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The burden of this dissertation is to show that William Sheldon’s somatotype project should be seen as an integral aspect of modernist culture. Sheldon engaged the same problems with modernity and the "Second Industrial Revolution" (urbanization, overpopulation, industrialization, alienation) that confronted modernist poets, novelists, and philosophers. In this I am elaborating Dorothy Ross’s recent metaphor, "modernist impulses in the human sciences" (1994). Both scientists and artists were responding to the social chaos and fragmentation engendered by WWI, by capitalism, and by a science and technology that was often felt to have run amok. Advocacy of eugenics for Anthony Ludovici, William Sheldon, and Aldous Huxley (polemics against "promiscuous breeding", overpopulation, medical and psychological holism, "aristocracy", nobility) was another means of defending conservative values against the onslaught of modernism. The German romantic, holistic, tradition (the "Goethean vision") in the physical and biological sciences that has been treated recently by Ann Harrington (1996) carried reactionary assumptions and priorities that duly influenced British and American constitutionalists. Sheldon’s quest of the somatotype, his attempt to map the human physique scientifically, was, at least in his case, a means of salvaging personality, character, and soul ina way that was consonant with the aims of German holism and hence, to a Significant degree, with the aims of the nazis, who appropriated the tradition for political purposes and propagandized it in their art. Sheldon’s studies in human constitution possessed the same "value-base" (Weingart) as much of German medicine and psychology during the first four decades of this century. Sheldon’s anti-Freudian position was intended to reinculcate a place for moral character and eugenic breeding in psychology. Sheldon insisted that character was a seasoned and hard-won proposition, as opposed to a cheap jettisoning of sexual inhibitions. Sheldon opposed the sexual origin of neurosis and replaced it with a highly disciplined character-building that was consistent with a nineteenth-century masculine ethos. / Ph. D.

This study acknowledges how the democratic mission has changed over time and which role it has today. By using a comparative idea analysis, fourteen Swedish and Finish curriculums and syllabuses stretching from 1970 to 2015 has been analysed and compared. Therefore, our purpose is to analyse how the curriculums and syllabuses can be compared to the modern society versus the late modern society, by using ideal types based on theories that legitimates our study. With this method, we were able to compare how much the late modern society has influenced the Swedish and Finnish curriculums and syllabuses. In the result, we concluded that the Finnish curriculums are still influenced by the modern society in a broader way than the Swedish. The Swedish curriculums have been more influenced by the late modern society as a result of the increased focus on the individual, which is a consequent of the development from the modern to the late modern society. The latest Finnish curriculums are also influenced by the late modern society. However, when they write about individuals, the importance of being a part of the community is always the primary goal. The comparison between the countries syllabuses shows a different sight of the subject social studies. In Sweden, it plays a larger role in the mission of creating democratic citizens, as to Finland, where it plays almost the same role as all the other subjects. The final discussion in this study is whether the democratic mission is still functioning in the society we are living in today. The conclusion is that it has to be changed, otherwise it will not legitimize in the late modern society. Furthermore, it has to change from being a firm mission to a more fluid one. Additionally, it has to create an environment where the pupils can become liberate subjects.

The aim for this study is to identify and analyze general trends, logics, and structures within the Swedish education system, and whether these are consistent with society's growing need for creative individuals. Furthermore, this study aims to identify possible tensions, paradoxes, and challenges regarding the role and function of creativity in relation to education. The aims have been approached by a problem-oriented method, based on a literature review as well as semi-structured interviews with key representatives of the Swedish education system. Overall the study has captured an international and national movement, where creativity in education on the basis of socio-economic, political, institutional, and individual embossed perspectives, has come to be a high priority. This development is based on a critique of today's knowledge-oriented education system, which is no longer considered compatible with today's society. The study has identified multidimensional barriers and opportunities for creativity in late modern education systems, and furthermore recognized creativity in education systems as an important aspect in how to address contemporary and future societal challenges.

