Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PalomaMM_DISSERT.pdf: 1913188 bytes, checksum: a5ce6f6f4c89b77f39177c6480f067a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-16 / Brazil stands out in poultry production as the largest exporter and third largest producer of chicken, and among the ten largest producers of eggs. The demand for food and population growth make the poultry production chain essential to agribusiness, regional economy and strengthening family agriculture, providing highly nutritious affordable food. Genetic improvements and research in pet nutrition favored the success of the poultry industry in the country, however, there is little research on nutritional requirements for slow growth bloodlines in hot climate regions. The Isa Label is a strain with naked neck, slow growth bloodlines with two option for products, which has been widely used by farmers for being good producer of eggs and meat have with appreciable flavor. The amount of metabolizable energy used in feed is conditional factor for productivity of laying in high temperature conditions, and has considerable weight in food costs. The aim of this study was to determine the requirement of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) to Isa Label bird dual purpose in laying phase, 52 weeks old, under high temperature conditions, by evaluating performance, quality eggs and economic viability. They were distributed at random 90 laying in five treatments with nine replicates of two birds each. The treatments were 2,600; 2,675; 2,750; 2,825 and 2,900 kcal / kg of EMA in the feed. We evaluated: feed intake and EMA, laying rate, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion and energy per mass and dozen eggs; and quality characteristics of eggs. The economic analysis was performed with the number of eggs produced, feed consumption and price per kilogram of feed. The results were productive performance and egg quality were statistically analyzed by polynomial regression with probability <5% significance level. The results of the economic analysis were submitted to descriptive statistics. Increasing the EMA level in poultry feed Isa Label in laying phase, not compromise performance between 52 and 64 weeks of age. The level 2,778 kcal / kg of EMA in the ration showed lower feed intake, while the 2,638 kcal / kg EMA level in the diet had lower power consumption under high temperature environment conditions. Internal and external quality of the eggs was not affected by EMA level in feed, but increased EMA in diets increased the width of the albumen and egg. The use level of 2,675 kcal / kg of EMA is economically viable for poultry Isa Label in stance phase, from 52 to 64 weeks of age under high temperature conditions / O Brasil se destaca na produção avícola como maior exportador e terceiro produtor mundial de frango, e entre os dez maiores produtores de ovos. A demanda por alimentos e o crescimento populacional tornam a cadeia produtiva avícola essencial ao agronegócio, economia regional e fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, fornecendo alimento de alto valor nutritivo a preço acessível. Melhorias genéticas e pesquisas em nutrição animal favoreceram o sucesso da avicultura no país, contudo, existem poucas pesquisas em exigências nutricionais para linhagens de crescimento lento em regiões de clima quente. A Isa Label é uma linhagem com pescoço pelado, crescimento lento e dupla aptidão, que vem sendo muito utilizada pelos criadores por ser boa produtora de ovos e possuir carne com sabor apreciável. A quantidade de energia metabolizável utilizada nas rações é fator condicional para produtividade de poedeiras em condições de altas temperaturas, e tem peso considerável nos custos com alimentação. O objetivo com este trabalho foi determinar a exigência de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) para aves Isa Label de dupla aptidão em fase de postura, com 52 semanas de idade, sob condições de alta temperatura, por meio da avaliação de desempenho, qualidade de ovos e viabilidade econômica. Distribuíram-se ao acaso 90 poedeiras em cinco tratamentos, com nove repetições de duas aves, por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: 2.600; 2.675; 2.750; 2.825 e 2.900 kcal/kg de EMA na ração. Avaliou-se: consumo de ração e de EMA, taxa de postura, peso do ovo, massa de ovo, conversão alimentar e energética por massa e dúzia de ovos; e características de qualidade de ovos. A análise econômica foi realizada com número de ovos produzidos, consumo de ração e preço por quilograma da ração. Os resultados foram de desempenho produtivo e qualidade de ovos foram submetidos à análise estatística por regressão polinomial com probabilidade < 5% de significância. Os resultados da análise econômica foram submetidos à estatística descritiva. O aumento do nível EMA na ração para aves Isa Label, em fase de postura, não comprometeu desempenho entre 52 e 64 semanas de idade. O nível 2.778 kcal/kg de EMA na ração apresentou menor consumo de ração, enquanto o nível 2.638 kcal/kg de EMA na ração apresentou menor consumo de energia, sob condições de alta temperatura ambiente. A qualidade interna e externa dos ovos não foi afetada pelo nível de EMA nas rações, porém o aumento de EMA nas rações aumentou a largura do albúmen e do ovo. A utilização do nível 2.675 kcal/kg de EMA é economicamente viável para aves Isa Label, em fase postura, entre 52 a 64 semanas de idade, sob condições de alta temperatura

