The diploma thesis is dealing with the proposal and realization of the sensor and drive system of the four wheel mobile robot. The control unit is a miniature computer Raspberry Pi. The robot will be employed in the future for the environment mapping and location. For this purpose robot exploits the different types of sensors. The information of these sensors is being processed by the Xmega microcontroller. Another microcontroller together with H-bridge DRV-8432 is used to control the direct current drives.

This thesis describes the design of universal control unit for BLDC motor powered from airplane power distribution system of 28 V capable of driving motor up to 10 A. The maximal engine power is about 250 W. Important prerequisite is possibility of driving various motor size without needs of changing wiring board using only the configuration in the auxiliary memory unit. To control different motors is enough one unit with one program without any way to interfere to the unit itself.

Master’s thesis describes design of smart nightstand device. Aim of this system is to monitor and recognize stages of sleep with subsequent transfer of the data to alarm clock to provide the most comfortable awakening. The alarm clock is backed up by batteries. The system controls parameters of surrounding environment using advanced sensors. The device is equipped with a removable light part which is backed up by power supply for illumination during a potential power outage. A pad for wireless charging with standard Qi is also part of this system.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of a programmable load. As first, the research of available commercial devices was made in the theoretical part. Based on this research, the design possibilities of programmable load were discussed. As next, the design of resistor network was made, using a computer program that was developed for this purpose. Practical part deals with a realization of module of load, control board and software development. Proposed system consists of control board and ten modules. Modules have floating input terminals. This approach facilitate to arbitrary combination of their inputs. Modules are designed to work with DC and AC power supplies.

This master‘s thesis describes the design of a system usable for wireless measurement of the tire pressure. The goal is to make a theoretical acquintace with the wireless measurement of a tire pressure. Within the master‘s thesis was suggested device at the block level. For individual blocks have been chosen specific circuits. For the device has been selected the pressure sensor SP100-7AT, the microcontrollers Atmega8 and Atmega16 and the wireless module RFM22. The result of the work is a functional prototype of device including software for microprocessors. Final solution was tested during the experimental measurement.

This master‘s thesis deals with design and realisation of a control module for automated measurements of the modern contactless inductive position sensors by a mechanical rotational system consisting of a DC motor and an incremental quadrature encoder. The thesis presents methods of driving DC motor and recording of measured data by a microcontroller. The thesis presents a communication protocol between the control module and personal computer via USB interface. A part of this thesis is also to develop a control software and firmware, including the measurement and evaluation of properties of the control module.

<p>Коришћењем интердигиталног кондензатора и микроконтролера, систем за препознавање течности је имплементиран и испитан. Пермитивност течних узорака је коришћена као физичка особина на основу које се врши препознавање. Инвазивна и неинвазивна конфигурација сензора је израђена и испитана. Резултати указују на могућност развоја компактних, минијатурних уређаја за теренску употребу.</p> / <p>Korišćenjem interdigitalnog kondenzatora i mikrokontrolera, sistem za prepoznavanje tečnosti je implementiran i ispitan. Permitivnost tečnih uzoraka je korišćena kao fizička osobina na osnovu koje se vrši prepoznavanje. Invazivna i neinvazivna konfiguracija senzora je izrađena i ispitana. Rezultati ukazuju na mogućnost razvoja kompaktnih, minijaturnih uređaja za terensku upotrebu.</p> / <p>By using interdigital capacitor and a microcontroller, a system for liquid-type<br />recognition has been developed and examined. Permittivity of liquid samples<br />has been used as a physical property for recognition. Invasive and noninvasive<br />sensor configuration has been implemented and examined. Results<br />imply the possibility to develop compact, miniature, on-field devices.</p>

<div><div><div><p>This project aims to develop a cloud-based platform that integrates sensors with business intelligence for real-time energy management at the plant level. It provides facility managers, an energy management platform that allows them to monitor equipment and plant-level energy consumption remotely, receive a warning, identify energy loss due to malfunction, present options with quantifiable effects for decision-making, and take actions, and assess the outcomes. The objectives consist of:</p><ol><li><p>Developing a generic platform for the monitoring energy consumption of industrial equipment using sensors</p></li><li><p>Control the connected equipment using an actuator</p></li><li><p>Integrating hardware, cloud, and application algorithms into the platform</p></li><li><p>Validating the system using an Energy Consumption Forecast scenario</p></li></ol><p>A Demo station was created for testing the system. The demo station consists of equipment such as air compressor, motor and light bulb. The current usage of these equipment is measured using current sensors. Apart from current sensors, temperature sensor, pres- sure sensor and CO2 sensor were also used. Current consumption of these equipment was measured over a couple of days. The control system was tested randomly by turning on equipment at random times. Turning on the equipment resulted in current consumption which ensured that the system is running. Thus, the system worked as expected and user could monitor and control the connected equipment remotely.</p></div></div></div>

