My study has questioned recognized factors of news valuation in the context of Costa Rican newspapers, with the aim at getting greater understanding in how news are valued in Costa Rican newspapers and what factors contribute to making an event the main article of an issue. My research therefore is a snapshot at how the news valuation process is conducted in Costa Rica at the moment. I furthermore went on to do a quantitative content analysis containing five theories of factors of news valuation, that I have theorised myself as a result of my research containing recognized factors of news valuation.   The data has been selected through a random selection process, and then collected via the national library in San José, Costa Rica. I then went on to carry through a quantitative content analysis, containing 46 variables from recognized factors of news valuation and an additional five variables from my own theories, on the selected samples.   The variables in my analysis to a great extent tried questioning the theories of Judy McGregor, Henk Prakke, Håkan Hvitfelt and Galtung and Ruge.   The results show that some of the theories created by mentioned scholar do apply in the news valuation process in Costa Rican newspapers. It furthermore show that some factors, mentioned by the same scholar, to have great impact in the news valuation process does not at all impact the news value of an event in Costa Rican newspapers. This study shows that there is cultural and geographical differences in how events are valued as newsworthy or not, and that the factors that are acknowledged as determining of news value in one region or country, may in fact not at all apply in another part of the world.   The results of my own theories show that there are differences in what factors that affect the news valuation process. My theories state that there are other factors that affect news values and that there can be opposing factors depending on in what country/region/journalistic area the news are valued.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a cobertura sobre o Código Florestal Brasileiro no Jornal Nacional de março de 2012 até maio de 2013. Utilizamos a metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo para verificar quais os valores-notícia de seleção e de construção que mais apareceram nas categorias de questão ambiental e política. Examinamos também quais foram as fontes mais consultadas no período de análise. Os valores-notícia de seleção mais usados foram conflito ou controvérsia, notoriedade e tempo (efeméride) nas duas questões. Os valores-notícia de seleção que apareceram mais nas duas questões foram dramatização e personalização, o valor de amplificação apareceu mais na questão política e o de simplificação na questão ambiental. As fontes mais utilizadas foram as primárias, oficiais e testemunhos. Em 2013, o Jornal Nacional não apresentou nenhuma matéria sobre o Código Florestal, nem em maio quando completou um ano de vigência. Concluímos que o foco ambiental foi preterido por uma cobertura política focada na disputa entre parlamentares ruralistas e ambientalistas em torno da redação do novo texto e do processo de votação. / This dissertation aims to the coverage about the Brazilian Forest Code in the Jornal Nacional, from 2012 to May 2013. The methodology used is content analysis in which will be checked what news values of selection and construction appear most in the categories environmental issue and politics. The most listened sources were also examined. The news values of selection that appear most were conflict or controversy, notoriety and time (ephemeris) in both issues and the news values of selection most used were dramatization, personalization on both issues and amplification, in the political issue, and simplification in the environmental issue. The most used sources were the primary, official and witnesses. In 2013, the Jornal Nacional showed no article about the Forest Code, not even in May when it completed one year of validity. We conclude that the environmental focus has been deprecated for a political coverage focused on the dispute between ruralist and environmentalist parliamentarians around the redaction of the new text.

Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / Label what is and what is not news is part of the basic tasks of any journalist. As much as these assessments are commonplace and able to cope with the pressures of time and resources, they fail to take advantage of the knowledge processed to reflect on their own effectiveness, as well as to generate organizational advantages and accountability tools. Interested in the quality of journalistic production, this work aims to contribute to the experimental development of a methodology for evaluating the journalistic relevance which, in the opposite way, to be able to generate data about themselves and to instrumentalize other advances. Such methodology is embedded in a newspaper production management software called Qualijor, which has, among other structures, a specific matrix for assessing relevance. Due to the period of software experimental development, which is already a prototype, the contribution in question relates to a trial of its structure and adds some useful conceptual basis for the interpretation of evaluative data and possible future enhancements. Before performing the experimental evaluation that the work is proposed, however, it is necessary to deepen the treatment of term relevance, reflecting not only on its definition, but also on the knowledge that the tangent, notably the news values, which are presented as indicators relevance. It is still necessary to place the relevance, as defined, in a proposal for evaluation of editorial quality that reflects commitments to media accountability and bring the requirement and the software of an organizational knowledge management proposal. As the methodological procedures, the work can be described as an experimental research development, testing the effectiveness of a prototype by conducting an experiment. During the experimental evaluation were analyzed 180 newspaper articles that occupied several prominent position in three important communication vehicle of online, print and television media. Seeking to realize an increase in data generation and systematization of the results, each content has been subjected to two types of evaluation, traditionally held by the media and the other proposed by the test methodology. As a result it was possible to view the assessments carried out with the help of Qualijor an effective increase in the outsourcing of knowledge, reflecting not only the generation of data, but also in the linked processing the standards, in compliance with media accountability demands and stimulating the organizational knowledge management. This dissertation presenting an original definition of journalistic relevance that begins to fill a gap of journalistic literature and also adds to the results arising from the experiment to propose structural increments to the Relevance Matrix. / Rotular o que é e o que não é notícia faz parte das atribuições básicas de qualquer jornalista. Por mais que estas avaliações sejam corriqueiras e hábeis ao lidar com as pressões de tempo e recursos, elas deixam de aproveitar os conhecimentos processados para refletir sobre sua própria efetividade, bem como para gerar vantagens organizacionais e instrumentos de accountability. Interessado na qualidade da produção jornalística, este trabalho objetiva contribuir para o desenvolvimento experimental de uma metodologia de avaliação da relevância jornalística, que, em via oposta, seja capaz de gerar dados sobre si e de instrumentalizar outros avanços. Tal metodologia encontra-se embarcada em um software de gestão da produção jornalística denominado Qualijor, que possui, entre outras estruturas, uma matriz específica para a avaliação da relevância. Devido ao período de desenvolvimento experimental do software, que já é um protótipo, a contribuição em questão diz respeito a uma experimentação da sua estrutura e a soma de algumas bases conceituais úteis para a interpretação dos dados avaliativos e para possíveis incrementos futuros. Antes de realizar a avaliação experimental a que o trabalho se propõe, todavia, é necessário aprofundar o tratamento do termo relevância, refletindo não só sobre sua definição, mas também sobre saberes que a tangenciam, destacadamente os valores-notícia, que serão apresentados como indicadores da relevância. Ainda é necessário situar a relevância, conforme definida, dentro de uma proposta de avaliação de qualidade editorial que reflita compromissos relativos à accountability de mídia e aproximar o requisito e o software de uma proposta de gestão do conhecimento organizacional. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, dessa forma, o trabalho pode ser descrito como uma pesquisa de desenvolvimento experimental, que testa a efetividade de um protótipo através da realização de um experimento. Durante a avaliação experimental foram analisadas 180 matérias jornalísticas que ocuparam posição de destaque diversas em três importante veículo de comunicação dos meios on-line, impresso e televisivo. Em busca de perceber um incremento na geração de dados e na sistematicidade dos resultados, cada conteúdo foi submetido a dois tipos de avaliação, uma tradicionalmente realizada pelos veículos de comunicação e outra proposta pela metodologia em teste. Como resultado foi possível visualizar nas avaliações realizadas com o auxílio do Qualijor um efetivo incremento na externalização dos saberes, repercutindo não só na geração de dados, mas também no processamento mais vinculado a normas, no atendimento às demandas de accountability de mídia e no estímulo a uma gestão do conhecimento organizacional. Esta dissertação apresenta ainda uma definição original de relevância jornalística que começa a preencher uma lacuna da literatura dos estudos de jornalismo e ainda se soma aos resultados advindos do experimento para propor incrementos estruturais para a Matriz de Relevância.

