This report presents the design of a conceptual prototype aimed at identifying keys in specific positions inside a cabinet utilizing Radio-frequency identification (RFID)technology. The prototype integrates RFID readers, managed by a microcontroller unit(MCU), establishing a backend peripheral system. The cabinet is made of steel, and given RFID’s sensitivity to nearby metal, experimentation was conducted to evaluate the impact of metal proximity on the reading range. Experimental results reveal a reduction in the reading range of 15 mm (43%) by one metal sheet and 26 mm (74%) by two metal sheets present, highlighting the relation between RFID technology and metallic environments. Additionally, the finished prototype is also presented in the Results and Discussion section, giving a more detailed insight into its practical implementation. This project demonstrates the viability of item-level identification through the utilization of low-frequency readers. Particularly relevant for positional identification, the short reading range of a low-frequency reader offers precision by limiting the area in which a detected transponder may be located. / Denna rapport presenterar designen av en konceptuell prototyp avsedd att identifiera nycklar på specifika positioner i ett skåp med användning av Radio-frequency identification (RFID) teknologi. Prototypen integrerar RFID läsare, hanterade av en microcontroller unit (MCU), och etablerar ett perifert backendsystem. Skåpet är gjort av stål, och givet RFIDs känslighet mot nära metal har experiment utförts för att utvärdera hur metallen påverkar en läsares omfång. Experimentella resultat avslöjar en reduktion i läsarens omfång på 15 mm (43%) med en metallplatta och 26 mm (74%) med tvåmetallplattor närvarande. Dessutom presenteras den färdiga prototypen i Resultat och Diskussionsdelen, för att ge en mer detaljerad insyn på dess praktiska implementation. Detta projektet demonstrerar genomförbarheten av identifikation på artikelnivå genomanvändandet av lågfrekvens läsare. Särskilt relevant för positionell identifikation är det korta omfånget av en lågfrekvens läsare, då detta erbjuder precision genom att begränsaområdet där en transponder kan lokaliseras.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are popular for their wide scope of application domains ranging from agricultural, medical, defense, industrial, social, mining, etc. Many of these applications are in outdoor type environments that are unregulated and unpredictable, thus, potentially hostile or physically harsh for sensors. The popularity of WSNs stems from their fundamental concept of being low cost and ultra-low power wireless devices that can monitor and report sensor readings with little user intervention, which has led to greater demand for WSN deployment in harsh industrial environments. We argue that there are a new set of architectural challenges and requirements imposed on the hardware, software, and network architecture of a wireless sensor platform to operate effectively under harsh industrial environments, which are not met by currently available WSN platforms. We propose a new sensor platform, called Sprouts. Sprouts is a readily deployable, physically rugged, volumetrically miniature, modular, network standard, plug-and-play (PnP), and easy to use sensor platform that will assist university researchers, developers, and industrial companies to evaluate WSN applications in the field, and potentially bring about new application domains that were previously difficult to accomplish using off the shelf WSN development platforms. Therefore, we addresses the inherent requirements and challenges across the hardware, software, and network layer required for designing and implementing Sprouts sensor platform for harsh industrial environments. We fully implement the hardware, network, and software architecture for the Sprouts platform and verify that they meet the requirements for harsh environments. We deploy the Sprouts platform customized with our PnP ultrasound sensor module in an industrial application to monitor the health conditions of Syncrude's vibration screens operating under extreme harsh conditions. Sprouts has been showcased in OCE Discovery 2011, and has been proven to be extremely valuable for industrial mining companies such as Syncrude. / Thesis (Ph.D, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-28 16:14:48.223

