The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of climate change policy by a transnational non-governmental organization (TNGO) in a developing country. The study specifically focuses on the case of Bangladesh Rural Action Committee (BRAC) and its climate change strategy in Bangladesh. The theoretical framework of the thesis comprises three parts: climate change as a security threat and the issue of survival, the discourse of weak and strong sustainability, and the needed shift towards critical green theory in International Relations. To conduct the analysis, the research utilized the strategic report published by BRAC in 2017. The chosen analytical methods encompass Dryzek's environmental discourse analysis and a simplified taxonomy of neoliberal and green environmental governance. The study found that BRAC's climate change policy in Bangladesh displays both weak and strong sustainability characteristics. However, strong sustainability appears to be more prominent within the organization’s strategies, as they predominantly strive to effect systemic transformation with a long-term orientation.

The diploma thesis is focused on the Czech and Polish environmental policy. The aim of the thesis is to reflect internal environmental policy from the point of view of the organization Greenpeace which is a non-governmental environmental organization. The thesis analyses how the Czech and Polish branches of the organization reflect the environmental issues of both national policies. The theses also analyses whether the branches consider the topics of environmental issues in the current policy to be sufficient and what activities they do to draw attention to possible shortcomings in environmental policy. In the opening chapters, the thesis is focused on the similarities and differences in the Czech and Polish environmental policy. There is also written whether the policies deal with global or local issues, or whether they reflect the present-day environmental topics. The thesis also mentions the Czech and Polish environmental movement, its establishment and development in the 80s and 90s in the 20th century. The thesis is mainly focused on the current period (since the year 2017) - it's the period of the government of Andrej Babiš and Mateusz Morawiecki. This is the period when the climate crisis is considered as the biggest topic of world environmentalism.

Save the Children Fund (SCF) was at its foundation in 1919 a value-driven organization. The values, or guiding principles, of the founding generation are the lens through which I look at the history of SCF, and the associated histories of war and peace, human rights and NGO-state relations. These guiding principles are identified as universalism, utilitarianism and optimistic pacificism. They can be understood as a paradigm to which the social community which made up the founding generation of SCF gave their assent. The first chapter locates the founding generation within the political culture of the anti-war movement. Succeeding chapters detail the metamorphosis of SCIF from a'contentious social movement into a respectable national organization. As soon as the organization adopted a national rather than a universal orientation, the coordinates of all its guiding principles shifted. In particular the optimistic pacificism of the founding generation was replaced by pessimistic defencism. It was not until after the Cold War that SCIF began to realign itself with its original guiding principles. The three guiding principles are found to be of continuing relevance. Universalism has been reasserted as a positive creed leading SCF to seize political opportunities to reach out to children from all sides. The organization has adopted a utilitarian perspective that affirms the dynamic role of young people in generating their own futures. Lastly, the primacy attached to peace by war-affected people has underlined SCFs urgent mission to uphold an optimistic belief in the possibility of peace. / Vera Steele Studentship in Peace Research

This thesis conducted a case study in order to identify and analyze the benefits andthe challenges of SAFe and DevSecOps adoption in governmental organizations. Ithas been identified that governmental organizations are falling behind the market inrespects of SAFe and DevSecOps adoption while in the same time not much researchhas been done in the specific market area, aim of this study is to provide moreinsights in the subject. In particular this research is trying to answer the followingquestions, how are the Governmental Organizations benefit from the DevSecOps andSAFe adoption and why is the adoption of DevSecOps and SAFe challenging forGovernmental Organizations.From the conducted case study identified clear benefits on the SAFe and DevSecOpsadoption for Governmental Organizations which are summed up to the bettermanagement of existing demand, increased transparency and compliance, bettersecurity assurance. At the same time challenges also surfaced in the scope of thestudy related with organization’s culture, administrative challenges related withorganization processes and security ones. Most of the results are in line with previousresearch on the broader market though specific challenges observed in correlationwith governmental organizations in particular.