In this study we aim to analyse the role of journalism in creating certain representations of the relationship between man and climate, especially concerning the climate change scenario. We assume that the news is a specific type of symbolic system and configures itself in a cultural construction built through the news values that work with maps of representation. Our main goal is to analyse the climate in Zero Hora, in its various editorials, based on news values to show how it happens in the news the relationship between man and climate. The specific objectives of the research focus on characterizing climate events for journalism, defining concepts such as weather and climate, to understand historically how the relationship between the media and climate and between journalism and meteorology. We present a mapping of climate events in Zero Hora through a quantitative survey of however qualitative approach to identify news values and their meanings based on certain aspects from the theory of Representations using contributions from Patrick Charaudeau, Stuart Hall and Cristina Ponte. We also conducted interviews with professionals in meteorology and journalism field in order to understand how they interact with the subject. Our study aimed to cover from the news that involve the variable weather in the day-by-day life up to the ones that deal with long term climate changes. This was sourced from the newspaper Zero Hora, in Rio Grande do Sul. We analysed 41 editions and mapped the coverage of 90 climate events. Considering the news values found, an observation can be concluded on how Zero Hora represents the relationship between men and climate. This study concludes that the newspaper represents man as a victim of the climate events. Furthermore there is a personification of the nature in these events, in which it is identified as a major culprit for the consequences, changes, destruction and death. This representation of the climate shows that there is no deep discussion over the influence of human intervention on nature itself. The news values that guide the approach to climate and weather in Zero Hora are not related to aspects such as environmental issues. Problems such as poor urban space planning, the siltation of rivers, high risk areas public policies, which can be considered as causes of flooding, for example, are not made evident in the news about the climate. / Nesse trabalho procuramos refletir sobre o papel do jornalismo ao construir determinadas representações da relação entre o homem e o clima, principalmente diante do cenário das mudanças climáticas. Partimos do pressuposto de que a notícia é um tipo específico de sistema simbólico e configura-se numa construção cultural, construída através dos valores-notícias que funcionam com mapas de representação. Nosso objetivo geral é analisar a cobertura do clima em Zero Hora, nas suas diferentes editorias, a partir dos valores-notícia para evidenciar como se dá, nas notícias, a relação homem e clima. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa concentram-se em caracterizar os acontecimentos climáticos para o jornalismo, definir conceitos como tempo e clima, compreender como se dá historicamente a relação entre a imprensa e clima e entre jornalismo e meteorologia. Apresentamos um mapeamento dos acontecimentos climáticos em Zero Hora através de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem quantitativa de caráter exploratório para identificarmos os valores-notícia, e seus significados a partir de alguns aspectos das teorias das Representações utilizando contribuições de Patrick Charaudeau, Stuart Hall e Cristina Ponte. Também realizamos entrevistas com profissionais da meteorologia e do jornalismo para compreender como eles interagem com o tema. Nosso estudo buscou analisar desde as notícias que envolvem as condições variáveis do tempo no dia-a-dia até as que mostram os efeitos das mudanças climáticas que podem levar anos para se manifestar, no jornal Zero Hora, da Rede Brasil Sul, no Rio Grande do Sul. Analisamos 41 edições e mapeamos a cobertura de 90 acontecimentos climáticos. A partir dos valores-notícia encontrados podemos observar como Zero Hora representa a relação homem e clima. O trabalho conclui que o jornal representa o homem como vítima dos eventos climáticos. Há uma personificação da natureza, diante desses eventos, na qual ela é apontada como a grande culpada pelas consequências, mudanças, destruição e mortes. Essa representação do clima mostra que não há um debate aprofundado sobre a própria intervenção do homem na natureza. Os valores-notícia que guiam a abordagem do clima e do tempo em Zero Hora não estão relacionados a aspectos como a problemática ambiental. Problemas como a má ocupação do espaço urbano, o assoreamento dos rios, os locais de risco e a falta de políticas públicas, os quais podem ser apontados como causadores de alagamentos ou enchentes, por exemplo, não são evidenciados nas notícias sobre o clima.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a cobertura sobre o Código Florestal Brasileiro no Jornal Nacional de março de 2012 até maio de 2013. Utilizamos a metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo para verificar quais os valores-notícia de seleção e de construção que mais apareceram nas categorias de questão ambiental e política. Examinamos também quais foram as fontes mais consultadas no período de análise. Os valores-notícia de seleção mais usados foram conflito ou controvérsia, notoriedade e tempo (efeméride) nas duas questões. Os valores-notícia de seleção que apareceram mais nas duas questões foram dramatização e personalização, o valor de amplificação apareceu mais na questão política e o de simplificação na questão ambiental. As fontes mais utilizadas foram as primárias, oficiais e testemunhos. Em 2013, o Jornal Nacional não apresentou nenhuma matéria sobre o Código Florestal, nem em maio quando completou um ano de vigência. Concluímos que o foco ambiental foi preterido por uma cobertura política focada na disputa entre parlamentares ruralistas e ambientalistas em torno da redação do novo texto e do processo de votação. / This dissertation aims to the coverage about the Brazilian Forest Code in the Jornal Nacional, from 2012 to May 2013. The methodology used is content analysis in which will be checked what news values of selection and construction appear most in the categories environmental issue and politics. The most listened sources were also examined. The news values of selection that appear most were conflict or controversy, notoriety and time (ephemeris) in both issues and the news values of selection most used were dramatization, personalization on both issues and amplification, in the political issue, and simplification in the environmental issue. The most used sources were the primary, official and witnesses. In 2013, the Jornal Nacional showed no article about the Forest Code, not even in May when it completed one year of validity. We conclude that the environmental focus has been deprecated for a political coverage focused on the dispute between ruralist and environmentalist parliamentarians around the redaction of the new text.