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This research involves the development of a human-body motion tracking system constructed with the use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) compo-nents. The problem to be solved is that the data from the motion tracking sensors must be transmitted wirelessly in real time from a microcontroller to a server computer. Due to the fact that the microcontroller does not support a standard OS, widely used PCMCIA cards or USB wireless modules cannot be used. The wireless communication module chosen for this purpose is the DPAC airborne, a highly integrated 802.11b module that can be easily integrated with the microcon-troller. The evaluation of the module was completed in four stages. The first part was to initiate communication with the DPAC module. The second part was to establish communication between the DPAC module and a TCP server. The third part was to establish communication between the microcontroller and the DPAC module. The fourth part was to increase the baud-rate to the desired high value of 230,400 bps. The evaluation result indicates that the DPAC airborne module meets the wireless communication requirements of the motion tracking system. / Lieutenant, Hellenic Navy

Depuis son apparition dans les années 70, les cartes à puce ont envahi le marché mondial, leur utilisation n'a cessé d'augmenter et de se diversifier. Sans forcément nous en rendre compte, chacun de nous en a plusieurs dans son portefeuille, son sac, son attaché-case… Toutes ces cartes ont pour point commun le fait de contenir des informations sur son titulaire qui servent à son identification dans les différentes actions qu'il souhaite effectuer. Ces informations sont présentes sur la piste magnétique et/ou la puce embarquée dans la carte. Avec les progrès technologiques actuels et plus précisément la miniaturisation des composants électroniques, nous sommes de plus en plus amenés à voir des composants complexes embarqués dans des cartes à puce pour satisfaire des besoins en ressources plus grands pour des applications de plus en plus sophistiquées. L'utilisation croissante du nombre des systèmes embarqués sur une carte à puce amène à prendre en compte différentes contraintes lors de la conception. Tout d'abord, il y a celles liées aux systèmes embarqués standards, telles que la surface, la consommation et la rapidité d'exécution. Ensuite viennent celles liées à la carte à puce en elle-même, des spécificités liées à l'épaisseur et aux contraintes mécaniques. On retrouve également des contraintes de consommation et de surface. L'apparition du sans-contact a révolutionné le domaine de la carte à puce. Plus besoin d'introduire la carte dans un lecteur pour lire les informations. Les données ne transitent plus par la puce mais via l'air grâce à une antenne intégrée. Il suffit de se trouver à proximité du lecteur sans forcément sortir la carte de poche ou du sac. Elles sont connues sous le nom de cartes RFID pour Radio Frequency Identification ou identifiction par radio fréquence. D'autres contraintes de conception sont alors apparues : choix de la fréquence à laquelle va se faire la communication et l'échange des données, la géométrie de l'antenne, le choix du tag… Tous les composants ont besoin d'une source d'alimentation. Les circuits RFID basiques dits passifs puisent leur énergie dans le champ magnétique produit à proximité du lecteur mais la complexité de certains circuits nécessite la présence d'une source d'alimentation intégrée dans la carte, dans ce cas les circuits sont désignés par actifs. En général, ce sont des batteries fines et flexibles qui sont utilisées. Là aussi, la technologie a fait d'immenses progrès et des batteries plus fines et avec de plus grandes capacités voient le jour. Ce sont ces batteries qui viennent alimenter les composants de la carte. Tous ces éléments constituent un véritable circuit électronique.Cette thèse industrielle a pour but dans un premier temps de concevoir un circuit électronique embarqué dans une carte au format bancaire en répondant à un cahier des charges bien défini tout en prenant en compte les différentes contraintes imposées par ce format. Ce circuit se devra d'être flexible, autonome et consommant le moins d'énergie possible. Dans un deuxième temps, une fois le produit réalisé et validé le but est de l'optimiser en proposant des solutions afin de faire gagner du temps en amont de la conception par exemple ou en proposant des modèles simples mais qui prennent en compte toutes les contraintes liées à ce type d'applications. / Since its emergence in the 70s , smart cards have invaded the world market , their use has been steadily increasing and diversifying . Without necessarily realizing it , each of us has more than one in his wallet, bag, his briefcase ...All these cards have in common the fact of containing information about the holder, which can be used for identification in the different activities they want to perform . These information is present on the magnetic stripe and / or on