Nous nous intéressons, dans cette thèse, à l'étude des méthodes d'extrapolation polynômiales et à l'application de ces méthodes dans l'accélération de méthodes de points fixes pour des problèmes donnés. L'avantage de ces méthodes d'extrapolation est qu'elles utilisent uniquement une suite de vecteurs qui n'est pas forcément convergente, ou qui converge très lentement pour créer une nouvelle suite pouvant admettreune convergence quadratique. Le développement de méthodes cycliques permet, deplus, de limiter le coût de calculs et de stockage. Nous appliquons ces méthodes à la résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes stationnaires et incompressibles, à la résolution de la formulation Kohn-Sham de l'équation de Schrödinger et à la résolution d'équations elliptiques utilisant des méthodes multigrilles. Dans tous les cas, l'efficacité des méthodes d'extrapolation a été montrée.Nous montrons que lorsqu'elles sont appliquées à la résolution de systèmes linéaires, les méthodes d'extrapolation sont comparables aux méthodes de sous espaces de Krylov. En particulier, nous montrons l'équivalence entre la méthode MMPE et CMRH. Nous nous intéressons enfin, à la parallélisation de la méthode CMRH sur des processeurs à mémoire distribuée et à la recherche de préconditionneurs efficaces pour cette même méthode.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdir Donizete Segato.pdf: 1566486 bytes, checksum: 0466b46a2ebe3438da9eeeeefc33df35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / This study aims to reflect on the main difficulties encountered in the adoption of International Accounting Standards by Micro and Small Entities (MSEs) in Brazil, whose annual gross income is up to R$ 3,600,000.00, based on Technical Interpretation General, established in Resolution n. 1418/12 (ITG 1000), the Federal Accounting Council (CFC). Methodologically, the research is categorized as the objectives in exploratory and descriptive and on the procedures in literature and documents. For the literature review was conducted bibliographic research and in electronic media, content analysis of documents relating to accounting standards, raising opinions through questionnaires and interviews, and a description of the data, based on the elaboration of a materiality matrix, which pondered priorities established by key stakeholders, who are the users of accounting information in relation to the issues involved. The research is justified because of the economic and social importance of this segment which contributes to boost supply chains of large corporations and represents - the Brazilian Service of Support for research Micro and Small Entities (SEBRAE) - 99% of the total of 6.4 millions of existing businesses in Brazil, accounting for 52% (16.1 million) of formal jobs in the private sector. The results showed that the main difficulties for the adoption of this International Accounting Standards by MSEs are not related to the conceptual part of these standards, but the difficulties of structural and operational, as prices services charged (fees) incompatible with the responsibility and technical risk of the work, the absence of management and internal control system, the standard practice of tax evasion, among others, added to some of fact interest that the entrepreneur owner of MSEs demonstrates in relation to accounting as a management tool / Este estudo tem por objetivo refletir sobre as principais dificuldades encontradas na adoção do padrão contábil internacional pelas Microempresas e Empresas de Pequeno Porte (MPEs) no Brasil, cuja receita bruta anual é de até R$ 3.600.000,00, com base na Interpretação Técnica Geral, instituída na Resolução nº. 1.418/12 (ITG1000), do Conselho Federal de Contabilidade (CFC). Metodologicamente, a pesquisa se classifica quanto aos objetivos em exploratória e descritiva e quanto aos procedimentos em bibliográfica e documental. Foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos e em meio eletrônico, análise de conteúdo dos documentos referentes às normas contábeis, levantamento de opiniões por meio de questionários e entrevistas, bem como a descrição dos dados, com base na elaboração de uma matriz de materialidade, que ponderou as prioridades estabelecidas pelos principais stakeholders, que são os usuários das informações contábeis, em relação aos temas envolvidos. A pesquisa se justifica em razão da importância econômica e social deste segmento que contribui para dinamizar as cadeias produtivas das grandes corporações e representa &#61485; pela pesquisa do Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE) &#61485; 99% do total de 6,4 milhões de empresas existentes no Brasil, respondendo por 52% (16,1 milhões) dos empregos com carteira assinada no setor privado. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que as principais dificuldades, para a adoção deste padrão contábil internacional pelas MPEs, não estão relacionadas com a parte conceitual destas normas, e sim às dificuldades de ordem estrutural e operacional, como os preços dos serviços cobrados (honorários) incompatíveis com a responsabilidade e risco técnico do trabalho, a inexistência de sistema de gestão e controle interno, a prática recorrente de sonegação de impostos, entre outros, somado ao fato do pouco interesse que o empresário, proprietário das MPEs demonstra em relação à Contabilidade como instrumento de gestão

Thesis (MA (English))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As a society that is only in its adolescence as a democracy, South Africa faces massive inequalities, both politically and socially. Within this context, Fanie du Toit of the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation urges us to remember that “nation-building in our young democracy requires opportunities for South African voices to be heard, particularly those from the margins of society, so often excluded, ignored or forgotten” (1). This thesis thus focuses on story-telling and representational acts of the marginalized in post-Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) texts. The term “post-TRC” is an indication of the framework I use to explore the poetics and politics of representation, as well as the past‟s impact on contemporary South Africa. In my overview of the TRC, I focus not on actual testimonies, but on the space provided for the marginalized to speak, as well as methodologies and techniques of representation that stem from the TRC process. Antjie Krog's Country of My Skull (1998), which mimics and expands on the TRC's work, sets the platform for my discussion as Krog incorporates many of the victims' testimonies into her narrative. In my second chapter, I explore the tension between advocacy and appropriation as various factors influence Krog's act of representation. In Chapters Three and Four, the complexities of representation are investigated in four post-TRC texts which feature a protagonist who is either represented as marginalized, or who engages with marginalized individuals. In Chapter 3, I turn to the homeless and the foreigner in Jonathan Morgan and the Great African Spider Writers' Finding Mr Madini (1999), and Phaswane Mpe's Welcome to Our Hillbrow (2001). In Finding Mr Madini, Jonathan Morgan consciously employs a framework for interacting with the homeless that draws on processes of the TRC, and turns away from representing others towards providing a space for self-representation. Welcome to Our Hillbrow highlights the power of narrative in effecting marginalization or belonging, while demonstrating the fluidity of the identities of the self and the stranger. In Chapter Four, I look at novels featuring youth protagonists to investigate how genre and literary form shape representation. Using Patricia Schonstein Pinnock's Skyline (2000) and K. Sello Duiker's Thirteen Cents (2000), texts which evoke and deviate from the Bildungsroman form, I explore the ways in which these protagonists navigate their fragmented urban spaces. I also end with these novels to see what kind of future awaits these young people in which the marginalized have (not) been given a space to speak. All these protagonists grapple with the complexities of representation in various ways, as they create stories of self and others to restore a sense of home or belonging in contemporary South Africa. Furthermore, the past is shown to be implicated in the present as colonial and apartheid structures of domination and marginalization are shown to still play a significant role in shaping people's interaction with each other. At the same time, the collective indeterminacy of these texts' endings signals openness to the future, as well as the unfinished nature of the past. