Tornou-se comum, no presente, a percepção de que a privacidade está sob ameaça. As novas tecnologias da informação, por seu potencial inédito de coleta e disseminação de dados pessoais, parecem ter se tornado um grande obstáculo à manutenção do resguardo da vida privada, cuja violação não se faz sem prejuízos ao indivíduo e sem perturbações para a vida social. Entretanto, nota-se também que a exibição voluntária da vida privada não presenciou nenhum tipo de recuo diante dessas ameaças, ao contrário, apenas expandiu-se nos canais que a Internet oferece para ela se realizar. Para entender devidamente a natureza dessa contradição, procuramos mostrar como, em cada fase, ou espírito do capitalismo, a relação entre vida privada e sistema irá criar uma estrutura própria para a manifestação da privacidade. Ao fazer isso, percebemos que o papel que a vida privada desempenha no atual capitalismo conexionista é fundamental para explicar os condicionantes que levam à exposição de informações pessoais na rede, mesmo a despeito de todas as implicações individuais e sociais que a obsolescência da privacidade possa trazer, e também para compreender de que modo a perda da privacidade pode gerar, além de conflitos e ameaças, renda / It has become usual to say that, currently, privacy is under threat. The unprecedented potential for collection and dissemination of personal data brought by the new information technologies seems to have become a major obstacle to the maintenance of private life protection. Its violation does not occur, however, without consequences for individuals and society. In spite of that we note that the voluntary display of personal life has not suffered any fallback in face of those threats; on the contrary, it seems to be growing on the channels offered by the Internet for that purpose. To properly understand the nature of this conflict, we try to show how, in each stage of capitalism, the relation between private life and the system engenders a particular structure that will give privacy its specific features in each period. By doing so, we realize that the role private life plays in network capitalism is essential to explain the reasons that lead to exposure of private life in spite of all the individual and social implications that the decline of privacy can cause and also to understand how the loss of privacy can generate conflicts and, at the same time, wealth

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane dos Santos Rodrigues Coimbra.pdf: 8320129 bytes, checksum: 911cf92b6eb7283c38fa2d3da9c331ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of social networks and ubiquitous technologies is increasingly present in education as part of teachers , students , and the general public everyday life. Social networks make possible collective practices that allow for co-authoring skills, which are able to disseminate knowledge, and to share content such as reviews, concepts, ideas, experiences, perspectives in a collaborative manner. Therefore, it is increasingly common for teachers to participate in various networks and social groups to take advantage of the effects that they can bring to learning. To face this question, the present research surveyed the characteristics of social networks. This was followed by the examination of the changes they bring to the role being played by teachers, on the one hand, and to the profile of the digital generation, on the other. Based on this preliminary contextualization, this work turned to the study of social networks in education, giving priority to two social networking sites in particular - Facebook and LinkedIn - where it was possible to observe a strong participation of teachers in different groups interested in the use of new technologies, as well as it was found that there is little interaction between users, also low deepening and exchange of materials. The evaluation of these observed and analyzed groups allowed us to raise data for the future construction of a Social Academic Network for use of New Technologies which aims at contributing to teachers training and the innovation of pedagogical practices / A utilização das redes sociais e tecnologias ubíquas está cada vez mais presente na educação do ensino superior como parte do cotidiano de docentes e discentes bem como do público em geral. As redes sociais tornam possíveis práticas coletivas que permitem a competência co-autoral, capaz de disseminar conhecimento, compartilhar conteúdos