the chip embedded in the card. With current technology and more specifically the miniaturization of electronic components , we are seeing complex components embedded in smart cards to meet greater needs for resources for applications increasingly sophisticated .The increasing use of on-board on a smart card systems leads to take into account various constraints in the design . Firstly, there are those related to embedded systems standards , such as the area, consumption and speed of execution. Followed by those related to the smart card itself , specificities related to the thickness and mechanical stress . There are also the constraints of consumption and surface.The appearance of non-contact has revolutionized the field of smart card. No more Need to insert the card into a reader to get the information . The data are not routed by the chip but via air through an integrated antenna. You have to be near the reader without necessarily take the card out of a pocket. They are known as RFID cards for Radio Frequency Identification.Other design constraints then appeared : the choice of the frequency communication for data exchange, the geometry of the antenna , the choice of the tag ...All components require a power source . The basic circuits called passive RFID draw their energy from the magnetic field near the reader but the complexity of certain circuits requires the presence of an integrated power supply into the card, in this case the circuits are called active tags. In general , thin and flexible batteries are used. Again , technology has made tremendous progress and finer batteries with larger capacities emerged. All these elements constitute a real electronic circuit.This industrial thesis aims firstly to design an electronic circuit embedded in a bank card format meets the specifications defined taking into account the various constraints imposed by this format.This circuit must be flexible , autonomous and consuming the least possible energy.In a second step , once the product is produced and validated the goal is to optimize it proposing solutions to save time upstream design example or offering simple models, but taking into account all the constraints associated with this type of applications.

M. Tech. (Engineering, Electrical, Department Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technology / In order to facilitate sustainable development, it is necessary to further improve and increase the energy efficiency and use of renewable energy and its related technologies. The main limiting factors to the extensive use of photovoltaic (PV) modules include the high initial investment cost and the relatively low conversion efficiency. However, other factors, such as an increase in ambient temperature, exert a considerable negative influence on PV modules, with cell efficiencies decreasing as the cell’s operating temperature increases. Higher PV module surface temperatures mean lower output voltages and subsequent lower output power. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on optimizing the available output power from a PV module by investigating and controlling the effect that the PV module’s surface temperature exerts on the amount of electrical energy produced. A pilot study was conducted by using a PV module set to three different tilt angles with an orientation angle and temperature sensors placed at different points. This was done to determine temperature distribution on the PV module surfaces as well as identify which tilt angle produces the highest PV module surface temperature. The main study was designed to investigate the electrical performance of a PV module with different cooling systems (water and forced air) as against a referenced measurement (no cooling). The cooling systems will be switched on and off at specific time intervals with the help of an electronic timer circuit incorporating a PIC microcontroller. The pilot study was conducted for a 50 week period where the results indicated a direct correlation between temperature rise and voltage decrease. The PV module’s temperature is highest at a tilt angle of 16° during the day and lowest at night time. It further reveals that the PV module’s front and back surface temperature can be distinctly different, with the highest recorded values occurring at the back of the PV module. The main study was conducted for a period of 15 weeks with results indicating that the water cooling system resulted in an average higher output power of 49.6% when compared to the reference system (no cooling system). Recommendations are made that sufficient space should be included between the module frames and mounting structure to reduce high operating temperatures owing to poor air circulation.

