexes aged over 18 years, consisting of 302 patients. Was applied to this sample for four consecutive weeks in the morning and afternoon from November to December 2008, a form with open and closed questions related to education level, type of plant used, method of preparation and why it appealed to treatment. The application forms were preceded by a pilot study with 13 patients, and interviews were guided by semi-structured questions with the patients intentionally selected and identified at the time of application forms. The tapes were transcribed and stored in secret institution for a period of five (5) years, and then be destroyed. To perform this study and in the application forms, the interview turned to files, records made by local people themselves, and a literature on the subject addressed. It was concluded that the 302 participants, 79.8% were female, 73.6% were between 30 and 59 years, 58.2% were married, 22.8% of the home, 40% have 1 degree and 40, 7% high school. 38.4% have an individual from 2 to 3 minimum wages, and 45.7% with a familiar 2 to 3 salaries. 39% live in Aparecida de Goiania and 22.8% are from home, 37.7% go to the HMA is less than a year. 17.2% were indicated by the HMA / recommendation of friends, 73.8% learned to use plants with the family, 91.1% had healing with plants, 69.5% were plants in the backyard, 31.4 % knew alternative treatment through neighbors, 76.5% use is natural, plants, 57.9% claimed to know the properties of plants. 75.1% said that treatment is more effective. We conclude that the search for alternative treatments and the spontaneous use of medicinal plants occurred through the knowledge that individuals already possess medicinal plants that have incorporated cultural values, and that occurs in people who have difficult access to conventional medical services in general neighborhoods with low purchasing power. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o perfil socioeconômico e distribuição geográfica da população usuária do Hospital de Medicina Alternativa em Goiânia (HMA), e o uso espontâneo de plantas medicinais como fator cultural. A medicina convencional a cada dia que passa vem se tornando de difícil acesso para grande parcela das pessoas, que procuram por unidades de atendimento de saúde pública. O trabalho consistiu em uma pesquisa transversal quanti-qualitativa, por meio de aplicação de formulário e entrevistas por saturação de informações. Os dados da pesquisa quantitativa foram levantados por meio de uma amostra aleatória proporcional da população usuária do HMA de ambos os sexos e com idade acima de 18 anos, constituída por 302 pacientes. Foi aplicado a esta amostra, durante quatro semanas consecutivas, no período matutino e vespertino de novembro a dezembro de 2008, um formulário com questões abertas e fechadas relacionadas ao nível de instrução, tipos de plantas utilizadas, modo de preparo e razão pela qual recorreram ao tratamento. A aplicação dos formulários foi precedida de uma pesquisa piloto junto a 13 pacientes, e as entrevistas foram orientadas por questões semi-estruturadas junto aos pacientes selecionados intencionalmente e identificados no momento da aplicação dos formulários. As fitas gravadas foram transcritas e serão guardadas sob sigilo institucional por um período de cinco (5) anos, e em seguida serão destruídas. Para a realização desse estudo, além da aplicação dos formulários, a entrevista recorreu-se a arquivos, registros feitos pela própria população local, além de uma literatura especializada sobre o tema abordado. Concluiu-se que dos 302 participantes, 79,8% eram do sexo feminino, 73,6% tinham entre 30 e 59 anos, 58,2% eram casados, 22,8% do lar, 40% possuem 1º grau e 40,7% o Ensino Médio. 38,4% possuem renda individual de 2 a 3 salários mínimos, e 45,7% com renda familiar de 2 a 3 salários. 39% residem em Aparecida de Goiânia e 22,8% são do lar, 37,7% vão ao HMA a menos de um ano. 17,2% foram ao HMA por indicação/recomendação de amigos; 73,8% aprenderam a usar plantas com a família; 91,1% tiveram cura com plantas; 69,5% obtiveram as plantas em fundo de quintal, 31,4% conheceram o tratamento alternativo através de vizinhos; 76,5% usam plantas por ser natural; 57,9% afirmaram conhecer as propriedades das plantas. 75,1% disseram que o tratamento é mais eficaz. Conclui-se que a busca por tratamentos alternativos e o uso espontâneo por plantas medicinais ocorreu inicialmente pelo conhecimento que os indivíduos já possuem de plantas medicinais que já incorporaram de valores culturais, e que ocorre nas populações que tem dificuldades de acesso aos serviços médicos convencionais, em geral de bairros com reduzido poder aquisitivo.

