This work deals with faults, errors and failures, which can occur during manufacturing and long term operation. Work describes the various failures and fault models. There are some approaches to get fault tolerant systems, mainly in hardware. The thesis continues with a summary of methods for ALU software testing. The last chapter is about tests generation for microcontroller MSP430.

The text is focused on development induction heating coltroller. The motivation to create such a device was to correct deficiencies and add the necessary functionality for a device of this type. This was achieved mainly by adding the graphic display and USB interface. Graphic TFT display with buttons and a rotary encoder creates user interface. Part of the control unit is also circuit evaluateing temperature from three thermocouples. The paper dealt with the optimal solution for power supply, communication between control unit and power part, way of controlling graphical TFT display and selection of other components. The core is of course, suitable microcontroller, which manage all parts of the device.

This Master‘s thesis is dedicated to the design and modernization of the control of production line for the small-lot production of various plastic products. As a control unit will be used 8-bit microcontroller ATmega128. This thesis also deals with design of the needful electronics to control the production line by using appropriate elements and necessary software solution.

This diploma thesis deals with the design and control of the mobile robot with caterpillar tracks on the basis of information obtained via infrared thermocouple. The work includes firmware implementation for robot chassis control and communication with the sensors used. The functionality of the proposed system is demonstrated on a robotic task when the robot is searching the source of excessive heat within his surroundings. The theoretical part deals with the basic description of the common robotic chassis, contactless temperature measurement, further analysis of the components used and their principles. The practical part is devoted to the firmware implementation and detailed description of selected problems. In the end of the thesis there is a summarization of the achievements and the success of the robot while detection of the suspicious objects with high surface temperature.

This thesis describes circuit design and realization for differential control of mobile robot. Control system is based on microcontroller STM32 of company STMicroelectronics, which selection is discussed too. Part of the work thesis is description issues concerning differential control of mobile robot, DC motor cotrol with incremental encoder including cascade control and implementation of cotrol algorithms.

This paper describes the development of an experiment to test the characteristics and functionality of Silicon Carbide (SiC) components in a space environment. The experiment is a part the "Miniature Student Satellite" (MIST) project, and the "Work on Venus" project, both situated at KTH, Stockholm, Sweden The paper primarily covers the development and implementation of the experiments microcontroller and its software, whilst the construction and development of the test circuit for the transistors is carried out at the same time by another team, and therefore described in a separate paper. A microcontroller is selected for this experiment after consideration is taken to both the Low Earth Orbit environment where the experiment will take place, end the power consumption restrictions due to the limited amount of power available at the satellite itself. The software on the microcontroller is then developed to read temperature and voltage input from the different transistors under test, and transform the input data to a readable format sent to the satellites On Board Computer, which can then communicate the readings to the Earth Base Station. Apart from the software of the SiC experiment, a similar software solution on a similar microcontroller is developed for another experiment called MOREBAC, which will be placed on the same satellite. The main difference between the MOREBAC project and SiC in Space will be the type of data read on the input, the number of inputs and the format of the package sent to the On Board Computer. The final stage of the work for this thesis is the design and construction of a Printed Circuit Board. The board contains the microcontroller and connected components, the transistors to be tested, as well as power supplying components, covered in yet another thesis work. / Den här rapporten beskriver utvecklingen av ett experiment vars uppgift är att testa karaktäristiken och funktionaliteten hos Kiselkarbid(SiC)-komponenter i rymden. Experimentet, som går under namnet SiC in Space, är en del av "Minitature Student Satellite"-projektet (MIST), samt projektet "Working on Venus", vilka båda utförs på KTH, Stockholm, Sverige. Rapporten avhandlar huvudsakligen utvecklingen och implementationen av experimentets mikrokontroller samt den tillhörande mjukvaran, samtidigt som testkretsen för den transistor som undersökts utvecklades i ett annat projekt, och är således avhandlat i en annan rapport. En mikrokontroller valdes ut för projektet baserat både klimatet i "Low Earth Orbit" där satelliten kommer att befinna sig, samt de krav som ställdes på strömförbrukningen baserat på den begränsade strömförsörjningen på själva satelliten. Mjukvaran på mikrokontrollern utvecklades sedan för att avläsa temperaturvärden och spänningsnivåer vid testpunkter på transistorerna, för att sedan översätta denna data till ett läsbart format samt skicka den till satellitens omborddator, som i sin tur kan skicka datan till basstationen på jorden. Utöver den mjukvara som utvecklats till SiC in Space, utvecklades även en liknande lösning för ett annat experiment på satelliten, kallat MOREBAC. Den huvudsakliga skillnaden mellan de två mjukvarulösningarna är att de testpunkter som ska läsas av på MOREBAC skiljer sig både i antal och i utförande från de testpunkter som ska läsas på SiC in Space, samt det datapaket som sedan skickas till omborddatorn. Det slutgiltiga steget under detta projekt var sedan att designa och konstruera ett kretskort (PCB). Kretskortet innehåller både den mikrokontroller som avhandlas i denna rapport, transistorerna som ska testas, samt en strömförsörjningslösning som utvecklats i ytterligare ett parallellt projekt.