como opiniões, conceitos, ideias, experiências, perspectivas de forma colaborativa. Diante disso, é cada vez mais comum a participação de professores em diversas redes e grupos sociais para tirar proveito dos efeitos que as redes podem trazer para a aprendizagem. A pesquisa que foi realizada sobre essa questão partiu de um levantamento das características das redes sociais, seguido do exame das transformações que elas trazem para o papel a ser desempenhado pelo professor, de um lado, e do perfil da geração digital, de outro. Tomando como base essa contextualização preliminar, o trabalho voltou-se para o estudo do uso de redes sociais na educação, dando prioridade a dois sites de redes sociais especificamente voltados para essa finalidade, sendo eles o Facebook e o Linkedin. Neles foi possível constatar grande participação dos professores em grupos distintos interessados no uso de novas tecnologias, assim como também foi observado que há pouca interação entre os usuários, além de baixo aprofundamento e troca de materiais. A avaliação desses grupos observados e analisados nos permitiu levantar dados para a futura construção de uma Rede Social Acadêmica de uso de Novas Tecnologias, tendo em vista contribuir na formação de docentes e na inovação de práticas pedagógicas

Tornou-se comum, no presente, a percepção de que a privacidade está sob ameaça. As novas tecnologias da informação, por seu potencial inédito de coleta e disseminação de dados pessoais, parecem ter se tornado um grande obstáculo à manutenção do resguardo da vida privada, cuja violação não se faz sem prejuízos ao indivíduo e sem perturbações para a vida social. Entretanto, nota-se também que a exibição voluntária da vida privada não presenciou nenhum tipo de recuo diante dessas ameaças, ao contrário, apenas expandiu-se nos canais que a Internet oferece para ela se realizar. Para entender devidamente a natureza dessa contradição, procuramos mostrar como, em cada fase, ou espírito do capitalismo, a relação entre vida privada e sistema irá criar uma estrutura própria para a manifestação da privacidade. Ao fazer isso, percebemos que o papel que a vida privada desempenha no atual capitalismo conexionista é fundamental para explicar os condicionantes que levam à exposição de informações pessoais na rede, mesmo a despeito de todas as implicações individuais e sociais que a obsolescência da privacidade possa trazer, e também para compreender de que modo a perda da privacidade pode gerar, além de conflitos e ameaças, renda / It has become usual to say that, currently, privacy is under threat. The unprecedented potential for collection and dissemination of personal data brought by the new information technologies seems to have become a major obstacle to the maintenance of private life protection. Its violation does not occur, however, without consequences for individuals and society. In spite of that we note that the voluntary display of personal life has not suffered any fallback in face of those threats; on the contrary, it seems to be growing on the channels offered by the Internet for that purpose. To properly understand the nature of this conflict, we try to show how, in each stage of capitalism, the relation between private life and the system engenders a particular structure that will give privacy its specific features in each period. By doing so, we realize that the role private life plays in network capitalism is essential to explain the reasons that lead to exposure of private life in spite of all the individual and social implications that the decline of privacy can cause and also to understand how the loss of privacy can generate conflicts and, at the same time, wealth

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-02-07T15:58:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius Mozetic_.pdf: 2373491 bytes, checksum: 09ebbf55d117ef019be519b206d406c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T15:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius Mozetic_.pdf: 2373491 bytes, checksum: 09ebbf55d117ef019be519b206d406c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-07 / Nenhuma / A presente pesquisa investiga a respeito da contribuição da filosofia no campo do direito. Autores como Heidegger e Gadamer questionam os fundamentos de amparo de uma cultura de época ou de um mundo técnico. Talvez seja esse o ponto mais interessante na prática heideggeriana e gadameriana, mesmo porque esse progresso