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As demokrasie staan Suid-Afrika nog in sy kinderskoene. Die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing staar daarom omvangryke ongelykhede, beide polities en sosiaal, in die gesig. Met hierdie konteks in gedagte noop Fanie du Toit van die Instituut vir Justisie en Versoening ons om in ag te neem dat “nasie-bou in ons jong demokrasie geleenthede vir Suid-Afrikaanse stemme, veral dié wat deur die samelewing gemarginaliseer, en sodoende dikwels uitgesluit, geïgnoreer en vergeet is, vereis” (1). Hierdie verhandeling fokus dus op vertelling en die voorstellingshandelinge van die gemarginaliseerdes in post-Waarheid en Versoeningskommissie-tekste. Die term “post-WVK” vorm die basis vanwaar ek die poëtiese en politieke aspekte van voorstelling, maar terselfdertyd ook die verlede se impak op die hedendaagse Suid-Afrika, ondersoek. In my oorsig van die WVK fokus ek nie op getuienisse nie, maar eerder op die ruimte vir seggenskap wat vir die gemarginaliseerdes daargestel is. Ek neem ook metodieke en tegnieke van voorstelling wat vanuit die WVK-verwikkelinge spruit in oënskou. Antjie Krog's Country of My Skull (1998) wat die WVK se werk weergee en bepeins, maar ook daarop voortbou, verskaf die basis vir hierdie bespreking aangesien Krog menigte slagoffers se getuienisse in haar boek vervat. Ek ondersoek verder die spanning tussen voorspraak en toe-eiening aangesien verskeie faktore haar voorstellingshandeling beïnvloed. Die daaropvolgende twee hoofstukke ondersoek die ingewikkeldhede van voorstelling in vier post-WVK-tekste. Hierdie tekste word telkens gekenmerk deur 'n protagonis wat óf self gemarginaliseer is, óf met gemarginaliseerde individue omgaan. In Hoofstuk Drie ondersoek ek die daklose en die buitelander in Jonathan Morgan en The Great African Spider Writers se Finding Mr Madini (1999), en Phaswane Mpe's Welcome to Our Hillbrow (2001). In Finding Mr Madini maak Jonathan Morgan doelbewus van 'n benadering, in pas met en beïnvloed deur WVK-werkinge, gebruik om met die daklose om te gaan. Hiermee beweeg hy dan weg van die voorstelling van ander na die skepping van 'n ruimte vir self-voorstelling. Welcome to Our Hillbrow plaas weer klem op die mag van vertelling om marginalisering, maar ook samehorigheid te bewerkstellig, terwyl dit ook die onstabiele aard van die identiteite van die self en die vreemdeling illustreer. In Hoofstuk Vier ondersoek ek romans met jong protagoniste om te toon hoe genre en literêre vorm voorstelling beïnvloed. Deur van Patricia Schonstein Pinnock's Skyline (2000) en K. Sello Duiker's Thirteen Cents (2000), tekste wat aan die Bildungsroman-genre herinner, maar ook daarvan afwyk, gebruik te maak, verken ek die maniere waarop hierdie protagoniste hul stedelike ruimtes reël en betree. Verder sluit ek met hierdie romans af ten einde te sien wat die toekoms, waarin die gemarginaliseerde seggenskap gegun is, al dan nie, vir hierdie jongmense inhou. Al hierdie protagoniste worstel op uiteenlopende maniere met die ingewikkeldhede van voorstelling. Dit is duidelik aangesien hulle stories van self en ander skep om 'n sin van tuiste en samehorigheid in hedendaagse Suid-Afrika te bewerkstellig. Die verlede blyk verder in die hede verwikkel te wees aangesien koloniale- en apartheidstrukture van onderdrukking en marginalisering steeds 'n betekenisvolle rol in die aard van mense se interaksie met mekaar speel. Terselfdertyd dui die kollektiewe onbepaaldheid van hierdie tekste se aflope op 'n oopheid vir die toekoms en die onafgehandelde aard van die verlede.

According to Skolverket, the Swedish school has two missions: conveying knowledge and teaching values. These values are taught through the common principles (värdegrund) and instruct students about democratic values and human rights. However, Skolverket also reports that students lack such knowledge. Therefore, this essay aims to create a module with the main purpose of formulating and teaching the common principles, by using Phaswane Mpe's Welcome to Our Hillbrow, a text with the ability of presenting ethical issues whilst also making the reader respond to them. To achieve this, the values of the common principles will be extracted with the help of virtue ethics, which creates a conjunction with the book, where three topics are selected: sexism, gender identity and societal transformation. Virtue ethics, representing the common principles, together with Adichie’s definition of African feminism inform the analysis of sexism and gender inequality in the book and show how they are prevalent and extensive. Societal transformation is conceptualised and investigated through the use of narratology. Sexism and gender inequality are located in the horizontal plane of an arena, where the vertical expansion of narrative levels creates the urge for societal transformation. Such an expansion is made possible by an implied author, which provides the effect needed for reader inclusion. As such, Welcome to Our Hillbrow is described to entail an ethical challenge, that forces a responsible reader to emerge. Issues of sexism and gender inequality are then used together with the arena of societal transformation to construct a module in English 7, where students may themselves become reasonable readers through a process of critical self-reflection, a vital part of virtue ethics. This is done by employing Socratic and deliberative dialogue and an affective-humanistic approach, which together promote democratic values and human rights.