Esta tese tem como foco o desenvolvimento de procedimentos analíticos automáticos, visando as determinações fotométricas de vanádio e de estanho em águas e em alimentos empregando o processo de multicomutação em fluxo. Um microcontrolador da família PIC e um programa escrito em linguagem Visual Basic 6.0 foram empregados para controle dos dispositivos e aquisição de dados. A unidade de detecção foi construída empregando LED de alto brilho e celas de fluxo com longo caminho óptico (50-200 mm) para ganho em sensibilidade. O módulo de análises, empregando bombas solenoide como propulsores de fluido e o fotômetro foram integrados, formando uma unidade compacta. A determinação de vanádio em águas, mineral e de rio, foi baseada na redução do V(V) à V(IV) com ácido ascórbico e posterior complexação com Eriocromo Cianina R (ECR). Empregando uma cela de 150 mm, o sistema apresentou resposta linear de 0,02 a 1,00 mg L-1, limite de detecção estimado em 13 ?g L-1, coeficiente de variação de 0,87% (n=10) e frequência analítica de 47 determinações por hora. Recuperações entre 89 e 109% foram obtidas para adição de V(V) nas amostras de águas. O procedimento para a determinação de estanho em alimentos foi desenvolvido empregando bomba de multi-seringa como unidade de propulsão de fluidos, cela de fluxo com caminho óptico de 200 mm e parada de fluxo de 50 s. Baseado na reação do Sn(IV) com o violeta de pirocatecol (PCV) na presença de surfactantes, o sistema apresentou resposta linear de 0,10 a 1,25 mg L-1, limite de detecção estimado em 0,04 mg L-1, coeficiente de variação de 1,30% (n=10) e frequência analítica de 49 determinações por hora. Recuperações entre 95 e 115% foram obtidas com a adição de Sn(IV) às amostras de alimentos. / Automatic analytical procedures for photometric determinations of vanadium in water and tin in foods were developed using the multicommutation flow analysis process. A microcontroller of the PIC family and a software written in Visual Basic 6.0 language were used for devices control and data acquisition. Detection unit was designed to use high brightness LED and long optical pathlength flow cells (50-200 mm) to improve sensitivity. The flow analysis module using solenoid mini-pumps as fluid propelling devices and the photometer were integrated in order to form a compact unit. The determination of vanadium in mineral and river waters was based on the reduction of V(V) to V(IV) with ascorbic acid and subsequent complexation with Eriochrome Cyanine R (ECR). Employing flow cell of 150 mm, the system presented linear response between 0.02 and 1.00 mg L-1, detection limit of 13 ?g L-1, variation coefficient of 0.87% (n=10) and sampling throughput of 47 determinations per hour. Recoveries between 89 and 109% were attained for vanadium spiked to mineral and river water. The procedure for determination of tin in foods was development employing a multi-syringe pump as fluid propelling device, a flow cell with optical pathlength of 200 mm and stop flow of 50 s. The procedure was based on the reaction of Sn(IV) with pyrocatechol violet (PCV) in the presence of surfactants, presented linear response between 0.10 and 1.25 mg L-1, detection limit of 0.04 mg L-1, variation coefficient of 1.30% (n=10) and sampling throughput of 49 determination per hour. Recoveries between 95 and 115% were attained for tin spiked samples

[pt] Esta dissertação investiga o uso de programação genética linear na síntese automática de programas em linguagem de montagem para microcontroladores, que implementem estratégias de controle de tempo ótimo ou sub-ótimo, do sistema a ser controlado, a partir da modelagem matemática por equações dinâmicas. Uma das dificuldades encontradas no projeto convencional de um sistema de controle ótimo é que soluções para este tipo de problema normalmente implicam em uma função altamente não-linear das variáveis de estado do sistema. Como resultado, várias vezes não é possível encontrar uma solução matemática exata. Já na implementação, surge a dificuldade de se ter que programar manualmente o microcontrolador para executar o controle desejado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi, portanto, contornar tais dificuldades através de uma metodologia que, a partir da modelagem matemática de uma planta, fornece como resultado um programa em linguagem de montagem. O trabalho consistiu no estudo sobre os possíveis tipos de representações para a manipulação genética de programas em linguagem de montagem, tendo sido concluído que a linear é a mais adequada, e na implementação de uma ferramenta para realizar os três estudos de caso: water bath, cart centering e pêndulo invertido. O desempenho de controle dos programas sintetizados foi comparado com o dos sistemas obtidos por outros métodos (redes neurais, lógica fuzzy, sistemas neurofuzzy e