técnico-científico não é metafísico, mas consumado, é o destino final da filosofia moderna, que considera o mundo como objeto de uma implacável vontade de poder e dominação. Por se decidir fazer a análise da técnica e sua influência, na ciência jurídica, aprofunda-se o pensamento em Heidegger, no primeiro capítulo, pois ele é o grande responsável para que se pudesse pensar em novos fundamentos que justificassem uma Hermenêutica Jurídica (crítica) da tecnologia. Mas era preciso passar pelo estudo da chamada ontologia fundamental, que, na verdade, não fornece um novo fundamento, mas que surge também do fundamento dos fundamentos. Então, toda essa problematização que se percebe em Heidegger – que já pensa em Ser e Tempo, como o lugar onde des-cobrem várias maneiras de interpretar o próprio Ser (não somente entes) é que vai dar grau a uma relação entre a filosofia, tecnologia e direito; entre hermenêutica, filosofia, tecnologia e direito. No segundo capítulo, abordam-se os principais impactos da tecnologia no Direito. Isto vai acontecer de tal maneira que se pode perceber a filosofia da tecnologia dentro do Direito, pelo viés da hermenêutica filosófica, ou seja, acontece a hermenêutica jurídica da tecnologia como resultado dessa complexidade que se dá por meio de um processo de interpretação daquilo que é influenciado pela tecnologia, não somente e diretamente nos textos, mesmo que virtualizados, mas dos casos tecnológicos baseados em contexto históricos variáveis sob a falsa ideia de eficiência que toma conta do judiciário brasileiro; um caminho que não seja percorrido apenas por um relativismo jurídico, mesmo porque as pré-interpretações desses textos virtuais continuam possibilitando uma nova interpretação e aplicação de uma lei, as quais estão sempre condicionadas a arbitrariedades, mesmo que pela tradição. Isso é o que Gadamer denomina de “fusão” de horizontes. Por essas razões, a compreensão e a reinterpretação dessa fenomenologia são de suma importância, uma vez que cria a possibilidade de uma nova filosofia fenomenológica da tecnologia no Direito, de uma nova e-linguagem que vai além do diagnóstico clássico de alienação e que reside no judiciário brasileiro. Agora, no terceiro capítulo, a filosofia da tecnologia do/no Direito vai ser explorada com ênfase, com base naquilo que se defende como um ressurgir – uma Fênix Hermenêutica – que será necessariamente mais jurídica e mais crítica dessa perigosa travessia na era da técnica. O método de abordagem é indutivo, por ser baseado em estudo de teorias e leis, verificando-se, por meio do procedimento metodológico de levantamento bibliográfico, de doutrinas, artigos científicos e da legislação, a possibilidade de utilização das novas tecnologias no Direito. / This research investigates the contribution of philosophy in the field of Law. Authors such as Heidegger and Gadamer question the fundamentals of support of a culture of time or a technical world. Perhaps this is the most interesting point in Heidegger and Gadamer's practice, even as this technical and scientific progress is not metaphysical, but finished, is the ultimate destination of modern philosophy, which regards the world as the object of a relentless will to power and domination. Why decide to do the analysis of the technique and its influence in legal science, deepens the thought in Heidegger, in the first chapter, because he is largely responsible for that one could think of new fundamentals to justify a Legal Hermeneutics (critical) of technology. But it was necessary to go through the study of so-called fundamental ontology, which actually does not provide a new fundamental, but also arises from the fundamental of the fundamentals. So, all this questioning that is perceived in Heidegger - who already think in Being and Time, as the place where they discover several ways to interpret Being itself (not only ones) is going to grade a relationship between philosophy, technology and right; between hermeneutics, philosophy, technology and law. In the second chapter, it deals with the main impact of technology in Law. This will happen so that you can understand the philosophy of technology within Law, the perspective of philosophical hermeneutics, ie, it happens legal hermeneutics of technology as a result of this complexity. Therefore, it should be clear that the difference between traditional legal hermeneutics and legal hermeneutics of technology, object of this research [U1], should also be