Automotive industry has moved from manufacturing automobiles using mechanical units to using Electronic Control Units (ECUs). One of the integral parts of ECUs are the microcontrollers. Selecting the right microcontroller unit for the ECU in automotive industry, involves high time and cost factors, as several criteria need to be examined for each microcontroller in the market. There is a need for a methodology for selection of the microcontroller based on the given requirements, with the aid of some tools, to reduce the time and cost factors. This thesis involves determining criteria for automotive microcontrollers and selection of the microcontroller by following a systematic process. A part of the systematic process involves filtering or ranking microcontrollers according to the requirements and plotting microcontrollers for the required criteria along with pareto-front analysis of rank versus cost. Ranking of microcontrollers is done using Goal Programming and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods. The result from the thesis shows various criteria for the microcontroller in an ECU and the methodology to be followed for microcontroller selection using case study of Exterior Lighting System. The results of Goal Programming and TOPSIS methods show that they could provide good aid in selection by ranking the microcontrollers along with pareto-front analysis. Finally, a selection methodology guideline has been formulated to aid the selection process with the help of the methods. / Fordonsindustrin har gått från att tillverka bilar med mekaniska styrsystem till att använda elektroniska styrenheter (ECU:er). En central del i styrenheterna är mikrokontrollers. Att välja rätt mikrokontroller för en ECU i fordonsindustrin är tidskrävande och kostnadsintensivt eftersom många faktorer behöver tas i beaktning och undersökas för varje mikrokontroller på marknaden. Det finns ett behov för en metod att välja mikrokontroller utifrån en given kravställning, med hjälp av olika verktyg, för att minska utvecklingstid och kostnad. Detta examensarbete handlar om att fastställa relevanta kriterier för fordonsrelaterade applikationer som använder mikrokontrollers samt urval av mikrokontrollers genom att följa en systematisk metod. En del av den metoden är filtrering och rangordning av alternativen utifrån kravställningen och visualisering hur jämförelsealternativen uppfyller kravställningen jämte Pareto-front analys mellan rangordning och kostnad. Rangordning görs med hjälp av metoderna Målprogrammering och Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Resultatet av examensarbetet visar olika kriterier för en mikrokontroller i en ECU och metoderna att använda sig av för val av mikrokontroller i studieexemplet ett belysningsstyrningssystem. Resultaten av metoderna målprogrammering och TOPSIS visar att de kan vara till god hjälp i valet genom rangordning av mikrokontrollers med tillägg av Pareto-front-analys. Slutligen har en guide för urvalsmetod skapats för att hjälpa urvalsprocessen med hjälp av metoderna.

The rapid development of technology in the health-care sector has led to the discovery of many new illnesses and improved treatments that were not possible earlier. However, many treatments and medicines for a specific disease often come with several side effects. The accuracy in treatments with an optimal result on specified targets is therefore desired with minimum side effects. This requires that the production and the usage processes should be precise. The scope of this study is not about the medicine production phase but rather on managing a medicine schedule. How many times a medicine should be taken in a day is strongly related to its dosage and following a precise timing plays a crucial role in the individual’s health. As a solution, a pill box based on a low power display (Electronic Paper Display, EPD) together with an embedded system has been introduced by the project owner (Victrix AB, Stockholm) .The pill box should have some different functions like alarms, data logging and wireless reporting. Different types of alarms including ringtone, vibration and voice recording/playing are required as well. To be able to trace the already planned timing for taking medicines, system will be able to save and report history of the past 100 days. Since every single idea for solving different parts of the problem should be tested in real system, a Quantitative Research based on experiments be used and the best possible solution be selected and implemented in the project. Studying technical material and also related works besides analyzing generated data after each experiment were a useful tool for the system integration in this work. As the result, a pill box based on an embedded system was designed and integrated successfully. A hardware platform, in form of a prototype system based on an ARM microcontroller and a compatible embedded software have been designed, improved and tested successfully and are available. At the end of this work, the low power E-paper display works properly, alarms can be set and activated, data can be saved and also sent wirelessly. Basically, the result of this project shows how an embedded system can be specialized and programmed to be able to interact with patients and e.g. nurses in order to make a stable and continuous connection between them. Most of determined goals have been achieved and some of them be changed and modified during the work. Also a few additional functions and improvements be suggested as future work.