Submitted by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-03-10T17:19:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) ANAJARA FIGARO_DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 3785663 bytes, checksum: 7468f9d07bffbaec477dbf71f28acda2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-03-10T17:20:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) ANAJARA FIGARO_DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 3785663 bytes, checksum: 7468f9d07bffbaec477dbf71f28acda2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T17:20:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) ANAJARA FIGARO_DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 3785663 bytes, checksum: 7468f9d07bffbaec477dbf71f28acda2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-08 / Este trabalho investigou a implementação de uma sequência de ensino e o acompanhamento de aprendizagens de alguns conteúdos de Química utilizando a temática Plantas medicinais e a pesquisa em sala de aula, desenvolvida dentro das componentes curriculares de Química e Seminário Integrado. O uso das Plantas Medicinais tem acompanhado a evolução do ser humano ao longo da história e esses conhecimentos foram transformados e repassados de geração em geração. O que começou, provavelmente de forma empírica, hoje ganha o respaldo da ciência através das pesquisas que buscam sua comprovação e tem o reconhecimento pelo Ministério da Saúde. A temática possibilita valorizar os saberes populares dos estudantes, o que colabora com a construção da prática educativa. Através do resgate e valorização de alguns saberes populares em sala de aula articulando de forma contextualizada e interdisciplinar, aproxima-se o ensino de Química com a realidade dos estudantes, para que este deixe de se configurar como um conhecimento abstrato. Dentro dessa concepção desenvolveram-se atividades para contribuir com a aprendizagem de Química e com a formação cidadã dos alunos. A diversificação das estratégias didáticas adotadas favoreceram a compreensão dos conteúdos abordados e da linguagem representacional das estruturas dentro da Química Orgânica. Com a análise ao longo desta pesquisa, pode-se perceber, por parte dos estudantes, uma apropriação de conceitos e termos químicos relacionados, bem como algumas atitudes que configuram novos saberes, mostrando a contribuição da temática para o contexto da educação básica, tanto no desenvolvimento dos conteúdos escolares como na pesquisa do aluno, o que lhe confere maior autonomia na busca por informações. / This work investigates the implementation of a teaching sequence and monitoring of learning of some chemical content using the theme medicinal plants and research in the classroom, developed within the curriculum components of Chemistry and Integrated Seminar. The use of medicinal plants has followed the evolution of human beings throughout history and this knowledge were transformed and passed on from generation to generation. What started probably empirically, today won the backing of science through research that seek their evidence and is recognized by the Ministry of Health. The theme enables value the popular knowledge of the students, which contributes to the construction of educational practice. Through the rescue and recovery of some popular knowledge in the classroom articulating in context and interdisciplinary way, approaching the teaching of chemistry with the reality of students, so that it ceases to be configured as an abstract knowledge. Within this design were developed activities to contribute to the learning of Chemistry and civic education of the students. The diversification of teaching strategies adopted favored the understanding of the content covered and representational language structures within the Organic Chemistry. With the analysis throughout this research can be seen on the part of students, an appropriation of concepts and related chemical terms, as well as some of the attitudes that shape new knowledge, showing the thematic contribution to the context of basic education, both in development of educational content and in search of the student, which gives it greater autonomy in the search for information.