understood from the point of view of existential hermeneutics, that is through a interpretation process of what is influenced by technology, not only and directly in the texts, even virtualized, but the technological cases based on historical context variables under the false idea of efficiency which takes Brazilian court account; a path that is not covered only by a legal relativism, even for pre-interpretations of these virtual texts continue providing a new interpretation and application of a law, which are always conditioned to arbitrariness [U2], even though by tradition. This is what Gadamer calls "fusion" of horizons. For these reasons, understanding and reinterpretation of this phenomenology is of paramount importance, since it creates the possibility of a new phenomenological philosophy of technology in Law, a new e-language that goes beyond the classic diagnosis of alienation and that resides in Brazilian judiciary. Now, in the third chapter, the philosophy of technology of/in Law will be explored with emphasis, based on what is defended as a resurgence - a phoenix Hermeneutics - which will necessarily be more legal and more critical this dangerous crossing in the technical era. The approach method is inductive, being based on the study of theories and laws, verifying, through the methodological procedure of literature, doctrines, scientific articles and legislation, the possibility of using new technologies in law.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo, no contexto da implantação da TV Digital no Brasil, promover uma reflexão sobre o conceito de interatividade na sociedade contemporânea e, considerando as possibilidades dos novos suportes tecnológicos, contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos formatos e conteúdos de produtos audiovisuais que, de fato, contribuam para a democratização da comunicação. Para tanto, realiza uma revisão bibliográfica que busca não só um embasamento teórico, mas também referendar a argumentação de que o conceito de interatividade sofre um processo de banalização e necessita ser depurado. A partir disso é apresentado um quadro sobre o conceito que ressalta a existência de uma diversidade de terminologias e definições. O projeto, em particular, faz a opção pelas caracterizações como reativa e mútua para interação mediada por computador e as usa num estudo de caso de programas interativos para televisão digital brasileira. Além disso, descreve vários outros aspectos técnicos que envolvem a estruturação de documentos hipermídia com o intuito de enveredar pelos caminhos da informática e suas concepções, já que isso passa a interferir sobremaneira nos processos produtivos audiovisuais. O resultado dessa trajetória não é conclusivo, assim como não parecem ser quaisquer estudos relacionados aos impactos do paradigma digital sobre os meios de comunicação, mas, de certo, explora as intersecções existentes entre TV e Interatividade, questões-chave que refletem as inquietações desta dissertação. / This work aims to, in the context of the implementation of the digital TV in Brazil, promote reflexion on the concept of interactivity in current society, and, by considering the possibilities created by new technological supports, to contribute to the development of new formats and contents of hypermedia documents that truly contribute to the democratization of communication. In order to do that it carries out bibligraphic review which pursues not only theoretical support but also validation of the argument that the concept of interactivity goes through a process of banalization and needs depurating. Upon this is built a picture of the concept that stresses an existing diversity of terminology and definitions. The project itself opts for the characterizations of computer mediated interaction as reactive and mutual and use them in a case study of interactive programs for Brazilian digital television In addition to this it describes many other technical aspects involving the structuring of hypermedia documents, aiming to move through the paths of informatics and its concepts since this interferes meaningfully in the audiovisual productive processes. This journey leads to no-conclusive results, just as other studies related to the impacts of digital paradigm to the means of communication do not either, but it certainly explores the intersections that exist between TV and interactivity key questions that reflect the questioning of this dissertation.