The aim of this study was to find out how the war in Afghanistan is framed both in national and international context. This was conducted by comparing the national tv channel TOLOnews from Afghanistan with the international tv channel SVT Nyheter from Sweden. A qualitative text analysis as well as a semiotic photo analysis were implemented on four news articles and two photos from each channel respectively. Framing theory, agenda setting, and news values provided the theoretical background to be able to carry out the study. The significant findings of the study show that SVT Nyheter uses various secondary foreign sources for their articles in comparison to TOLOnews which uses only first-hand sources as can be expected of international and national tv channels. Furthermore, SVT Nyheter concentrates mostly on facts such as the number of people killed in attacks whereas TOLOnews concentrates more on the personal stories of the local people affected by the attacks. Finally, the study discusses what could be the underlying reasons of the findings of the study and thereby the differences of the framing of the war in Afghanistan by the two tv channels.

This thesis deals with visual communication in the form of photography. Explaining the theories of Roland Barthes and Vilém Flusser we point out the tight relationship of this medium with reality that obscures its constructive character. The witness role of photography seems to be essential in the context of journalism, where we are offered a story by the pictures that is however mistaken for reality itself. The thesis tries to present practices of media discourse that make us perceive an event as newsworthy. It draws on the theory of news values and the methods of social semiotic analysis and applies these to the winning photos of the contest Czech Press Photo (2006-2015). We highlight the semiotic resources used in the meaning-making process in relation to each picture. The results show that the preferred constructed news values are negativity, aesthetic appeal, proximity and personalisation and that the winning photographs mostly strengthen their semblance of being strictly informative.

This thesis analyzes the way of presenting the catastrophe called Sandy in the Czech media. The motivation for choosing this topic was the ascertainment that the information about Sandy narrows only on the information about New York in spite of the fact, that this hurricane, sometimes called tropical storm or "superstorm" caused many injuries in the area of Cuba, Jamaica, the Bahamas and especially Haiti. The analysis is realized by force of critical discourse analysis of Norman Fairclough, because this method is appropriate especially for analysing mass media texts in the way of offering complex view from the level of social context, through the process of production to the language form of texts. Consequently, theoretical background comes from the methods and concepts of Norman Fairclough, from the definition of media discourse, which is oriented on new media, news and news values. The analysis is oriented on the most readable Czech online news and the on the news web pages of the Czech public service television and the Czech public service radio. The goal of this thesis is primarily the comparison between the way of reporting about the hurricane between the commercial and public service online news articles; revealing ideological and powerful aspects in the way of this reporting; and the...

This thesis aims to prove or disprove the hypothesis that the media (Mlada fronta DNES and Lidové noviny), owned by a group of MAFRA, creates the media image of a migratory crisis consistent with the preview of the owner Andrej Babis. This thesis examines articles in the newspapers using quantitative content analysis on this topic appearing between March- December 2015. The theoretical section consists of two chapters; first dealing with the media image and the design of the media mechanism and second, introducing the terminology of migration and migration policy. The Thesis also includes the contextual information, capturing and describing the European migration crisis on the basis of these findings and constructed in the design research. The analytical part incorporates knowledge of quantitative analysis and research positions A. Babis. The conclusion answers the research questions that are for the purpose of writing this paper. This work is based on the relevance of the topic and the possible transformation of attitudes of political parties in the coming elections. Keywords: Media representation, migration crisis, refugees, MAFRA, Babiš, migration, media content analysis, ANO 2011, elections, news values

This thesis focuses on a media image of children's choirs influenced by the so-called "Kulínský Case". The aim of this thesis is to find out how and how often the Czech press informs about children's choirs and if the aforementioned case somehow changed the presentation of this content. The term "Kulínský Case" refers to the controversial case when choirmaster Bohumil Kulínský was found guilty of sexually abusing underage girls. First part of this thesis covers the media theories such as the news values and also describes the concepts linked with choir singing. In the research part, the results of quantitative and qualitative content analysis of three Czech daily newspapers Mladá fronta DNES, Lidové noviny and Právo are presented and interpreted. The analysis is focused on the content published in Prague editions of these three newspapers in two selected time frames. These time frames had been selected in accordance with the development of the "Kulínský Case". The research focuses on the frequency of the published texts, on used genres, newspaper sections and on the meaning and quality of the texts. Afterwards ensues the comparison of the two selected time frames. Furthermore, the last part of this research is focused on the media coverage of the death of Bohumil Kulínský by the online news...