programação genética). Os programas sintetizados demonstraram, no mínimo, o mesmo desempenho, mas com a vantagem adicional de fornecerem a solução já no formato final da plataforma de implementação escolhida: um microcontrolador. / [en] This dissertation investigates the use of genetic programming in automatic synthesis of assembly language programs for microcontrollers, which implement time-optimal or sub-optimal control strategies of the system to be controlled, from the mathematical modeling by dynamic equations. One of the issues faced in conventional design of an optimal control system is that solutions for this kind of problem commonly involve a highly nonlinear function of the state variables of the system. As a result, frequently it is not possible to find an exact mathematical solution. On the implementation side, the difficulty comes when one has to manually program the microcontroller to run the desired control. Thus, the objective of this work was to overcome these difficulties applying a methodology that, starting from the mathematical modeling of a plant, provides as result an assembly language microcontroller program. The work included a study of the possible types of genetic representation for the manipulation of assembly language programs. In this regard, it has been concluded that the linear is the most suitable representation. The work also included the implementation of a tool to accomplish three study cases: water bath, cart centering and inverted pendulum. The performance of control of the synthesized programs was compared with the one obtained by other methods (neural networks, fuzzy logic, neurofuzzy systems and genetic programming). The synthesized programs achieved at least the same performance of the other systems, with the additional advantage of already providing the solution in the final format of the chosen implementation platform: a microcontroller.

Neste trabalho, é proposto o desenvolvimento de instrumentação e procedimentos analíticos automáticos para a determinação de fluoreto e arsênio em águas empregando o conceito de multicomutação em fluxo e detecção fotométrica. Na determinação de fluoreto, o controle dos dispositivos foi realizado empregando um computador, programado em QuickBasic 4.5. O fotômetro desenvolvido utilizava um fotodetector (OPT301), uma cela de fluxo com 60 mm de caminho óptico e um LED (\'lambda\' = 525 nm), usado como fonte de radiação. Os sinais gerados pelo fotômetro foram convertidos para digital empregando um multímetro digital, que os transferia para o computador através da interface serial RS-232. O procedimento para a determinação de fluoreto foi baseado no método de zircônio/ vermelho de alizarina S, onde o fluoreto retira o zircônio da estrutura metal ligante formando um complexo incolor. Após a seleção das variáveis de controle, o procedimento proposto apresentou resposta linear na faixa de 0,25 a 1,75 mg L-1 (LD = 0,06 mg L-1), desvio relativo menor que 3,5%, freqüência de amostragem de 45 h-1. No sistema para determinação de arsênio em águas, o controle do módulo de análise foi realizado utilizando um microcontrolador da série PIC 18F2553, o qual contém um conversor A/D interno de 12 bits de resolução e capacidade de operar com taxa de amostragem de até 100.000 s-1. O mesmo recebia os parâmetros de controle por um computador via USB 2.0, que utilizava a mesma interface para transferir os dados provenientes do fotômetro. O software para essa comunicação foi escrito em Delphi 7.0 e a linguagem C foi utilizada para a programação do microcontrolador. Como sistema de detecção foi o mesmo empregado na determinação de fluoreto, utilizando um LED (\'lambda\' = 625 nm) como fonte de radiação. O procedimento proposto para a determinação de arsênio foi baseado na reação do arsênio inorgânico com boro-hidreto, onde a arsina formada reagia com azul de metileno em meio micelar. A descoloração da solução de azul de metileno era proporcional à concentração de arsênio presente na amostra. A procedimento proposto apresentou resposta linear na faixa de 2,5 a 40 \'mü\'g L-1 (r = -0,995), limite de detecção de 0,3 \'mü\'g L-1, desvio relativo menor que 6,5 %, freqüência de amostragem de 25 h-1. / The development of instrumentation and automatic procedures for the determination of arsenic and fluoride in waters by using flow multicommutation and photometric detection were proposed. For fluoride determination, the system was controlled by a microcomputer equipped with MS-Dos environment and running a software written in Quick Basic 4.5. It was used a homemade photometric detector OPT301, a 60 mm pathway flow cell, and a light emitting diode (\'lambda\' = 525 nm) as light source. Data acquisition was performed by using a digital multimeter and a microcomputer with RS- 232 serial interface. The method was based on a