As espécies do gênero Smilax L., conhecidas pelos nomes vulgares japecanga, cipó japecanga, salsaparrilha e aputá, são amplamente utilizadas como plantas medicinais, para os mais variados tipos de tratamentos. O presente estudo apresenta a análise dos caracteres anatômicos e do perfil químico de indivíduos da espécie Smilax syphilitica Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow coletados em área de Mata Atlântica, em Santa Tereza ES e Smilax aff. syphilitica Humboldt & Bonbland ex Willdenow coletados na Floresta Amazônica, em Manaus. O material botânico foi herborizado e identificado pela especialista Profa. Dra. Regina Helena Potsch Andreata. As exsicatas foram registradas e incorporadas ao acervo do Herbário da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz da Universidade de São Paulo, sob os números 107665 e 111412. As amostras de folhas (região mediana: internervural, nervura central e bordo), de caules não espessados (terceiro entrenó, próximo ao solo, subterrâneo), de rizóforos e raízes adventícias foram fixadas em FAA 50 (1:1:8 formaldeído, ácido acético glacial e álcool etílico 50%), infiltradas em historesina (Leica Historesin), seccionadas em micrótomo rotativo, coradas e montadas em resina sintética. Também foram realizados testes histoquímicos usuais. Para realizar as análises da ornamentação cuticular ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura, amostras de folhas foram fixadas em Karnovsky, desidratadas em série de acetona e pelo método do ponto crítico do CO2, montadas em suporte de alumínio e revestidas com ouro. Os perfis cromatográficos de ambas as espécies foram analisados por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência Acoplada à Detector Diodo, utilizando-se extratos metanólicos (MeOH) de raízes e rizóforos. Observou-se que as espécies diferem com relação à ornamentação e à espessura cuticular, arranjo e espessamento parietal das células epidérmicas, tipos de estômatos, localização e natureza de conteúdos celulares, presença de idioblastos com ráfides, cristais prismáticos, e cristais de areia, presença de grãos de amido, e tipo de colênquima e presença de bainha esclerenquimática no pecíolo. As duas espécies apresentam rizóforos formadores de raízes adventícias, que podem ser brancas ou marrons dependendo do seu revestimento. Os perfis cromatográficos revelaram presença de substâncias fenólicas em ambas as espécies, porém, em rizóforos de amostras de S. syphilitica, foi observada maior complexidade química. As características anatômicas e químicas encontradas nas espécies estudadas proporcionarão uma base mais segura para a certificação e comercialização dessas plantas medicinais. / Species of the genus Smilax L., popularly known as japecanga, salsaparrilha and aputá are widely used as medicinal plants in many kinds of treatments. This study presents anatomical features and chemical profiles of the Smilax syphilitica Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow from Atlantic Forest (Santa Teresa Espírito Santo) and S. aff. syphilitica Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow from Amazon Forest (Manaus Amazonas). The botanical material was herborized and identified by the genus specialist, Prof. Dr. Regina Helena Potsch Andreata. The collection was registered in the Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz herbarium under the numbers 107665 and 111412. Leaf blades (median region: intervascular, midvein and edge), stems (third internode region, close to the ground internode and underground internode), rhizophores and adventitious roots were fixed in FAA 50 (1:1:8 formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid and 50% ethylic alcohol), embedded in Historesin (Leica Historesin), sectioned by rotary microtome, stained and mounted in synthetic resin. Also, usual histochemical tests were performed. To perform cuticle the cuticle ornamentation analyses under a scanning electron microscopy. Leaf samples were fixed in Karnovsky, dehydrated in acetone series and subjected to critical point method of CO2, mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with gold. Chemical profile of both species was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode Array Detector using methanol extracts (MeOH) of roots and rizophores. The studied species differ regarding cuticle thickness and ornamentation, cell wall thickness and arrangement in the epidermis, stomata classification, location and nature of chemical cell contents, presence of idioblasts with raphides, prismatic crystals, crystal sands, presence of starch grains, presence of collenchyma and thickened cells around vascular bundles in the petiole. Both species have rhizophores forming white and brown adventitious roots whose color depends on their covering tissue. Chemical profile showed presence of phenolic compounds in both species, although in S. syphilitica it was observed higher chemical complexity. The anatomical and chemical characteristics found in the studied species will provide a more secure basis for the certification and commercialization of these medicinal.

O extrato bruto da planta inteira (Peperomia trineura) foi submetido à cromatografia de adsorção em sílica gel, cromatografia em camada delgada preparativa (CCDP) e CLAE semipreparativa, resultando no isolamento de cinco policetídeos inéditos em função do comprimento ou presença da insaturação na cadeia alquílica. A elucidação estrutural destes policetídeos foi realizada com base nas analises espectroscópicas de RMN 1D e 2D, infravermelho e espectrometria de massas de baixa e alta resolução. As frações provenientes do extrato bruto foram testadas frente a duas linhagens de células leucêmicas (K-562 e Nalm 6), apresentando atividades consideráveis. Já os policetídeos tiveram seu potencial antifúngico avaliado frente a duas espécies de fungos fitopatogênicas - Cladosporium cladosporioides e C. sphaerospermum - e apresentaram atividade fraca e média variando de acordo com suas estruturas. / The crude extract of whole plant (Peperomia trineura) was subjected to adsorption chromatography on silica gel, preparative thin-layer chromatography (CCDP) and semi-preparative HPLC, resulting in the isolation of five novel polyketides with variable chain lenght or presence of unsaturation in the alkyl chain. The structural elucidation of these compounds was based on spectroscopic techniques for 1D and 2D NMR, infrared and low and high resolution mass spectrometry. The fractions from the crude extract were tested against the two leukemic cell lines (K-562 and Nalm 6), showing considerable activities. The polyketides were evaluated against the phytopathogenic fungi - Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum - and displayed low and medium activity.