Which environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) are positioned to be the most influential in climate negotiations? The structure of the environmental movement has undergone significant change over the development of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Since its inception there has been significant engagement by ENGOs with the yearly Conference of the Parties (COPs). In this tripartite project, I use an original dataset of relationship ties between ENGOs to construct a series of networks using social network analysis. Specifically, I examine network structures prior to three watershed moments in the history of the UNFCCC, the Kyoto, Copenhagen, and Paris COPs. Based on social network theory, an ENGO’s structural position can be viewed as a reflection of an ENGO’s perceived power, authority, and influence. I also study ENGO participation at COPs at these three distinct time points. In part one of this project, I describe how the structure of the environmental movement has changed over time in conjunction with the perceived success and failures of the UNFCCC process, leading to a bifurcated environmental movement. Additionally, I find that the ENGOs occupying central positions may have greater influence than other less central ENGOs, because they are more likely to serve on state delegations at the UNFCCC. In part two, I examine the role of alliance-based organizations in the larger environmental movement. Specifically, I describe how the ENGO network structure between alliance, policy and science-based organizations has changed over the history of the UNFCCC. The results suggest that alliance-based organizations occupy pivotal positions within the network, showing the potential for alliance-based organizations to help facilitate the representation of diverse viewpoints at international negotiations. In part three, I examine the relationships between ENGOs and human-centric organizations at the three distinct time points and find that despite an increased presence of ENGOs connected to human-centric organizations at the yearly COPs over time, there is still very little interconnectedness between these two movements. I also examine regions with the most ENGO/human-centric organizational connections and find Euro-centric dominance. In general, this is discussed as a missed opportunity. These findings have far reaching implications for the prospects of the UNFCCC developing, and states adopting, effective climate change policy that has the support of the environmental movement. / Political Science

<p>The purpose of the study was to learn how donor-dependent NGOs in Tanzania, working with the issue of girls’ education, obtain and maintain legitimacy in the eyes of financial donors as well as in their local society. The investigation also aimed to explore which present and future organizational challenges they manage at the same time as they deal with the issue of legitimacy. A field study in Tanzania was conducted during ten weeks and three different NGOs concerned with legitimacy, were studied to see how they manage this issue and handle the demands from donors, government and society. Interviews and participant observation were made at each organization and a complementary study of SIDA and the National Ministry of Education was made in order to do a comparison of the situation and views. All organizations stressed the importance of well-working institutions in society, predictability in the financial support from the donors and most important: the societal support that leads to legitimacy. In order to gain legitimacy, the greatest need is transparency of the documents and records, keeping promises and being able to confirm the positive outcome of the work. The plan for future independence was not well developed at any of the organizations, even though they were at different phases. The major concern with being a donor-dependent NGO in the developing world is to manage the relationship with the government at the same time as you are accountable to society and tackle demands from the donors. The greatest fear of all organizations was that the financial support would be terminated.</p>

La prolifération des acteurs non étatiques, favorisée par la mondialisation, est un phénomène marquant de notre histoire contemporaine. Rassemblés sous le vocable de «société civile», ils ont contribué à créer un foisonnement de normes sur le plan international allant, pour certains commentateurs, jusqu'à concurrencer l'État sur sa capacité de dire le droit. Parmi ces acteurs privés, les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) et les entreprises multinationales jouent un rôle prépondérant. Notre imaginaire collectif oppose cependant trop souvent l'ONG, symbole du désintéressement, à la multinationale assoiffée de profit. Le présent mémoire vise à relativiser ce constat manichéen et simplificateur. En analysant, dans une perspective de droit international, les moyens d'action des ONG et des multinationales, on se rend compte que les passerelles entre les deux «mondes» sont en réalité nombreuses. ONG et multinationales se retrouvent d'ailleurs dans leur aspiration commune à être reconnues formellement sur la scène internationale. L'opportunité d'une reconnaissance juridique de la société civile sera discutée. / The multiplication of non state actors that emerged as a consequence of globalization is a striking phenomenon of contemporaneous history. These actors otherwise referred to under the concept of «civil society», have contributed to a proliferation of norms in the international arena. Some commentators even convey the idea that the State is being overtly rivalled in this respect. Among these private actors, non governmental organizations (NGOs) and multinational firms play a significant role. In this regard, a common assumption is that NGOs are the symbol of selflessness, while multinationals would be profit-thirsty monsters. This master's thesis aims at relativizing this over-simplification. Under an international law perspective, the analysis of NGOs and multinationals' means of action, leads to the realization that many links do exist, between these two supposedly closed «worlds». Moreover, NGOs and multinationals share a common quest for formaI recognition on an international scale. The potential for legal recognition will be discussed.