complexation reaction between fluoride and alizarin red S, where the fluoride takes out the zircon from the metal-binding moieties resulting in color bleaching. After optimization of parameters, the procedure provided linear response in the 0.25 to 1.75 mg L-1 range, limit of detection of 0.06 mg L- 1, coefficient of variation lower than 3.5 %, and sample throughput of 45 determinations per hour. For arsenic determination, the control module was performed by using a PIC 18F2553 microcontroller equipped with a 12 bits resolving power A/D internal converter, working at 100,000 sampling per second rate. Data acquisition was performed by a microcomputer equipped with Windows environment and running a software written in Delphi 7.0. A LED (\'lambda\' = 625 nm), as radiation source, was used for As determinations by using the same detection system used for fluoride determination. The method for As determination was based on the color bleaching of methylene blue in micellar media by AsH3 produced from inorganic As and NaBH4. The color bleaching of methylene blue was proportional to As concentration in the sample. The proposed method provided linear response in the 2.5 to 40 \'mü\'g L-1 range, limit of detection of 0,3 \'mü\'g L-1, coefficient of variation lower than 6.5 %, and sample throughput of 25 determinations per hour.

"Health monitoring of structures by experimental modal analysis is typically performed with piezoelectric based transducers. These transducers are usually heavy, large in size, and require high power to operate, all of which reduce their versatility and applicability to small components and structures. The advanced developments of microfabrication and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have lead to progressive designs of small footprint, low dynamic mass and actuation power, and high-resolution inertial sensors. Because of their small dimensions and masses, MEMS inertial sensors could potentially replace the piezoelectric transducers for experimental modal analysis of small components and structures. To transfer data from MEMS inertial sensors to signal analyzers, traditional wiring methods may be utilized. Such methods provide reliable data transfer and are simple to integrate. However, in order to study complex structures, multiple inertial sensors, attached to different locations on a structure, are required. In such cases, using wires increases complexity and eliminates possibility of achieving long distance monitoring. Therefore, there is a need to implement wireless communications capabilities to MEMS sensors. In this thesis, two different wireless communication systems have been developed to achieve wireless health monitoring of structures using MEMS inertial sensors. One of the systems is designed to transmit analog signals, while the other transmits digital signals. The analog wireless system is characterized by a linear frequency response function in the range of 400 Hz to 16 kHz, which covers the frequency bandwidth of the MEMS inertial sensors. This system is used to perform modal analysis of a test structure by applying multiple sensors to the structure. To verify the results obtained with MEMS inertial sensors, noninvasive, laser optoelectronic holography (OEH) methodology is utilized to determine modal characteristics of the structure. The structure is also modeled with analytical and computational methods for correlation of and verification with the experimental measurements. Results indicate that attachment of MEMS inertial sensors, in spite of their small mass, has measurable effects on the modal characteristics of the structure being considered, verifying their applicability in health monitoring of structures. The digital wireless system is used to perform high resolution tilt and rotation measurements of an object subjected to angular and linear accelerations. Since the system has been developed based on a microcontroller, programs have been developed to interface the output signals of the sensors to the microcontroller and RF components. The system is calibrated using the actual driving electronics of the MEMS sensors, and it has achieved an angular resolution of 1.8 mrad. The results show viability of the wireless MEMS inertial sensors in applications requiring accurate tilt and rotation measurements. Additional results presented included application of a MEMS gyroscope and microcontroller to perform angular rate measurements. Since the MEMS gyroscope only generates analog output signals, an analog to digital conversion circuit was developed. Also, a program has been developed to perform analog to digital conversion with two decimal places of accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate feasibility of using the microcontroller and the gyroscope to perform wireless angular rate measurements."