丹参是一种著名的传统中药，富含丹酚酸和丹参酮。其中，丹参酮的潜在抗肿瘤作用近年来引起众多关注。本研究评价了主要的丹参酮及其衍生物对结肠癌细胞的细胞毒性。结果显示DHTS具有最强的抗结肠癌活性和显著的肿瘤特异性细胞毒性，其细胞毒性主要由于凋亡诱导而不是引起坏死。初步的构效关系分析提示丹参酮母环结构中的A环和B环增加的离域性有助于提高其对结肠癌细胞的细胞毒性，而非二维结构及较小的D环也是进行结构改造的可能方向。 / 基于以上发现，本研究进一步探讨了DHTS的体内外抗肿瘤活性及内在机制。本研究发现DHTS的促凋亡活性并不依赖于p53的表达，而依赖于caspase活性及线粒体介导的细胞质中氧自由基 ROS及钙离子的聚集。DHTS可引起浓度及时间依赖caspase-9/-3/-7的活化而并未显著引起caspase-8的活化，这一现象发生于同样以浓度及时间依赖方式进行的线粒体中cytochrome c及AIF转位之后。在DHTS诱导的结肠癌细胞凋亡中，cytochrome c及caspase介导的凋亡通路及AIF介导的凋亡通路均被激活并显示出两条通路之间的交叉调控。 / 此外，线粒体在DHTS的促凋亡活性中的作用在本研究中被深入探讨。本研究发现线粒体可能是DHTS的一个直接靶点, 而氧化磷酸化复合体III则更可能是其作用位点。DHTS可以引起迅速而明显的线粒体功能障碍，随之引起细胞质中大量的氧自由基及钙离子聚集，诱导凋亡的产生。 / 与体外结果一致，本研究证实了DHTS对免疫缺陷小鼠中的结肠癌移植廇也具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。与溶媒对照组比较，DHTS治疗组中移植廇的增长显著被减缓，在治疗终点时的廇体积与重量也显著被降低。TUNEL检测确认DHTS诱导移植廇中癌细胞的显著凋亡。免疫荧光检测也发现DHTS诱导caspase-3及caspase-7在移植廇中癌细胞的明显活化。 / 综上所述，本研究提供了丹参酮抗结肠癌活性的一些初步构效关系的信息，为提高丹参酮抗结肠癌活性的结构改造提供一定的参考。更重要的是，本研究证明了DHTS的体内外抗结肠癌活性并探讨了其作用机制及可能靶点，为DHTS作为新的应用于抗结肠癌药物或辅助治疗用药提供了临床前研究证据。 / Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, also known as Danshen, rich in phenolic acid and tanshinones, has been widely used to treat various kinds of diseases including heart diseases and hepatitis in China with minimal side effects. Among the tanshinones, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone I are the major bioactive constituents in this herb. In this study, the anti-colon cancer potential of five tanshinones and six derivatives of tanshinone IIA were evaluated in several colon cancer cell lines. It was found that apoptosis but not necrosis contributed significantly to the cytotoxicity of the tanshinones. Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) was confirmed to be the most potent and selective anti-cancer compound among the tanshinones tested in this study. Preliminary SAR (structure activity relationship) of tanshinones reveals that the increase of delocalizability of A and B rings in the chemical structure of the tanshinones enhances their cytotoxicity on cancer cells, while compounds with a non-planar and small sized D ring region are better choices for anti-cancer effect. / The underlying mechanisms of the anti-colon cancer activity of DHTS were further studied. It was found that apoptosis induced by DHTS was p53 independent but caspase dependent, which was closely related to intracellular accumulation of ROS (reactive oxidant stress) and calcium mediated by mitochondria. A concentration- and time-dependent activation of caspase-9,-3,-7 but not caspase-8 by DHTS in HCT116 cells was detected after the translocation of cytochrome c and AIF (apoptosis inducing factor) from mitochondria. In this process, the crosstalk between the caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways was firstly shown in the apoptotic mechanism of DHTS. To this end, the release of cytochrome c happened first and the translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) was prevented by a pan caspase inhibitor. In the meantime, the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-9 and PARP (poly-ADP-ribose polymerase) cleavage were decreased after AIF knockdown. Especially, mitochondrion was suggested to be the direct target of DHTS and OXPHOS complex III but not OXPHOS complex I was probably the acting site of DHTS. / In accordance with the results obtained in vitro, the potential anti-colon cancer activity of DHTS was also observed in nude mice with xenograft tumors and the compound did not produce any observable systemic toxicity. DHTS efficiently delayed tumor growth by decreasing the tumor size and weight through the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells but not by inhibition of cell proliferation. In the same tissues, a distinct activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7 in tumor cells was also detected by immunofluorescence assay. / Collectively, the present study provides preliminary information about the SAR of the anti-colon cancer activity for tanshinones. It also confirms that DHTS is a promising compound for anti-cancer action both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, this study gives us a better understanding regarding the mechanisms of how DHTS induces apoptosis in cancer cells. All these findings could provide solid pre-clinical evidence to propel the development and application of DHTS and perhaps its derivatives as novel therapeutic or adjuvant agents for the treatment of colon cancer. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Wang, Lin. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-132). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Wang, Lin.