Esta pesquisa buscou contribuir para o aprofundamento da compreensão do diálogo em processos de educação ambiental (EA) e da formulação de indicadores que permitam averiguar a dialogicidade no fazer das/dos educadoras(es) ambientais, uma vez que se constitui enquanto um princípio-base a ser adotado em processos educadores que sejam de fato transformadores da realidade. Para isso, buscou-se analisar como se deu o processo educador desenvolvido por uma organização não governamental com pescadores artesanais marítimos do litoral paulista, respondendo a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: As atividades de EA e de pesquisa desenvolvidas por uma ONG com pescadores artesanais marítimos do litoral paulista contribuíram para fomentar o diálogo entre a ONG e os pescadores em busca de uma transição para a pesca responsável e da melhoria das condições existenciais dos pescadores? Os dados foram coletados por meio da análise de documentos e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, sendo analisados a partir de uma síntese das ideias de Martin Buber, David Bohm, William Isaacs e Paulo Freire sobre o diálogo, composta por um conjunto de perguntas-indicadoras divididas em três categorias: aspectos externos, aspectos internos e ação dialógica. Os resultados encontrados demonstram a incipiência do diálogo na relação entre os atores. Os aspectos externos dialógicos se limitaram à frequência semanal das conversas e a algumas formas de disposição dos participantes em determinados encontros. Os aspectos internos revelaram o estabelecimento de dois tipos de relação: uma antidialógica e outra que chamei de dialógica incipiente por apresentar alguns indícios de emergência do diálogo, não sendo, no entanto, fortes o suficiente para caracterizar a existência de um campo relacional dialógico. Em relação à ação dialógica foi possível verificar o início de um processo de acordo com os princípios dos círculos de cultura. No entanto, a falta de priorização da continuidade de tal processo nos permite afirmar que não houve uma ação dialógica de acordo com os indicadores elaborados, caracterizando-se, assim, enquanto uma emergência dialógica suprimida. Além disso, quanto às estratégias pedagógicas adotadas nos diferentes encontros de EA é possível afirmar que aquela utilizada nos diagnósticos participativos foi a única que potencializou a emergência do diálogo. Por fim, vale destacar as potencialidades dialógicas encontradas nos dois atores da pesquisa. Alguns pescadores apresentaram uma forte postura de abertura ao Outro, inclusive se permitindo enfrentar e superar medos adquiridos em outras relações, realizando, assim, a suspensão de tais pressupostos. A ONG, por sua vez, apresentou importantes atitudes estimuladoras do diálogo, como a escuta genuína, o respeito, a não utilização de linguajar acadêmico e a não imposição de ideias. Todas essas potencialidades devem ser estimuladas juntamente com a criação de novas, de forma a permitir o avanço na existência dialógica e a efetividade da transição para um novo modelo de pesca e de sociedade. / This research sought to contribute to the deepening of the understanding of the dialogue in environmental education (EE) processes and the formulation of indicators that allow to ascertain the dialogicity in the making of the environmental educators, since it constitutes as a base principle to be adopted in educative processes that are in fact transforming reality. To this, we sought to analyze how the educator process developed by a non-governmental organization with maritime artisanal fishermen from the coast of São Paulo answered the following research question: The EE and research activities developed by an NGO with artisanal marine fishermen coast of the state helped to foster dialogue between the NGO and the fishermen in search of a transition to responsible fishing and improvement of the existential conditions of fishermen? The data were collected through the analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews, being analyzed from a synthesis of the ideas of Martin Buber, David Bohm, William Isaacs and Paulo Freire on the dialogue, composed of a set of questions-indicators divided into three categories: external aspects, internal aspects and dialogical action. The results show the incipience of dialogue in the relationship between the actors. The external dialogical aspects were limited to the weekly frequency of the conversations and to some forms of disposition of the participants in certain meetings. The internal aspects revealed the establishment of two types of relation: one anti-dialogical and another that I called incipient dialogic for presenting some signs of emergence of the dialog, not being, however, strong enough to characterize the existence of a dialogical conversational field. In relation to the dialogical action it was possible to verify the beginning of a process according to the principles of the culture circles. However, the lack of prioritization of the continuity of such a process allows us to affirm that there was no dialogical action according to the elaborated indicators, thus characterizing itself as a suppressed dialogical emergency. In addition, regarding the pedagogical strategies adopted in the different EE meetings, it is possible to affirm that the one used in the participatory diagnoses was the only one that potentiates the emergence of the dialogue. Finally, it is worth highlighting the dialogical potentialities found in the two actors of the research. Some fishermen presented a strong attitude of openness to the Other, including allowing themselves to face and overcome fears acquired in other relationships, thus making the suspension of such assumptions. The NGO, on the other hand, presented important stimulating attitudes of dialogue, such as genuine listening, respect, non-use of academic language and non-imposition of ideas. All these potentialities must be stimulated together with the creation of new ones, in order to allow the advancement in the dialogical existence and the effectiveness of the transition to a new model of fishing and society.

