A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor Of Philosophy in History in the Department of History at the University of Zululand, 2018 / This is a historical study of modern politics in the Kingdom of Swaziland. It is a study of a leading driver for democratic change in Africa’s ‘only absolute monarchy’. The leading driver is a modern political formation known as the People’s United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO) and the study demonstrates a variety of ways in which the Swazi monarchy responded to PUDEMO’s struggle to democratise the Kingdom of Swaziland. These ways are presented as signs of democratic practice in a country that abolished the Independence Constitution and cardinal practices of liberal democracy in 1973, five years after the end of formal British rule. The thesis uses the experience of PUDEMO to show that the signs of change were not simply products of monarchical benevolence, but came about as a result of pressure put by PUDEMO on the Swazi leaders. It is a study of the history of PUDEMO and its contribution to the process of democratisation of Swaziland. It interrogates the various ways in which PUDEMO has influenced change towards a democratic dispensation in the country.

In this thesis I consider Henry Scheffer's Entrée de Jeanne d’Arc à Orléans, le 8 mai 1429 (1843) in relation to female audiences of the July Monarchy. As a part of the larger Galerie des Batailles in the Musée Historique instituted in 1837 by Louis-Philippe, Entrée de Jeanne d'Arc has been addressed relative to the political objectives of the monarchy. Limited scholarship surrounding the Galerie des Batailles has focused on its evolution from royal apartments in the château de Versailles to public museum. However, the broadening of audiences during the July Monarchy and potential points of engagement between viewer and artwork have remained largely overlooked, especially in relation to Scheffer's Entrée de Jeanne d'Arc. Though feminist scholars have addressed the formation of the female spectator in post-revolutionary France, women in the art world during the July Monarchy remain understudied. This thesis discusses the expanding of audiences to whom Salon artists and Louis-Philippe were trying to appeal. The emergence of books and periodicals directed towards women during the July Monarchy, as well as the renewed interest in historicism affected female viewers' interaction with Scheffer's Entrée de Jeanne d'Arc. Additionally, the unrecognized fervor surrounding women of the July Monarchy who sought to emulate noble women of the past reflects these opportunities for women viewers. The emergence of contemporary women who were associated with the historical heroine, including Marie d'Orléans, expanded women's understanding of their place in history and their engagement in political, religious, and literary change within the public sphere. I attempt to show how all of these overlooked contextual circumstances empowered the viewing position of the female viewer in relation to Scheffer's Entrée de Jeanne d'Arc.

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This thesis examines how the monarchial regime of the al-Khalifa dynasty of Bahrain has skillfully tailored the tools of statecraft, both in international diplomacy and domestic policy, for one primary objective: to restrain attempts for democratic reform in order to sustain the regime's wealth and power. The al-Khalifa regime has shaped statecraft policies into a unique set in order to limit democratic initiatives. The monarchy blurs the lines between at democratization as contrasted with taking a few steps toward liberalization in order to address the nation's continuing unrest. The regime exacerbates the Sunni-Shi`a divide by hiring Sunni foreigners to serve in the security forces and deliberately stokes sectarian conflict by blaming Iran for inciting the Shi`i population. The regime encourages the hiring of migrant workers, which benefits the monarchy's wealth and fosters competition for jobs between groups of workers; at the same time, the regime denies migrants steps toward citizenship. Through its foreign relations polices, the monarchy prudently balances its relationships with the United States and Saudi Arabia for the primary purpose of maintaining power. Unique circumstances, as revealed by Bahrain's history, have influenced the al-Khalifa's governance of the nation. These factors include: US military base on Bahrain's land, a Sunni minority ruling a Shi`i majority, a well-educated citizenry willing to protest for democratization and labor rights, dwindling oil resources, and a geopolitical position between two rival regional powers, Saudi Arabia and Iran. / History

No / Munro Price has meticulously researched the mood, atmosphere and personalities behind the palace walls. At the heart of this research is a cache of letters that sheds new light on the lives of the royals, as the monarchy was gradually stripped of its power and revolutionary fervour called for their execution. The central character in this new evidence is the Baron de Breteuil, Louis's ambassador in exile, who orchestrated doomed escape plans and co-ordinated the international response to the revolution.This new book reassesses a perennially interesting period of history and will shed fresh insight into one of the real tuning points in European history

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第24016号 / 地博第295号 / 新制||地||114(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 玉田 芳史, 教授 片岡 樹, 准教授 TANGSEEFA Decha / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