Dans le cadre d’un projet industriel de conception de navettes de transport autonomes (sans chauffeur), nous avons analysé les expériences vécues et les valeurs en acte des régulateurs afin d'identifier leur contribution à l'acceptation et à la sécurité des navettes et du service associé. En effet, à l'étape du développement actuel du projet, le système de transport n'atteint pas le niveau d'autonomie visé et des régulateurs œuvrent au fonctionnement du service – dont des accompagnants qui sont systématiquement présents à bord de chaque navette. Nous avons mis en perspectives ces analyses avec les analyses des activités et des valeurs d’autres acteurs impliqués dans le processus de conception : les passagers, les usagers des sites non-utilisateurs des navettes, les exploitants des navettes, les concepteurs. Entre 2013 et 2016, des investigations ont été menées sur six sites européens sur lesquels les navettes étaient mises à l'essai. Ont alors été réalisés : des analyses systématiques des situations critiques gérées par les régulateurs, des entretiens composites (semi-directifs inspirés des techniques d'explicitation) auprès des régulateurs, des exploitants, des concepteurs, des questionnaires à destination des usagers des sites (passagers ou non). Les investigations menées ont montré que les régulateurs mobilisaient principalement 7 valeurs. Les investigations ont également révélé l’existence de 19 situations critiques (situations dans lesquelles les régulateurs doivent arbitrer entre des valeurs en conflit). Les réponses apportées par les régulateurs en situations critiques révèlent que la hiérarchisation de ces valeurs dépend d’arbitrages variables et situés. Nous discutons enfin de la contribution de ces réponses à l’acceptation du système de transport, notamment en fiabilisant sa performance, en gérant sa sécurité, en maximisant son utilité et en développant une relation de service auprès des passagers. Ces résultats conduisent ainsi à interroger le statut de l’humain dans les processus de conception et d’acceptation de technologies autonomes et sécurisées. / As part of an industrial project to design autonomous (driverless) shuttles, we have analyzed the experiences and values of the supervisors, so as to identify their contribution to the acceptance of the shuttles and related services and to be able to continue to design this transport service. It would seem that the system under investigation is currently not autonomous to the degree that had been expected, with a human supervisor operating on-board during every trip. In 2015 and 2016, studies were carried out at six european sites where shuttles were being tested. The following were performed : systematic analyses of critical situations dealt with by the supervisors, composite interviews (semi-structured, based on elicitation interviews) with supervisors, owners, designers, and questionnaires to sites users. Results show that supervisors mobilize seven values in their activity. We have identified 19 critical situations involving arbitration, in which these values appear to be contradictory. The responses of the supervisors, in situation, show that the prioritization of these values depends on various situated arbitrations. We then discuss how these responses contribute towards the acceptance of the transport system, notably by making its performance more reliable, maximizing its usefulness and developing a service relationship with the passengers. These results thus lead us to question the status of the human being in autonomous technology and related services, design and acceptance processes

Identifying the emergence and development of new technologies has become an essential ability for firms competing in dynamic environments. Nonetheless, current technology intelligence practices are unstructured and vaguely defined. Moreover, the existing literature in future technology studies lacks strong, systematic explanations of what technologies are, where technologies come from, and how new technologies emerge and evolve. The present study builds on Structuration Theory, and proposes the structurational model of emerging technologies (SMET). The SMET suggests not only an ongoing view of technologies as social objects, but also a process for thinking through scientifically the complex, multidimensional and emergent dynamic of social and technological change. The SMET proposes that the emergence and development of a new technology can be tracked by examining systematically and collectively the extent of development of its technology-related social structure – its degree of structuration. The degree of structuration of a technology is an ongoing process instantiated in social practices, and can be observed through visible patterns or specific social outcomes of systemic activity organized in three analytical dimensions: structures of meaning, power, and legitimacy. The SMET assumes that the conceptual initiation of a new technology triggers new patterns of social activity or a signal of technological change; thus, the variation in the slope or trajectory of the degree of structuration of a technology may indicate an early signal of technological change. The SMET sets a foundation for identifying early signals of technological change when it is used on a systematic basis. Empirically, the study conducted an exploratory case study in the Internet industry. The study employed a sequential transformative mixed method procedure, and relied on 77 Internet experts to create retrospectively a systematic and collective interpretation of the Internet industry in the last ten (10) years. The test of hypotheses was based on only seven (7) Internet technologies due to time and instrumental constraints. The results confirm the fundamental relationships among constructs in the model, and support, thus, the SMET. The degree of structuration of a technology is revealed as a process independent of individuals’ participation in the enactment of a technology. Technological outcomes are explained by the extent of development of structures of meaning, power, and legitimacy (i.e., the degree of structuration of a technology). Moreover, influential technological outcomes shape individuals’ perspectives over time – i.e., the structurational effect. Hence, the study not only provides evidence that supports this novel theoretical framework, but also illustrates methodologically how to identify the emergence and development of new technologies. Likewise, the study discusses the implications of these results for technology management practices (e.g., product and technology development, innovation policies, and technology transfer activities). Lastly, the study recognizes limitations and suggests further research avenues.