Nous nous intéressons, dans cette thèse, à l'étude des méthodes d'extrapolation polynômiales et à l'application de ces méthodes dans l'accélération de méthodes de points fixes pour des problèmes donnés. L'avantage de ces méthodes d'extrapolation est qu'elles utilisent uniquement une suite de vecteurs qui n'est pas forcément convergente, ou qui converge très lentement pour créer une nouvelle suite pouvant admettreune convergence quadratique. Le développement de méthodes cycliques permet, deplus, de limiter le coût de calculs et de stockage. Nous appliquons ces méthodes à la résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes stationnaires et incompressibles, à la résolution de la formulation Kohn-Sham de l'équation de Schrödinger et à la résolution d'équations elliptiques utilisant des méthodes multigrilles. Dans tous les cas, l'efficacité des méthodes d'extrapolation a été montrée.Nous montrons que lorsqu'elles sont appliquées à la résolution de systèmes linéaires, les méthodes d'extrapolation sont comparables aux méthodes de sous espaces de Krylov. En particulier, nous montrons l'équivalence entre la méthode MMPE et CMRH. Nous nous intéressons enfin, à la parallélisation de la méthode CMRH sur des processeurs à mémoire distribuée et à la recherche de préconditionneurs efficaces pour cette même méthode. / In this thesis, we study polynomial extrapolation methods. We discuss the design and implementation of these methods for computing solutions of fixed point methods. Extrapolation methods transform the original sequance into another sequence that converges to the same limit faster than the original one without having explicit knowledge of the sequence generator. Restarted methods permit to keep the storage requirement and the average of computational cost low. We apply these methods for computing steady state solutions of incompressible flow problems modelled by the Navier-Stokes equations, for solving the Schrödinger equation using the Kohn-Sham formulation and for solving elliptic equations using multigrid methods. In all cases, vector extrapolation methods have a useful role to play. We show that, when applied to linearly generated vector sequences, extrapolation methods are related to Krylov subspace methods. For example, we show that the MMPE approach is mathematically equivalent to CMRH method. We present an implementation of the CMRH iterative method suitable for parallel architectures with distributed memory. Finally, we present a preconditioned CMRH method.

近年來由於亞洲金融風暴的肆虐，產生經濟不景氣，使得失業的問題逐漸受到社會所關注，本論文企圖以三個時間序列方法：1.單變量ARIMA模型；2.轉換函數(TF)模型；3.向量自迴歸(VAR)模型來建立台灣地區的失業率時間序列預測模型。資料則是利用台灣地區民國75年1月至民國87年12月的失業率月資料作實證預測分析，為了知道資料是否來自時間趨勢模型，測試是否經過差分消掉一部份的記憶會發生預測的誤差，所以先以多步(multi-step)預測和一步(one-step)預測的方法計算出民國88年1月至88年12月預測值，而預測評估準則則採用(1)MAPE、RMSPE、MPE及泰爾不等係數(THEIL)；(2)變化方向誤差與趨勢變化誤差兩大方向來做預測比較。最後將算出的12期預測值與行政院主計處整體統計資料庫中所得到的失業率實際值利用預測評估準則做比較，結果發現一步預測法較多步預測法準確；而向量自迴歸模型(VAR)在大部份的預測期數上有較小的MAPE、RMSPE、MPE及THEIL值，因為此VAR模型考慮了在變數之間的共整合現象，有助於模型的預測，所以有較好預測的能力；反而是較複雜的ARIMA模型及轉換模型預測能力稍差一點。 / In this thesis, we plan to construct three time series models to forecast the Taiwan unemployment Rate. These time series models are ARIMA model、transfer function (TF) model and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. The data set consists of monthly observations for the period 75:1-87:12 for unemployment rate. We want to know if the data came from time trend model. First, we use multi-step forecasting and one-step forecasting to calculate 12 forecasted values from 88:01-88:12. Then We compare the prediction performance of these two methods by using：(1) MAPE、RMSPE、MPE and Theil’s Inequality Coefficient (THEIL)；(2) Direction of Change Error and trend Change Error etc. It is found that one-step forecasting is more correct than multi-step forecasting and the forecasting performance of VAR model is improved by explicitly taking account of cointegration between the variables in the model，so VAR model has lower MAPE、RMSPE、MPE and THEIL for most horizons. However，the more parsimonious ARIMA and transfer function models have higher MAPE、RMSPE、MPE for most horizons.