A method is presented for the simultaneous identification of nine compounds in samples of A. membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. Compounds identified in the extracts of the two plants included glycosides, saponins and flavonoids. They are identified as Calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (C1), Ononin (C2), (6aR,11aR)-3-hydroxy- 9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (C3), (3R)-7,2'-dihydr- oxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (C4), Calycosin (C6), Astragaloside IV (C5 ), Formononetin (C7), (6aR,11a R)-3-hydroxy-9,10-di-methoxypterocarpan (C8), and Isomucronulatol (C9). / An HPLC-DAD-MS method is proposed for the differentiation of Rhizoma Coptidis and Cortex Phellodendri samples. This method can also be used to identify two common species of Rhizome Coptidis, i.e., C. chinensis and C. deltoidea, and two species of Cortex Phellodendri, i.e., P. chinensis and P. amurense. From the experiment results, there are thirteen, twelve and seven common components found in samples Rhizoma Coptidis, P. amurense and P. chinensis, respectively. Nine compounds in Rhizoma Coptidis were identified to be alkaloids. The common components in Cortex Phellodendri included four alkaloids and two lactones, i.e., obaculacotone and obacunone, present in all samples of P. amurense. / High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass-Spectrometry has been applied to the analysis and standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines. The applications included quantitative study of Astragaloside in Radix Astragali, investigation on the chromatographic fingerprint of Radix Astragali, differentiation of Cortex Phellodendri and Rhizoma Coptidis, and identification of constituents in Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction. / In the quantitative study of Astragaloside, an Multiple Reaction Monitoring scan mode was used. The linearity between 2 and 500 mg/L is 0.9996. The precision of injection and reproducibility of method is 1.72% and 3.27% respectively. A total of 20 samples from local market and mainland China were analyzed and the results are comparable to those obtained from HPLC-ELSD analysis. / The present study also proposed a HPLC separation and online identification for the 15 constituents in a composite Chinese herbal formula, the Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction. It provided a possible starting point to evaluate related herbal preparations containing Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae and Rhizoma Rhei. Thirteen constituents in the decoction were identified, including five major alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis, five anthraquinones from Rhizoma Rhei and two favonoids and one glycoside from Radix Scutellariae. / "November 2007." / Adviser: Chi Chun Tao. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: B, page: 4726. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-200). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

病原體感染是包括植物的高等生物的主要健康危害之一。為抵禦入侵者，大多數植物會製造防禦蛋白，包括凝集素、蛋白酶抑製劑、抗真菌蛋白、核糖核酸酶和核糖體失活蛋白，並分佈在不同的器官，如葉、根、種子和塊莖。一些植物防禦蛋白被發現能表現出多種生物活性，如抗腫瘤活性、抗細菌活性和抗病毒活性，能抵抗多種植物病原菌和人類病原體。因此，一些植物防禦蛋白可能有潛力用於治療人類疾病，或保護農作物免受感染。 / 我們在研究中從不同的植物來源成功純化出各種防禦蛋白，包括：小芋頭塊莖中的血凝素、日本長芋中的凝集素、東北紅豆中的血凝素和抗真菌多肽、棕色芸豆中的凝集素、抗真菌多肽和胰蛋白酶抑製劑，玉豆一號中的凝集素以及小斑豆中的胰蛋白酶抑製劑。小芋頭血凝素被發現能誘導脾細胞的有絲分裂反應。日本長芋凝集素和東北紅豆血凝素被發現能對一些腫瘤細胞株（如乳腺癌MCF7細胞及鼻咽癌CNE2細胞）發揮抗增殖的作用。棕色芸豆凝集素能誘導脾臟細胞的有絲分裂反應以及抑制腫瘤細胞株（如乳腺癌MCF7細胞、肝癌HepG2及鼻咽癌CNE1和 CNE2細胞）的生長，而棕色芸豆抗真菌蛋白能抑制數種病原真菌物種的生長。研究這些防禦蛋白的生物活性有助找出其潛在應用價值，如藥用前景。 / Infection from pathogens is one of the major health hazards in higher organisms including plants. To defend against harmful invaders, most plants produce a variety of defense proteins including lectins, protease inhibitors, antifungal proteins, ribonucleases and ribosome-inactivating proteins. They may be present in different organs of the plants, such as leaves, roots, seeds and tubers. Some of the plant defense proteins were found to exhibit a variety of biological activities such as anti-tumor activity, anti-bacterial activity and anti-viral activity that act against various plant pathogens and also some human pathogens. Therefore, some plant defense proteins may have potential for therapeutic applications in human diseases, or protecting the crops from infections. / This study involved purification of defense proteins from different plant sources. The proteins that were successfully isolated included a hemagglutinin from small taro tubers, a lectin from Japanese yam tubers, a lectin and an antifungal peptide from northeast red beans, a lectin, an antifungal peptide and a trypsin inhibitor from brown kidney beans, a lectin from French bean cultivar no. 1 and a trypsin inhibitor from mini pinto beans. The small taro hemagglutinin was found to induce mitogenic response in splenocytes. The Japanese yam lectin and northeast red bean hemagglutinin were found to exert anti-proliferative activity toward some tumor cell lines including MCF7 and CNE2 cells. The brown kidney bean lectin induced a mitogenic response from murine splenocytes as well as inhibited the growth of tumor cell lines including MCF7, HepG2, CNE1 and CNE2 cells, while the brown kidney bean antifungal protein inhibited the growth of several pathogenic fungal species including M. arachidicola, S. turcica and B. maydis. Studying the biological activities of these defense proteins helps to find out their potential applications like therapeutic uses. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chan, Yau Sang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves i-xvii). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i-ii / 論文摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / List of Publications --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi-vii / List of Figures --- p.viii-ix / List of Tables --- p.x / List of Abbreviations --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction on plant defense proteins / Chapter 1.1 --- General introduction to plant defense proteins --- p.1-2 / Chapter 1.2 --- An overview on lectins --- p.3-18 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- History of lectins --- p.3-6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Classification of lectins --- p.7-11 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Biological activities of lectins --- p.12-16 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Applications of plant lectins --- p.16-18 / Chapter 1.3 --- An overview on defensins --- p.18-25 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Types of defensins --- p.18-21 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Mechanism of anti-microbial activity of defensins --- p.22-23 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Application of defensins --- p.23-25 / Chapter 1.4 --- An overview on trypsin inhibitors --- p.25-38 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Serpins --- p.26-28 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Kunitz-type protease inhibitors --- p.29-31 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors --- p.32-34 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Physiological functions of protease inhibitors --- p.35-38 / Chapter 1.5 --- Aim of study --- p.38-41 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Isolation and characterization of a hemagglutinin from small taros and a lectin from yam tubers / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.42-45 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.46-55 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.56-78 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.79-84 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Isolation and characterization of two defense proteins from seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. “northeast red bean“ / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.85-86 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.87-93 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.93-119 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.120-129 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Isolation and characterization of three defense proteins from seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. “brown kidney bean“ / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.130-131 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.131-136 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.136-175 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.176-189 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Isolation and characterization of a lectin from French bean cultivar no. 1 beans and a trypsin inhibitor from mini pinto beans / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.190-191 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.191-194 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.195-212 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.213-221 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- General discussion / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary on purification protocols of the defense proteins in the study --- p.222-228 / Chapter 6.2 --- Chemical properties of the defense proteins in the study --- p.228-232 / Chapter 6.3 --- Biological activities of the defense proteins in the study --- p.232-238 / Chapter 6.4 --- Potential application of these defense proteins and future perspectives --- p.238-242 / References --- p.i-xvi