This study deals with the notions and practices of surveillance and control in the current society. By this means, it aims to discuss the relation between technology and power on basis of surveillance technologies witnessed in all domains of life. With the extensive use of new technologies as camera monitoring, biometrics, and smart cards, power holders get the opportunity and tools to monitor all actions and data of individuals. How this is achieved and for what purposes and the ideology behind the surveillance practices are the main issues of this study. In accordance with this goal, the use of surveillance technologies as a tool of power to provide rationalization in which everything is visible, predictable, and controllable, to maintain social control, and to ensure the domination of power over the society is discussed through examining the applications of surveillance in Turkey and in other countries. Besides, the becoming of surveillance and control as natural and usual aspects of the current society in the eyes of people and their becoming a culture are also pointed out and analyzed in order to comprehend the location of these notions in everyday life. All these issues are discussed critically in order to analyze the role and ideological function of surveillance, in particular, and the relation of technology with power, in general.

Η παρούσα εργασία διερεύνησε τις αντιλήψεις εκπαιδευτικών του Δημοτικού αναφορικά με τη διδακτική αξιοποίηση των νέων τεχνολογιών στη διδασκαλία του μαθήματος της Ιστορίας. Στόχοι της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν η ανάδειξη των αντιλήψεων που έχουν σχηματίσει οι εκπαιδευτικοί του Δημοτικού σχετικά με τη χρήση των ηλεκτρονικών υπολογιστών στη διδασκαλία του μαθήματος της ιστορίας και η επισήμανση ή μη της ανάγκης για επιμόρφωση τους αναφορικά με την αξιοποίηση των νέων τεχνολογιών στη διδασκαλία της Ιστορίας. Η έρευνα διεξήχθη κατά το σχολικό έτος 2013-2014 με δώδεκα εκπαιδευτικούς του Δημοτικού ηλικίας 22- 54 χρονών οι οποίοι κατά το τρέχον σχολικό έτος εργάζονται σε σχολεία της Πάτρας και της Ναυπάκτου. Οι εκπαιδευτικοί προέρχονται τόσο από τη δημόσια όσο και από την ιδιωτική εκπαίδευση. Συγκεντρώθηκαν τα ποιοτικά δεδομένα από τις 12 ημι-δομημένες συνεντεύξεις οι οποίες αποσκοπούσαν στη διερεύνηση των απόψεων των εκπαιδευτικών σχετικά με τη διδασκαλία του μαθήματος της Ιστορίας με τη χρήση των νέων τεχνολογιών: δόθηκε έμφαση στη γνώμη τους για τα οφέλη από τη διδακτική αξιοποίηση των νέων τεχνολογιών στο μάθημα της ιστορίας τόσο για τον μαθητή όσο και για τον ίδιο τον εκπαιδευτικό, τους παράγοντες που δυσχεραίνουν την προσπάθειά τους για ενσωμάτωση των νέων τεχνολογιών στη διδακτική διαδικασία, τα συναισθήματα που τους δημιουργεί η διαδικασία ενσωμάτωσης των νέων τεχνολογιών, την άποψη τους για τον τρόπο με τον οποίο μπορούν να αξιοποιήσουν διδακτικά τις νέες τεχνολογίες καθώς και για την ανάγκη ή μη επιμόρφωσης σε θέματα σχετικά με τη διδασκαλία με τις νέες τεχνολογίες. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί διάκεινται θετικά απέναντι στην προσπάθεια ενσωμάτωσης των ΤΠΕ στη διδασκαλία του μαθήματος της ιστορίας ενώ ακόμη και με τους στοιχειώδεις τρόπους με τους οποίους επιχειρούν την ένταξη αυτή φανερώνεται η διάθεσή τους για αλλαγή από τον παραδοσιακό τρόπο διδασκαλίας του συγκεκριμένου μαθήματος. Ακόμη επισημάνθηκε από όλους η ανάγκη για επιμόρφωση σε θέματα σχετικά με τη διδακτική αξιοποίηση των νέων τεχνολογιών στη διδασκαλία του μαθήματος της ιστορίας ενώ έγιναν και προτάσεις προς τους εκπονητές των Αναλυτικών Προγραμμάτων για περαιτέρω διευκόλυνση τους στο διδακτικό τους έργο. / The present work investigates the primary teachers’ understanding in respect of teaching applications of new technologies during the teaching of History subject. The emergence of the perceptions, that primary teachers have adopted, has been the research objective, taking into consideration the use of computers during the teaching of History and labelling or the lack of necessity for teacher training regarding the use of new technologies in the teaching of history. The survey was conducted during the 2013-2014 school year with twelve primary teachers aged 22 to 54 years old who were working, during the current school year in schools of Patras and Nafpaktos. The teachers belonged to both public and the private schools’ faculty. Qualitative data was collected from 12 semi-structured