Avläsning av tillståndet hos en mikrobrytare kräver att den ansluts till ett I/O hos exempelvis PLC, mikrokontroller eller annan lämplig utrustning. Forsmarks Kraft-grupp AB (FKA) och avdelningen för larm och telekommunikation (NEIT) ser ett behov av att på kärnkraftsanläggningen i Forsmark installera mikrobrytare på platser där det saknas anslutningsutrustning och förmedla dess tillstånd till ett övervakande system. I denna rapport presenteras ett förslag till teknisk lösning som uppfyller FKA:s behov genom att spegla ett I/O över TCP/IP-protokoll. Lösningen har tagits fram utifrån specifika önskemål från FKA. Funktionen ska bland annat övervaka två områden med mikrobrytare, larma för fel, ha egenövervakning, ta hänsyn till signalintegritet samt baseras på generell mikrokontrollutrustning. Vi-dare har en utvärdering av tillförlitligheten gjorts samt att funktionen har testats. Resultatet presenteras som en prototyputrustning där två mikrokontrollplattformar från Arduino har använts som bas och designen har skett utifrån ett feltolerant per-spektiv. Trippelmodulär redundans, watchdog-timer, dubbelbalanserad slinga och majoritetsvotering är några av de tekniker som tillämpats. Genom en kombination av programmering och föreslagna metoder har FKA:s önskemål uppnåtts. Tillförlitlighetsutvärderingarna visar att prototyputrustningen har en mean time between failure på ungefär 3,2 år samt att sannolikheten för felfri drift i 20,000 tim-mar är ungefär 50 %. Funktionstesterna visar på goda förutsättningar för långsiktig funktionalitet gällande I/O-spegling och larmhantering. Testerna avslöjar även före-komsten av falska larm vilket har föranlett förslag om debuggning av mjukvaran in-nan driftsättning. Rapporten avslutas med en diskussion kring de uppnådda resulta-ten samt föreslagna kompletteringar och utvecklingar av prototyputrustningen. / Reading the state of a microswitch requires it to be connected to an I/O of, for ex-ample, PLC, microcontroller, or other suitable equipment. Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB (FKA) and the department of alarms and telecommunications (NEIT) have real-ized a need to install microswitches at Forsmarks nuclear power plant at places where there are no connection equipment and redistribute its state to a monitoring system. This report presents a proposal for a technical solution that meets FKA:s needs by mirroring an I/O over TCP/IP-protocol. The solution has been developed based on specific requirements from FKA. The function should, among other things, monitor two areas with microswitches, alarm for faults, have self-monitoring, consider signal integrity, and be based on general microcontroller equipment. Furthermore, an analysis of the reliability has been made and the function has been tested. The result is presented as a prototype equipment where two microcontroller plat-forms from Arduino have been used as a base and the design has been done from a fault tolerant perspective. Triple modular redundancy, watchdog timer, double-bal-anced loop and majority voting are some of the techniques used. Through a combi-nation of programming and proposed methods, FKA:s wishes have been achieved. The reliability assessments show that the prototype equipment has a mean time be-tween failure of about 3.2 years and that the probability of faultless operation for 20,000 hours is about 50 %. The function tests show good conditions for long-term functionality regarding I/O mirroring and alarm handling. The tests also reveal the presence of false alarms, which has prompted proposals for debugging the software before deployment. The report concludes with a discussion of the results achieved as well as proposed additions and developments of the prototype equipment.

Environmental change is a fact in today’s society. Temperatures are increasing around the world. A reason for this is thought to be an increase in emissions of carbon dioxide and other hazardous substances.To reduce the load on the environment, it is important that each and every one of us works towards a greener planet. A simple and effective way to reduce the strain on the planet is by recycling. In this project, we have designed a product that will facilitate and streamline recycling.The product uses the microcontroller ATMega328P, whose task is to measure and inform about filling levels in recycling containers with the help of ultrasonic sensors. This data will then be transmitted with GPRS for further processing.The product has a transmitter and a receiver part. The transmitter part amplifies a PWM signal before it is transmitted. The ultrasonic waves reflect against an object before it gets picked up by the receiver part. The receiver part filters and amplifies the reflected signal which is then used to calculate the distance to the object. To make sure that it is the correct distance, the outdoor temperature is used for the calculations.It is a battery-powered product that is designed to withstand extreme temperatures and have a long battery life without allowing the price to be too high. The product is small, compact and discrete product because everything but the GPRS module sits on a 5x5 cm printed circuit board. The product is also cheap. The most expensive parts are the batteries. By making them easily exchangeable it allows for cheaper batteries to be used and therefore also makes the product as a whole cheaper.Through measurements of the needed data the product can streamline the logistics and management of recycling. The users of the product can through this gain an economical and environmental profit.KeywordsUltrasonic, sensor, low energy, battery, microcontroller, transistor amplifier, PCB, GPRS, sustainability, M2M, Internet of things. / Miljöförändringar är ett faktum i dagens samhälle. Det sker temperaturökningar runt om i världen. En anledning tros vara ett ökat utsläpp av koldioxid och andra miljöfarliga ämnen i naturen.För att minska belastningen på miljön är det viktigt att varje individ arbetar mot en grönare planet. Ett enkelt sätt att minska belastningen på planeten är genom att återvinna. I detta projekt har vi konstruerat en produkt som ska underlätta och effektivisera återvinning.Produkten använder mikrokontrollern ATMega328P, vars uppgift är att mäta och informera om fyllnadsnivåer i behållare med hjälp av ultraljudsensorer. Denna data sänds sedan ut med en GPRS-enhet för vidare behandling.I produkten finns en sändardel som förstärker en PWM-signal innan den sänds ut från produkten. Ultraljudsvågen reflekteras mot ett föremål och mottas sedan av mottagardelen i produkten, som sedan filtrerar och förstärker den reflekterade signalen. Produkten kan sedan beräkna avståndet till föremål genom en mätning och kalkylering av temperaturen på omgivningen och data från ultraljudsmätningen.Produkten är batteridriven och är anpassad för att tåla extrema temperaturer samt ha en lång batterilivslängd utan att priset rinner iväg. Produkten är liten, kompakt och diskret eftersom allt utom GPRS-modulen sitter på ett 5x5 cm kretskort. Produkten är också billig. Batterierna är de dyraste på produkten. Genom att göra batterierna utbytbara tillåter det för användande av billigare batterier, vilket också gör att produkten som helhet sjunker i pris.De noggranna mätningarna kan genom data som samlats in och distribuerats, effektivisera logistiken och hantering kring återvinning. Användarna av produkten kan genom detta tillhandahålla en ekonomisk och en miljömässig vinst.