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIANE MARIA BER.pdf: 4116262 bytes, checksum: 58a85b36bbcbe8e5b731b5c3d9014a71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-14 / The aim of the present work was to carry out an ethnopharmacological survey of the vegetal species used by the inhabitants of the municipality of Céu Azul (located in the extreme west of the State of Paraná, Brazil). A specific questionnaire was used to get the referring data to the uses and ways of preparation of the species used as medicinal. During the interviews, the plant material (exsiccate) was collected in duplicate with the aid of the informers for posterior identification and deposit in the Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba. The uses of 47 species pertaining to 12 botanical families were surveyed in this field research. One of the main objectives of the present work was to evaluate the possible use of forest medicinal species in Céu Azul, especially because an extensive area of the municipality belongs to the National Park of the Iguaçu. However, th 47 plants cited by the population can be divided in a group with 42 exotic species and another one with only 6 Brazilian plants, and none of which is being removed from the reserve. The data base of The International Plant Names Index was used to prevent inappropriate botanical names and to verify the current use of synonyms. A survey of the scientific information on the chemical composition and bioactivity was carried out for each cited species. The main source of scientific information for this work was the data base of the Institute of Scientific Information and the Chemical Abstracts on-line. In general, the Céu Azul population makes use of medicinal plants sufficiently known in the scientific sense, but there is also the use of little studied species. For four of the cited species (Alternanthera bettzickiana, Alternanthera dentata, Plectranthus neochilus, Tradescantia pallida), we could not find any scientific reference on its bioactivity. The results of this survey have been concomitantly interpreted as indicative for the election of one of these species, sufficiently known for the Céu Azul population, for deepening of study in the chemistry area. The chemical composition of the essential oil of Plectranthus neochilus was determined using gas chromatography techniques coupled to mass spectrometry. The main components were the monoterpenes α-pinene (9.7), thujene (9.0), terpin-4-ol (4.8) and sabinene (4.7); the sesquiterpenes caryophyllene (19.9) and caryophyllene oxide (15.5); and the diterpene methyl communate (4.4). The presence of pinene and caryophyllene as principal components of the essential oil could be related to the traditional use of Plectranthus against stomach ache. Keywords: medicinal plants, Céu Azul, ethnopharmacology, Plectranthus neochilus, essential oil, GC-MS. / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento etnofarmacológico de espécies vegetais utilizadas pelos moradores do município de Céu Azul (localizado no extremo oeste do Paraná). Utilizou-se um questionário específico para obter os dados referentes aos usos e modos de preparo das espécies utilizadas como medicinais. Durante as entrevistas, o material vegetal (exsicata) foi coletado em duplicata com o auxílio dos informantes para posterior identificação e depósito no Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba. Na pesquisa de campo foi constatada a utilização de 47 espécies pertencentes a 12 famílias botânicas. Um dos principais propósitos do presente levantamento foi avaliar o possível uso de espécies medicinais florestais no município de Céu Azul, especialmente porque uma extensa área do município pertence ao Parque Nacional do Iguaçu. No entanto, as 47 plantas citadas pela população ceuazulense podem ser divididas em um grupo com 42 espécies exóticas e outro com apenas 6 plantas brasileiras, nenhuma das quais é retirada da reserva. Utilizou-se o banco de dados do The International Plant Names Index para evitar incorreções nos binômios botânicos e verificar o uso atual de sinônimos. Para cada espécie citada, foi realizado um levantamento das informações científicas sobre a composição química e a bioatividade. As principais fontes de informações científicas foram o banco de dados do Institute for Scientific Information e o Chemical Abstracts on-line. Em geral, a população de Céu Azul faz uso de plantas medicinais bastante conhecidas no meio científico, mas há também a utilização de espécies pouco estudadas. Para quatro das espécies utilizadas (Alternanthera bettzickiana, Alternanthera dentata, Plectranthus neochilus, Tradescantia pallida), não foram encontradas referências científicas sobre suas bioatividades. Desta forma, os resultados deste levantamento foram concomitantemente interpretados como indicativos para a seleção de uma destas espécies, bastante conhecida e utilizada pela população de Céu Azul, para aprofundamento de estudo, Plectranthus neochilus. Determinou-se a composição química do óleo essencial das folhas desta espécie vegetal por técnicas de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. Os principais componentes encontrados foram os monoterpenos pineno (9,7), tujeno (9,0), terpinen-4-ol (4,8) e sabineno (4,7); os sesquiterpenos cariofileno (19,9) e óxido de cariofileno (15,5); e o diterpeno comunato de metila (4,4). A ocorrência de pineno e cariofileno como principais componentes do óleo essencial pode estar relacionada ao uso tradicional desta espécie vegetal contra dores estomacais.