The diploma thesis "Spiritual support in the context of the Czech post-modern society" presents spiritual support as seen in the context of selected practices of the Czech Roman- Catholic Church. The thesis puts this view into the context of theoretical findings in the field of spiritual support and defines the main characteristics of the field, pointing out the debatable points or diverse approaches to it. The part dedicated to the Czech post-modern society describes the state of the contemporary Czech non/religiousness, explores its causes, and points out the opportunities of extending the offer of Christian spiritual support also to people outside the religious environment.

Este trabalho investiga três filmes do cineasta Stanley Kubrick: Barry Lyndon, O Iluminado e Laranja Mecânica. Do fluxo incessante de imagens desses filmes buscaremos destacar aqueles que nos permitam discutir a questão da violência. Em nosso trabalho, não nos apoiaremos em um conceito prévio de violência. O que buscamos será discutir o problema que essa expressão nos reserva. Assim, acreditamos que também poderemos compreender um dos fenômenos constituintes da sociedade moderna. / This work investigate three Stanley Kubrick\'s movies: Barry Lyndon, The Shining and A Clockwork Orange. From the incessant flux of images, we\'ll try to detach those that can allow us to discuss the question about violence. In our work, we won\'t be supported in a previous concept of violence. What we\'ll want is to discuss the problem this expression represents. So we believe to be capable of to be apprehend one of the constituent phenomena of modern society.

Este trabalho investiga três filmes do cineasta Stanley Kubrick: Barry Lyndon, O Iluminado e Laranja Mecânica. Do fluxo incessante de imagens desses filmes buscaremos destacar aqueles que nos permitam discutir a questão da violência. Em nosso trabalho, não nos apoiaremos em um conceito prévio de violência. O que buscamos será discutir o problema que essa expressão nos reserva. Assim, acreditamos que também poderemos compreender um dos fenômenos constituintes da sociedade moderna. / This work investigate three Stanley Kubrick\'s movies: Barry Lyndon, The Shining and A Clockwork Orange. From the incessant flux of images, we\'ll try to detach those that can allow us to discuss the question about violence. In our work, we won\'t be supported in a previous concept of violence. What we\'ll want is to discuss the problem this expression represents. So we believe to be capable of to be apprehend one of the constituent phenomena of modern society.