В работе поднимается проблема экологического мониторинга воздуха около промышленных предприятий. Разработана информационно-управляющая система, включающая: устройство для определения концентрации вредных веществ в воздухе и передачи данных, беспилотный летательный аппарат (БПЛА) для проведения мониторинга, программный модуль для обработки полученных данных. Оперативное определение состояния окружающей среды с помощью устройства экологического мониторинга совместимого с БПЛА позволит снизить риск ухудшения здоровья рабочих, а также позволит предупредить утечки опасных газов, в том числе взрывоопасных. / The paper raises the problem of environmental monitoring of air near industrial enterprises. An information and control system has been developed, including: a device for determining the concentration of harmful substances in the air and transmitting data, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for monitoring, a software module for processing the received data. Operational determination of the state of the environment using an environmental monitoring device compatible with the UAV will reduce the risk of deterioration of workers' health, and will also prevent leaks of dangerous gases, including explosive ones.

A 3D bioprinter employing light-based technology has been designed and constructed in an EU-funded research initiative known as BRIGHTER (Bioprinting by Light-Sheet Lithography). This initiative is a collaborative effort between institutions and companies and aims to develop a technique for efficient and accurate production of engineered tissue. Presently, the bioprinter’s function is limited to 2D printing, with the lack of 3D printing capabilities.  The problem addressed is the integration of two separate electronic systems within the bioprinter to control the laser beam’s trajectory for 3D printing. The goal of the project is to create functional software and simulation tools to control the hardware modules in a precise and synchronized manner, thereby enabling 3D printing. The outcome manifests as a software prototype, which successfully facilitates intercommunication between the two electronic subsystems within the bioprinter, thereby enabling further progress on the bioprinter with 3D printing available. Nevertheless, the prototype requires thorough testing to determine its optimal operational efficiency in terms of timing the movements for the various hardware modules. / En 3D-bioprinter som använder ljusbaserad teknik har designats och konstruerats i ett EU-finansierat forskningsinitiativ som kallas BRIGHTER (Bioprinting by Light-Sheet Lithography). Detta initiativ är ett samarbete mellan institutioner och företag och syftar till att utveckla en teknik för effektiv och korrekt produktion av konstruerad vävnad.  I dagsläget har bioprintern inte möjligheten för 3D-utskrift, utan är begränsad till 2D-utskrift. Problemet som åtgärdas är integrationen av två separata elektroniska system inom bioprintern för att styra laserstrålens bana för 3D-utskrift. Målet med projektet är att skapa funktionell mjukvara och simuleringsverktyg för att styra hårdvarumodulerna på ett exakt och synkroniserat sätt och därigenom möjliggöra 3D-utskrift. Resultatet av examensarbetet är en mjukvaruprototyp, som framgångsrikt möjliggör interkommunikation mellan de två elektroniska systemen inom bioprintern och därigenom öppnar möjligheten för vidare arbete med 3D-utskrift tillgängligt. Prototypen kräver dock noggranna tester för att fastställa dess optimala operativa effektivitet när det gäller koordinationen av hårdvarumodulernas rörelser.

Can we reduce disturbance, swing, and errors by delegating some of the tasks to a subsystem on the tool hanging from a drone to gain precision and dependability? This project covers developing and implementing a user-controlled prototype with an automatic control system and gripper for functionality and controlled movement in 5 DOF. AirForestry is developing a new way of working in the forestry business to provide a greener and healthier solution for the soil and the environment. The forestry industry emits approximately one million tons of CO2 per year from heavy diesel-fueled vehicles. With a renewable energy battery-powered drone of a diameter of 6.2 m and a hanging harvesting tool, they can significantly improve the environmental impact of forestry. The harvesting tool has an automatic control system and is user controlled to perform the thinning and cutting of trees. The main focus is to use IMU sensor data to produce accurate angle estimation to control the stability of a scaled prototype and to implement physical restrictions to make it able to be attached safely and tested on a drone but not limit the controlled mobility of the prototype with a system independent of the control system of the drone itself. The user can control the attitude and elevation and receive real-time sensor data wireless during operation. With the intended spacing of the attachment points on the drone, it can prevent unwanted swing from a push or displaced drop. It uses the accelerometer on the IMUsensor to calculate the angle of roll and pitch, although the accelerometer is sensitive to vibrations and rotations. The control system has a fast response and rise time, but it experiences noise and oscillations. Sensor fusion of the accelerometer and gyroscope in a complementary filter can be implemented to increase the accuracy of the angle estimations and decrease the noise, which will be reflected in the speed of the servos and thereby improve the stability and mobility of the system.