<p>This paper presents the marketing management of the nonprofit sector as a prerequisite for NGO sustainability. It examines the existing literature on the nonprofit marketing, the current situation of the local NGOs in Kosovo with regards to the application of marketing. The research methodology follows the introduction and presentation of the research objectives. The theoretical background introduces the necessary baseline to analyze empirical findings. The empirical findings and analysis reveal that nonprofit sector in Kosovo does not have a holistic marketing approach. The focus of the research is to emphasize the importance of marketing orientation, segmentation, and planning at nonprofit sector. Moreover, NGOs should create, communicate and deliver values based on customers’ (beneficiaries, volunteers, and donors) needs.</p><p>As a result of this research, a marketing plan guide was prepared.  The guide aims to educate NGOs in Kosovo about the benefits of having a holistic marketing approach and will serve as basis for further marketing planning.</p>

The purpose of the study was to learn how donor-dependent NGOs in Tanzania, working with the issue of girls’ education, obtain and maintain legitimacy in the eyes of financial donors as well as in their local society. The investigation also aimed to explore which present and future organizational challenges they manage at the same time as they deal with the issue of legitimacy. A field study in Tanzania was conducted during ten weeks and three different NGOs concerned with legitimacy, were studied to see how they manage this issue and handle the demands from donors, government and society. Interviews and participant observation were made at each organization and a complementary study of SIDA and the National Ministry of Education was made in order to do a comparison of the situation and views. All organizations stressed the importance of well-working institutions in society, predictability in the financial support from the donors and most important: the societal support that leads to legitimacy. In order to gain legitimacy, the greatest need is transparency of the documents and records, keeping promises and being able to confirm the positive outcome of the work. The plan for future independence was not well developed at any of the organizations, even though they were at different phases. The major concern with being a donor-dependent NGO in the developing world is to manage the relationship with the government at the same time as you are accountable to society and tackle demands from the donors. The greatest fear of all organizations was that the financial support would be terminated.