Fragilizado ao assumir riscos e ter que lidar com a instabilidade e a insegurança consequentes da busca por sua liberdade na sociedade líquido moderna e em contexto de trabalho imaterial, o indivíduo é exposto a inúmeras promessas de ferramentas de rápida solução, serviços, métodos e técnicas de desenvolvimento pessoal que prometem maior controle sobre as experiências de vida. A presente dissertação busca analisar como dilemas pessoais vivenciados em contexto de trabalho imaterial na sociedade líquido moderna são apresentados e trabalhados na perspectiva do life coaching. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório que contou com a participação de cinco profissionais que prestam o serviço de life coaching. A coleta de dados se deu através de entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. A análise dos resultados foi realizada de maneira qualitativa e se deu á luz do referencial teórico sobre a sociedade líquido moderna, o trabalho imaterial, o coaching e o life coaching. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram indicar o life coaching como serviço que busca corresponder à demanda por desenvolvimento pessoal no alcance de adaptação a mudanças, excelência em todos os domínios da vida e no ímpeto por autorrealização pessoal, características da vida líquida, através do uso de ferramentas gerencialistas originalmente empregadas para o desenvolvimento empresarial. Alinhado com a ideia de que todos devem estar em estado permanente de vigilância e de gestão de si, e mergulhado no movimento mercadológico de autoajuda e de desenvolvimento pessoal patrocinado por uma ideologia produtivista e capitalista, o life coaching mostrou-se como clara expressão da noção de produção de subjetividade, contexto característico do mundo sob hegemonia do trabalho imaterial. A oferta do serviço de life coaching se mostrou, ainda, de estruturação inconsistente. A falta de consenso apontada sobre o conhecimento de base que alicerça o coaching e a falta de regulamentação quanto à formação e premissas para atuação profissional nesta área são elementos que justificam o questionamento com relação à adequação da capacitação dos life coaches para o tratamento de dilemas pessoais em contexto de trabalho imaterial na sociedade líquido moderna. / The personal search for liberty in liquid-modern society and immaterial work context, and the consequent need to take risks and to deal with an instable and insecure environment can make one vulnerable as exposed to a countless number of tools, services, methods and techniques for personal development wich promises fast results and increased controle over life experiences. The present dissertation searches to analyse how personal dilemmas experimented in immaterial work context and in liquid-modern society are presentated and worked in the perspective of life coaching. The present study is characterized as an exploratory study and counted with the participation of five professionals who offer life coaching services. The data was collected through individual semi-structered interviews. To analyse the data the content analysis was used. The analysis of the results was developed in a qualitative way from theorical references about liquid-modern society, immaterial work, coaching and life coaching. The results of the research indicates life coaching as a sevice that utilizes management tools originaly aplicated in business devolopement, and a service that corresponds to a demand for personal development in the search for adaptation over changing situations, for excellence in all of life´s domains, and in the search for personal realization, all caracteristics of liquid life. Aligned with the idea that all should be in permanent state of awareness and self management, and deeply merged in the self-help and personal development market sponsored by productivist and capitalist ideology, life coaching is presented as a clear expression of the subjective production notion that is characteristic of a world in predominance of immaterial work. The life coaching has yet been presented as an inconsistent service in terms of it´s strucuture. In Brazil, the lack of consense pointed out over its knowledge base, the lack of regulation over the life coaching formation and the inexistence of premises for life coaching professional performance are elements that justify questioning how appropriate and adequate are life coaches´ capacitation to work out personal dilemmas in immaterial work context and in liquid-modern society.

The purpose of this study is to show how the modern society, with demands, expectations and the time constraints of adults, affects children and the everyday life at the preschool. Our intention is also to show the importance of identify stress symptoms of the children.         The study is of qualitative empirical kind and is based on a questionnaire to 19 parents of preschool children at the age of three to five years old. Interviews are made with four preschool teachers on one preschool. An observation of children in possible stressful situations is made during three days each at two preschools.      The results show that the modern society affects children and can be stressful. It also affects the everyday life at the preschool. The results show the significance of having strategies to prevent stress at the preschool in order to create a balance between demands and expectations in the everyday life and time for recreation.

At the turn of the century agrarian parties emerged in large parts of Europe. The parties had one thing in common: they stood up for the social, economic, cultural, and political interests of the agrarian society. The Swedish agrarian parties - 1 Bondeförbundet ' and 'Jordbrukarnas Riksförbund1 - were formed between 1913 and 1915.In this study the agrarian parties are not considered to be class parties. Instead, they are described as traditional parties, defending the old agrarian community against expansive industrialization. Their potential voters belonged to various social strata in the agrarian community, and their political programme, often characterized by a markedly negative view of modern society and by cultural protectionism, is summarized here under the term agrarianism. Agrarianism seen as a political theory and an applicable ideology had features in common with Conservatism as well as with Fascism and Socialism. Liberal values, however, were kept in the background.A modernization perspective is adopted in order to demonstrate that the agrarian parties were in fact traditional parties. It is assumed that regional variation in the electoral support of the agrarian parties reflects the modernization process, and, consequently, that the parties were weaker in industrial areas and stronger in socially and economically backward areas.The empirical studies show that the Agrarian parties stand out as traditional parties rather than class parties. Their voter support was stronger in areas where the historical and economic development was characterized by stagnation and conservatism, as well as in areas where social mobilization advanced slowly. In more industrialized and modernized areas conditions were quite the opposite. A study of Swedish interwar agrarianism with special regard to regional variations in party strength proves the agrarian parties to be the inheritors of a way of life formed by centuries of agrarian traditions. / digitalisering@umu