Les parasites sont une partie très importante des écosystèmes, néanmoins, dans certains cas tels que l’aquaculture ils causent des épidémies. Dans cette thèse j’ai étudié les interactions hôte-parasite chez les poissons coralliens, dans les milieux naturels et les milieux aquacoles. J’ai étudié l’arrangement des communautés de 13 espèces de monogènes de 34 espèces de poissons papillon dans l’Indo-Pacifique. Les résultats montrent qu’il existe un patron de distribution stable des espèces, ce qui, combiné avec les résultats de l’étude biogéographique, suggère que la spécificité parasitaire observée a pu se développer tout au long des épisodes biogéographiques passés. Notamment, seule une espèce, Chaetodon lunulatus, n’est jamais parasitée. J’ai étudié le mucus des poissons qui est décrit comme la première ligne de défense contre des agressions externes, pour analyser quels facteurs de C. lunulatus pourraient être reliés à l’absence des parasites. Le microbiome et le métabolome du mucus branchial des poissons papillons montrent une grande diversité. C. lunulatus présente une plus grande abondance de Fusobactéries qui est corrélée avec une surexpression de peptides pouvant dériver de la β-hémoglobine. La purification, la synthèse et l’évaluation des activités antiparasitaires des peptides sont en cours au laboratoire. J’ai aussi étudié l’utilisation des plantes médicinales comme alternative à des traitements chimiques dans l’aquaculture. J’ai testé l’activité antibactérienne et immunostimulatrice de plusieurs plantes et algues polynésiennes. L’algue rouge Asparagopsis taxiformis montre de fortes activités antibactériennes sur Vibrio harveyi et Tenacibaculum maritimum et induit une augmentation de l’expression de deux gènes liés à l’immunité chez Platax orbicularis. / Fish parasites are an important part of ecosystems, however, in certain cases such as in aquaculture they can cause severe disease outbreaks. In this thesis I have studied host-parasite interactions in coral reef fishes, both in the natural and culture environments. I have studied the distribution of 13 dactylogyrid species from 34 butterflyfishes in the Indo West-Pacific. Composition of dactylogyrid communities was host specific and together with the biogeography results, where a turnover in the main Haliotrema species was observed, suggest that parasite specificity might result from host-parasite coevolution derived from past biogeographical episodes. Only one butterflyfish species, Chaetodon lunulatus, was never found parasitized by gill monogeneans. I have studied the butterflyfish mucus, which is the first barrier against pathogens, to investigate the C. lunulatus factors that might be related to the monogenean absence. Butterflyfish gill microbiome and metabolome revealed a high diversity. C. lunulatus presented a significantly higher abundance of Fusobacteria which was correlated to a higher expression of potentially derived β-hemoglobin peptides. Synthesis and evaluation of the peptide antiparasitic activities are being performed in the laboratory. I have also studied the use of medicinal plants as an alternative to chemotherapy in fish aquaculture. I investigated the antibacterial and immunostimulant activities of several local Polynesian plants and algae, and I found that Asparagopsis taxiformis displayed a potent antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi and Tenacibaculum maritmum and increased expression of two immune-related genes in Platax orbicularis.