Optical sensors are among the sensors that are often used for distance measurements. An optical distance sensor is basically made of a light emitter (Tx) such as a light emitting diode (LED), a light receiver (Rx) such as a photosensitive transistor, and a circuit supporting the operation of the Tx and Rx. The distance measurement is made using the reflection technique in which the Tx emits a light to a target and the Rx receives the reflected light from the target. When designing such a sensor, the factors that affect the performance of measurements need to be taken into account. Among them are light intensity and wavelength. The purpose of this thesis project is to investigate and evaluate the optical sensors, in application towards distance measurement. To this purpose, three pairs of LEDs and phototransistors are selected which three distance sensors are made of. The lights from three LEDs have the wavelengths of 830, 880, and 940 nm, respectively, which are all in the infrared (IR) spectrum.  A circuit was made for each sensor in order to read the measurements and then calculate the distances, and then tested in a testbench. The testbench has a metal plate used as a measurement target which can be moved up and down by a motor. Each of the circuits was placed on the testbench’s base, and a microcontroller (Arduino Uno R3) was used to read the measurement of voltage (proportional to the light intensity) from the Rx as the distance to the target changes up to one meter. The measurement data is then presented on a graphical interface to analyse the relationship of light intensity with distance. Curve fitting and optimization techniques are applied to the data to construct a smooth function that approximately fits the data. An operating range where the distance can be reliably determined is determined for each unit. The circuit design and technique was proven to work for operating ranges up to one meter. A limited moving range of the testbench does not allow for experiments at distances higher than one meter and the microcontroller is ill fit for measuring low voltages, but these can be addressed by improving the measuring environment without changing the underlying technique. The test results of the distance measurement reveal that the three sensors give similar distance estimations between different configurations over an operating range of up to 0.9 meters. Future work should consider improving the circuit design to reduce power ripple and increasing operating range.

In the presence of ionizing particles and other high-energy atomic sources, many electronic and computer systems fail. Single event upsets (SEUs) can be mitigated through hardware and/or software methods. Previous research at BYU has introduced COAST, a compiler-based tool that can automatically add software protection schemes to improve fault coverage of programs. This thesis will expand on the work already done with the COAST project by proving its effectiveness across multiple platforms and benchmarks. The ability to automatically add fault protection to arbitrary user programs will be very valuable for many application designers. The results presented herein show that mean work to failure (MWTF) of an application can increase from 1.2x – 36x when protected by COAST. In addition to the results based on bare metal applications, in this thesis we will show that it is both possible and profitable to protect a real-time operating system with COAST. We present experimental results which show that our protection scheme gives a 2x – 100x improvement in MWTF. We also present a fault injection framework that allows for rapid and reliable testing of multiple protection schemes across different benchmarks. The code setup used in this paper is publicly available. We make it public in the hope that it will be useful for others doing similar research to have a concrete starting point.

Interconnected devices are becoming attractive solutions to integrate physical parameters and making them more accessible for further analysis. Edge devices, located at the end of the physical world, measure and transfer data to the remote server using either wired or wireless communication. The exploding number of sensors, being used in the Internet of Things (IoT), medical fields, or industry, are demanding huge bandwidth and computational capabilities in the cloud, to be processed by Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) – especially, processing audio, video and images from hundreds of edge devices. Additionally, continuous transmission of information to the remote server not only hampers privacy but also increases latency and takes more power. Deep Neural Network (DNN) is proving to be very effective for cognitive tasks, such as speech recognition, object detection, etc., and attracting researchers to apply it in edge devices. Microcontrollers and single-board computers are the most commonly used types of edge devices. These have gone through significant advancements over the years and capable of performing more sophisticated computations, making it a reasonable choice to implement DNN. In this thesis, a DNN model is trained and implemented for Keyword Spotting (KWS) on two types of edge devices: a bare-metal embedded device (microcontroller) and a robot car. The unnecessary components and noise of audio samples are removed, and speech features are extracted using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Co-efficient (MFCC). In the bare-metal microcontroller platform, these features are efficiently extracted using Digital Signal Processing (DSP) library, which makes the calculation much faster. A Depth wise Separable Convolutional Neural Network (DSCNN) based model is proposed and trained with an accuracy of about 91% with only 721 thousand trainable parameters. After implementing the DNN on the microcontroller, the converted model takes only 11.52 Kbyte (2.16%) RAM and 169.63 Kbyte (8.48%) Flash of the test device. It needs to perform 287,673 Multiply-and-Accumulate (MACC) operations and takes about 7ms to execute the model. This trained model is also implemented on the robot car, Jetbot, and designed a voice-controlled robotic vehicle. This robot accepts few selected voice commands-such as “go”, “stop”, etc. and executes accordingly with reasonable accuracy. The Jetbot takes about 15ms to execute the KWS. Thus, this study demonstrates the implementation of Neural Network based KWS on two different types of edge devices: a bare-metal embedded device without any Operating System (OS) and a robot car running on embedded Linux OS. It also shows the feasibility of bare-metal offline KWS implementation for autonomous systems, particularly autonomous vehicles.<br>

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