Thesis (MA (English Literature))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / In this thesis I examine the presentations of masculinity in several novels published in the post-apartheid period in South Africa, that is, the period after 1994. The novels under discussion are all male-authored texts and include novels by J M Coetzee (1999), André Brink (2000), Phaswane Mpe (2001), K Sello Duiker (2001), Zakes Mda (2002) and Damon Galgut (2003). In the introduction theoretical issues regarding masculinity are discussed on the basis of Morrell (2001) and a broad framework for the thesis is outlined. Subsequently the presentation of masculinity is analysed in each of the respective novels under discussion. Issues such as a definition of masculinity (or rather, masculinities), the interaction between men as friends, as colleagues; as well as issues such as heterosexuality and homosexuality are discussed. What perspectives does the author provide on masculinity? How do the male characters experience the new South Africa? What is the nature of their interaction with the female characters in the novels? Another aspect dealt with is the repression of homosexual desire for another man and the way in which it is suppressed beneath a macho façade. In the conclusion the different perspectives are compared and similarities and differences are briefly pointed out. In the end, an important question that comes to mind is: Do these men present a different type of masculinity emerging in the period after liberation, or do they merely (as depicted by their authors) perpetuate the patriarchal masculinities associated with the period before 1994?

Bibliography: leaves105-117 / Summaries followed the Bibliography / The study investigates the abuse of husbands’ property by widows in the two selected isiZulu novels Ifa ngukufa and Ifa lenkululeko, which is found to have a huge impact on children and family members. The study presents the causes of the abuse of husbands’ property, the course of action of abusing husbands’ property and the consequences thereof. The content analytical approach has been used to analyse the two novels. The analysis reveals that some of the causes of the abuse of husbands’ property by widows are the widows’ carelessness, weakness, lack of respect, stress and laziness. In both literary texts, widows abuse their husbands’ property with their new lovers. As persons living in modern times, they do not respect the African cultural practices. They refuse to wear mourning clothes for their late husbands, as required by the African culture. Instead, they find new lovers within a few days of their husbands’ death, and invite them to stay in their husbands’ houses. The study highlights how easily some people, including widows, can be influenced by other peoples’ cultures. They do not respect their parents, children and the in-laws; and do not pay attention to the wellbeing of their children. When the money is depleted, the new lovers go back to their families. The study further reveals that, after the departure of the new lovers, the widows realise that they (new lovers) were not in love with them, but were after their properties. The presence of the new lovers in the widows’ lives has a negative effect on family members. Consequently, the relationship between the widows and the in-laws, parents and children suffers. The investigation is concluded by presenting recommendations that will help widows to avoid tricksters from robbing them of their property. The study is of great value to children who become the victims of circumstance. / Ucwaningo luphenya ngokuhlukunyezwa kwempahla yabayeni ngabafelokazi kumanoveli amabili akhethiwe esiZulu ethi Ifa ngukufa nethi Ifa lenkululeko, okutholakala ukuthi kunomthelela omkhulu ezinganeni nakumalungu omndeni. Ucwaningo luveza