interviews, which were designed to explore the views of teachers on the teaching of history with the use of new technologies and to focus on their opinion about what would be the benefits of teaching applications with new technologies in the course of history for both the student and the teacher himself, what are the factors that hinder their efforts to integrate new technologies in the teaching process, the feelings that are created by the process of integrating new technologies into the course of history, their view on how they can make the most out of teaching with new technologies the course of history and the need of training on issues related to teaching with new technologies or not. The results showed that the teachers were positively disposed towards the effort to integrate the technologies of information and communication in the teaching of history while even with the basic ways with which they attempt to integrate this, their mood for a change and an abruption of the traditional way of teaching this course is evident. Furthermore it was noted by everyone the need for training on issues related to the use of new teaching technologies in teaching of history while there were proposals to the elaborated curricula for further facilitate their teaching work.

Identifying the emergence and development of new technologies has become an essential ability for firms competing in dynamic environments. Nonetheless, current technology intelligence practices are unstructured and vaguely defined. Moreover, the existing literature in future technology studies lacks strong, systematic explanations of what technologies are, where technologies come from, and how new technologies emerge and evolve. The present study builds on Structuration Theory, and proposes the structurational model of emerging technologies (SMET). The SMET suggests not only an ongoing view of technologies as social objects, but also a process for thinking through scientifically the complex, multidimensional and emergent dynamic of social and technological change. The SMET proposes that the emergence and development of a new technology can be tracked by examining systematically and collectively the extent of development of its technology-related social structure – its degree of structuration. The degree of structuration of a technology is an ongoing process instantiated in social practices, and can be observed through visible patterns or specific social outcomes of systemic activity organized in three analytical dimensions: structures of meaning, power, and legitimacy. The SMET assumes that the conceptual initiation of a new technology triggers new patterns of social activity or a signal of technological change; thus, the variation in the slope or trajectory of the degree of structuration of a technology may indicate an early signal of technological change. The SMET sets a foundation for identifying early signals of technological change when it is used on a systematic basis. Empirically, the study conducted an exploratory case study in the Internet industry. The study employed a sequential transformative mixed method procedure, and relied on 77 Internet experts to create retrospectively a systematic and collective interpretation of the Internet industry in the last ten (10) years. The test of hypotheses was based on only seven (7) Internet technologies due to time and instrumental constraints. The results confirm the fundamental relationships among constructs in the model, and support, thus, the SMET. The degree of structuration of a technology is revealed as a process independent of individuals’ participation in the enactment of a technology. Technological outcomes are explained by the extent of development of structures of meaning, power, and legitimacy (i.e., the degree of structuration of a technology). Moreover, influential technological outcomes shape individuals’ perspectives over time – i.e., the structurational effect. Hence, the study not only provides evidence that supports this novel theoretical framework, but also illustrates methodologically how to identify the emergence and development of new technologies. Likewise, the study discusses the implications of these results for technology management practices (e.g., product and technology development, innovation policies, and technology transfer activities). Lastly, the study recognizes limitations and suggests further research avenues.