1 Mgr. Hana Králová Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN FOREIGN SERVICE BETWEEN 1868-1918 Abstract Emerging from the reforms of the second half of the 18th century, the body of loyal civil servants gradually transformed itself into an efficient bureaucratic machine, which fully ensured the operation of the multinational Habsburg Monarchy until its disintegration. For many, a position within the civil service went hand in hand with attaining a certain prestige and rank within society, although the financial situation of lower and even mid - ranking civil servants was problematic at best. The foreign service, especially its diplomatic and central administration branch, undoubtedly ranked among the most prestigious parts of the civil service. Candidates, apart from being required to have the necessary level of educational attainment, were subject to a rigorous selection process focusing especially on their language skills. The diplomatic service also maintained its exclusivity by requiring candidates to provide proof of sufficient income, which limited access to candidates from among the wealthy elite, that is especially from among the traditional and new nobility a s well as from among the well-off individuals of bourgeois descent. The research has, however, also shown that...

La République de Pologne-Lituanie, par sa forme de gouvernement unique, a suscité l’intérêt d’auteurs français fondamentaux tels que Théodore de Bèze, Jean Bodin, Montesquieu, Voltaire et Jean-Jacques Rousseau, mais aussi de penseurs aujourd’hui moins connus, comme Jean Boucher, Claude de Rubis ou Nicolas Baudeau. La Pologne apparaît dans la littérature politique française dès 1573, date à laquelle Henri de Valois fut élu roi de Pologne, jusqu’en 1795, moment de la disparition de la carte de l’Europe de l’État polono-lituanien. Malgré cette présence continue, elle ne fut que très peu étudiée dans l’historiographie française. Pourtant, elle représente une clé de lecture passionnante pour éclairer les débats politiques français de l’époque moderne, ce qu’entreprend de démontrer cette thèse. / The Republic of Poland-Lithuania, with its unique form of government, aroused the interest of fundamental French authors such as Théodore de Bèze, Jean Bodin, Montesquieu, Voltaire or Jean-Jacques Rousseau, but also the attention of less known thinkers like Jean Boucher, Claude de Rubis or Nicolas Baudeau. Poland appeared in French political literature in 1573, when Henri of Valois was elected king of Poland, until 1795, when the Polish-Lithuanian state disappeared from the map of Europe. Despite this continuous presence, it has been insufficiently analyzed in the French historiography. Yet, it represents a fascinating key for reading the French political debates of the modern era. This thesis aims at demonstrating it.

The Bohemian land diet represents one of the most important institutions of the Bohemian estate monarchy in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, whose actions had considerable influence not only on the Czech kingdom itself, but often touched whole Land of the Bohemian Crown and surrounding states. This master thesis deals with the Bohemian Land Diets extensively between the years 1500 to 1526, focusing on how disability aspects of the functioning of the then land diets in the estates society and on individual topics and problems, which were on the diets discussed. Thesis deals with the organization of the diets, which are described and evaluated from their initiating, via the usual course of negotiations and meetings until their closure and completion. Particular areas of their interests are processed in the form of thematic summary of the topics of their negotiations.

Esta dissertação centra-se no legado de Militão Augusto de Azevedo (1837-1905) com o objetivo de desvendar as diferentes maneiras que tal fotógrafo representou o processo de modernização ocorrido nas últimas décadas do século XIX no Brasil e, especialmente, em São Paulo. Tomando a especificidade de sua profissão, buscou-se apresentar a maneira com que uma rede de relações sociais foi tecida em torno desta personagem. Estes vínculos permitem notar qual foi o lugar angariado por Militão naquela sociedade; tal posição marcaria de modo perene as percepções do fotógrafo acerca dos processos de mudança que vivenciou. A análise dos documentos de Militão, particularmente suas fotografias e cartas, configura uma polissemia de significados a respeito das transformações ocorridas na cidade de São Paulo a partir da década de 1860, e na política brasileira, após a Proclamação da República. Desta forma, as observações da personagem a respeito de seu mundo em mudança asseveram que, menos do que coladas ao progresso, as representações do fotógrafo formam um amálgama de temporalidades desencontradas, que se imbricam e se tensionam. / This dissertation is focused on the inheritance of a photographer called Militão Augusto de Azevedo (1837-1905). Its goal is to investigate the different sorts of his representation of the modernizations process in the last decades of the 19th century in Brazil, and, especially in the city of São Paulo. Considering the particularity of his profession, this text presents the net of social relations built around this photographer. These bonds lead us to realize the place of Militão in that society, and, how such position would mark perennially his perceptions about the process of changes which he had witnessed. The analysis of Mititãos documents, especially his photographs and letters, figures as a polysemy of meanings about the transformations occurred in the city of São Paulo since 1860 and in the Brazilian politics after the Republics Proclamation. In such a way, the comments of the character on his changing world asseverate that, less than directly related to the progress, his representations mix different temporalities, which overlap and tension themselves.