izimbangela zokuhlukunyezwa kwempahla yabayeni, isenzo sokwenza kabi impahla yabayeni nemiphumela yakhona. Indlela yokuhlaziya okuqukethwe isetshenziselwe ukuhlaziya lamanoveli amabili. Ukuhlaziywa kuveza ukuthi ezinye zezimbangela zokuhlukunyezwa kwempahla yabayeni ngabafelokazi ukunganaki kwabafelokazi, ubuthakathaka, ukungabi nenhlonipho, ingcindezi nobuvila. Kuyo yomibili imibhalo ebhaliwe, abafelokazi bahlukumeza impahla yabayeni babo namashende abo amasha. Njengabantu abaphila ezikhathini zanamuhla, abayihloniphi imikhuba yamasiko ase-Afrika. Bayenqaba ukugqoka izingubo zokuzila zabayeni babo abangasekho, njengoba kudingeka ngokwesiko lase-Afrika. Esikhundleni salokho, bathola amashende amasha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva nje kokushona kwabayeni babo, futhi bagcine behlala nabo ezindlini zabayeni babo. Ucwaningo luqhakambisa ukuthi kulula kanjani ukuthi abanye abantu, kufaka phakathi nabafelokazi, bathonywe ngamasiko abanye abantu. Abahloniphi abazali babo, izingane kanye nabasemzini lapho bendele khona; futhi abanaki ngisho nenhlalakahle yezingane zabo. Lapho imali isiphelile, amashende abo amasha abuyela emindenini yabo. Ucwaningo luqhubeka ngokuveza ukuthi, ngemuva kokuhamba kwamashende abo amasha, abafelokazi bayabona ukuthi wona (amashende amasha) abengabathandi, kepha babelandela impahla yabo. Ukuba khona kwamashende amasha ezimpilweni zabafelokazi kunomthelela omubi kumalungu omndeni. Ngenxa yalokho, ubudlelwano phakathi kwabafelokazi nabasemzini, abazali nezingane buyaphazamiseka. Uphenyo luphethwa ngokwethula izincomo ezizosiza abafelokazi ukuthi bagweme abakhohlisi ekubaphuceni impahla yabo. Ucwaningo lubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni eziba yizisulu zalezi zezimo. / Phuputso e batlisisa tshebediso e mpe ya thepa ya banna ke bahlolohadi dibukeng tse pedi tsa dipale tse kgethilweng tsa Sezulu Ifa ngukufa le Ifa lenkululeko, e eleng taba e fumanwang e na le tshusumetso e kgolo ho bana le ditho tsa malapa. Phuputso e hlahisa disosa tsa tshebediso e mpe ya thepa ya banna, mokgwa wa ho sebedisa ka tsela e mpe thepa ya banna le ditlamorao tsa teng. Mokgwa wa katamelo ya manollo ya dikateng o sebedisitswe ho manolla dipale tse pedi. Manollo e senola hore tse ding tsa disosa tsa tshebediso e mpe ya thepa ya banna ke bahlolohadi ke ho se tsotelle, bofokodi, ho hloka tlhompho, kgatello ya maikutlo le botswa. Ditemaneng tsa bongodi ka bobedi, bahlolohadi ba hlekefetsa thepa ya banna ba bona le baratuwa ba bona ba batjha. Jwalo ka batho ba phelang mehleng ya kajeno, ha ba hlomphe ditlwaelo tsa setso sa Maafrika. Ba hana ho apara diaparo tsa bofifi bakeng sa banna ba bona ba seng ba hlokahetse, jwalo ka ha moetlo wa Maafrika o hloka hore ho be jwalo. Ho ena le moo, ba fumana baratuwa ba batjha matsatsi a mmalwa kamora lefu la banna ba bona, ebe ba ba memela ho dula ka matlung a banna ba bona. Phuputso e bontsha hore na batho ba bang, ho kenyeletswa le bahlolohadi, ba ka susumetswa habonolo jwang ke ditso tsa batho ba bang. Ha ba hlomphe batswadi ba bona, bana le ba bohading; mme ha ba tsotelle boiketlo ba bana ba bona. Ha tjhelete e fedile, baratuwa ba batjha ba kgutlela malapeng a bona. Phuputso e tswela pele ho senola hore, kamora hore baratuwa ba batjha ba tsamaye, bahlolohadi ba hlokomela hore (baratuwa ba batjha) ba ne ba sa ba rate, empa ba ne ba le kamora thepa ya bona. Boteng ba baratuwa ba batjha bophelong ba bahlolohadi bo na le phello e mpe ho ditho tsa lelapa. Ka hona, kamano dipakeng tsa bahlolohadi le ba bohading, batswadi le bana e ya senyeha. Phuputso e phethelwa ka ho hlahisa dikgothaletso tse tla thusa bahlolohadi ho qoba hore baqhekelli ba ba utswetse thepa ya bona. Phuputso ena e bohlokwa haholo ho bana ba fetohang diphofu tsa maemo a tjena. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)