Neste trabalho, é proposto o desenvolvimento de instrumentação e procedimentos analíticos automáticos para a determinação de fluoreto e arsênio em águas empregando o conceito de multicomutação em fluxo e detecção fotométrica. Na determinação de fluoreto, o controle dos dispositivos foi realizado empregando um computador, programado em QuickBasic 4.5. O fotômetro desenvolvido utilizava um fotodetector (OPT301), uma cela de fluxo com 60 mm de caminho óptico e um LED (\'lambda\' = 525 nm), usado como fonte de radiação. Os sinais gerados pelo fotômetro foram convertidos para digital empregando um multímetro digital, que os transferia para o computador através da interface serial RS-232. O procedimento para a determinação de fluoreto foi baseado no método de zircônio/ vermelho de alizarina S, onde o fluoreto retira o zircônio da estrutura metal ligante formando um complexo incolor. Após a seleção das variáveis de controle, o procedimento proposto apresentou resposta linear na faixa de 0,25 a 1,75 mg L-1 (LD = 0,06 mg L-1), desvio relativo menor que 3,5%, freqüência de amostragem de 45 h-1. No sistema para determinação de arsênio em águas, o controle do módulo de análise foi realizado utilizando um microcontrolador da série PIC 18F2553, o qual contém um conversor A/D interno de 12 bits de resolução e capacidade de operar com taxa de amostragem de até 100.000 s-1. O mesmo recebia os parâmetros de controle por um computador via USB 2.0, que utilizava a mesma interface para transferir os dados provenientes do fotômetro. O software para essa comunicação foi escrito em Delphi 7.0 e a linguagem C foi utilizada para a programação do microcontrolador. Como sistema de detecção foi o mesmo empregado na determinação de fluoreto, utilizando um LED (\'lambda\' = 625 nm) como fonte de radiação. O procedimento proposto para a determinação de arsênio foi baseado na reação do arsênio inorgânico com boro-hidreto, onde a arsina formada reagia com azul de metileno em meio micelar. A descoloração da solução de azul de metileno era proporcional à concentração de arsênio presente na amostra. A procedimento proposto apresentou resposta linear na faixa de 2,5 a 40 \'mü\'g L-1 (r = -0,995), limite de detecção de 0,3 \'mü\'g L-1, desvio relativo menor que 6,5 %, freqüência de amostragem de 25 h-1. / The development of instrumentation and automatic procedures for the determination of arsenic and fluoride in waters by using flow multicommutation and photometric detection were proposed. For fluoride determination, the system was controlled by a microcomputer equipped with MS-Dos environment and running a software written in Quick Basic 4.5. It was used a homemade photometric detector OPT301, a 60 mm pathway flow cell, and a light emitting diode (\'lambda\' = 525 nm) as light source. Data acquisition was performed by using a digital multimeter and a microcomputer with RS- 232 serial interface. The method was based on a complexation reaction between fluoride and alizarin red S, where the fluoride takes out the zircon from the metal-binding moieties resulting in color bleaching. After optimization of parameters, the procedure provided linear response in the 0.25 to 1.75 mg L-1 range, limit of detection of 0.06 mg L- 1, coefficient of variation lower than 3.5 %, and sample throughput of 45 determinations per hour. For arsenic determination, the control module was performed by using a PIC 18F2553 microcontroller equipped with a 12 bits resolving power A/D internal converter, working at 100,000 sampling per second rate. Data acquisition was performed by a microcomputer equipped with Windows environment and running a software written in Delphi 7.0. A LED (\'lambda\' = 625 nm), as radiation source, was used for As determinations by using the same detection system used for fluoride determination. The method for As determination was based on the color bleaching of methylene blue in micellar media by AsH3 produced from inorganic As and NaBH4. The color bleaching of methylene blue was proportional to As concentration in the sample. The proposed method provided linear response in the 2.5 to 40 \'mü\'g L-1 range, limit of detection of 0,3 \'mü\'g L-1, coefficient of variation lower than 6.5 %, and sample throughput of 25 determinations per hour.