Overcrowding during indoor events can be risky, in-case of any kind of a hazard such as fire.This solution address this by providing real-time crowd detection solution using Force-SensingResistor (FSR) sensors, referred sensor (IR) and microcontrollers. The solution needs to offer accurate data in real-time to the event managers including number of people and entrancerate to help when and if the event areas will be overcrowded, thereby enhancing event safetyand decision-making. This thesis indicate that the system offers essential real-time data forevent safety with an accuracy of 87.25%. These data will assists event managers in makinginformed decisions to avoid the risks of overcrowding. This thesis evaluates the effectivenessof our system in comparison to other systems, discussing what we’ve learned, suggest possibleimprovements, and talk about whether our system could be useful in real-world indoor events.

This study explores a solution to promote Test-Driven Development in the embedded development field, a field that has not adopted the use as widely as other software development fields. In this study, an evaluation process of Unit Test Framework was created. In Test-Driven Development, creating unit tests is an essential part where Unit Test Framework is a software and tool to help developers create such unit tests. The target group is junior embedded developers, catering to a niche group with the reason for introducing and promoting Test-Driven Development early on. This research was conducted specifically in the software development field for embedded microcontrollers in C++.  The first research area was about what junior embedded developers think are the most important features and criteria a Unit Test Framework should consist of and support. Those results, along with the author's own opinions from their experience of using Unit Test Framework, a list of features and criteria was compiled for the model to evaluate. The model tests and evaluates criteria using both an observational and experimental method. The result outlines each framework's different strengths and weaknesses and lowers the knowledge barrier, thereby promoting Test-Driven Development and the use of Unit Test Frameworks.

Thesis deals with the design and realization of revisions devices for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. One of the methods how to treat hyperhidrosis is iontophoresis. This prevents sweating using an electric current. The work is divided on the parts. First part is a theory, which deals with basic principles of treatment. Next part is the analysis of original solutions and hardware design of new solutions. In conclusion I revive device by microcontroller programming and checking its functionality. I was able to create a prototype board, programmable firmware and successfully tested a prototype.

The thesis deals with the development and realization of a multimedia module with a microcontroller for radio controlled models of ships, cars, and fighting techniques. The module uses commands from the RC transmitter to control the model illumination and accompanying sounds. The thesis summarizes principles generally used in RC models. Based on these general principles, a new control element for the RC transmitter is designed. A relevant multimedia module is designed and implemented. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the description of the basic parts of microcontroller firmware.

Automotive radar is an emerging field of research and development. Technological ‎advancements in this field will improve safety for vehicles, pedestrians, and ‎bicyclists, and enable the development of autonomous vehicles. Usage of the ‎Automotive radar is expanding ‎in car and road areas to reduce collisions and ‎accident. Automotive radar ‎developers face a problem to test their radar sensor in ‎the street since there are a lot of interferences ‎signals, noise and unpredicted ‎situations. This thesis provides a part of the solution for this problem by designing a ‎device can demonstrate a different speeds value. This device will help the developer ‎to test their radar sensor inside an anechoic chamber room that provides accurate ‎control of the environmental conditions. This report shows how to ‎build the ‎measuring setup device, step by step to demonstrate the people and vehicle’s speed ‎‎in the street by a Doppler emulator using the wheel for millimetre FWMC radar. ‎Linear speed system needs a large space for testing, but using the rotational wheel ‎allow the developer to test the radar sensor in a small area. It begins with the wheel ‎design specifications and the relation between the ‎rotational speed (RPM) of the ‎wheel and the Doppler frequency. The Doppler ‎frequency is changed by varying the ‎speed of the wheel. Control and power circuit ‎was carefully designed to control the ‎wheel speed accurately. All the measuring ‎setup device parts were assembled in one ‎box. Also, signal processing was done by ‎MATLAB to measure the Doppler frequency ‎using millimetre FMCW radar sensor. ‎The measuring setup device was tested in the ‎anechoic chamber room for different speeds. the ‎manual and automatic tests show ‎good results to measure the different wheel speeds ‎with high accuracy.‎ / Combined Radar-Based Communication and Interference Mitigation for Automotive Applications / EMC Hammer