Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka heterosexuella män som utsätts för våld i nära relationer. För att besvara vårt syfte samt frågeställningar har vi genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda inom polisen och kompletterat det med vad tidigare internationell forskning säger om problematiken. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna har varit genusteorier om maskulinitet och manlighet samt teorier om ideala offer. De centrala fynden som gjorts är att våld mot män i nära relationer är relativt ovanligt men förekommande och inte lätt att definiera. Slutsatser som vi har dragit är att problematiken präglas av samhällets normer om vad som anses vara ”traditionellt”, detta styr uppfattningen om vem som ska vara och inte vara offer. En annan slutsats vi dragit är att de stödinsatser som finns för utsatta män behöver uppdateras.

In Alternext, companies could choose two different kinds of IPO mechanisms; one is Public Offer, and the other is Private Placement. In fact, Private Placement in Alternext means 100% book-building. This article focused on what kind of companies would intend to choose Private Placement other than Public Offer, and compared their IPO discounts and market performance with companies using another mechanism. Companies with low profitability and no family holding would prefer to use Private Placement. However, companies with highly information asymmetry and profitability would also choose Private Placement. From the view of post-IPO liquidity, we infer that companies that choose Private Placement may be due to their preference for long-term investors. Referring to IPO indirect cost, we found that companies choosing Private Placement pay higher IPO discount cost. However, their post-IPO cumulated abnormal returns (CAR) are higher than companies using Public Offering.

This explorative study strives to  investigate the marketing strategies companies apply in the Duty-Free market and whether consumers perceive them accordingly. The theoretical concepts used for this research were: marketing strategies in the Duty Free market and consumer behavior to allow a comparative approach. In addition, three Variables have been considered and explored: the Offer, the Customer Service and the importance of the Atmosphere in consumers’ purchasing behavior. A model  was created to  connect  all the theoretical concepts and contributed to answering the research question. Perspectives of firms and consumers were investigated  through interviews and surveys. The  Atmosphere, the  Offer  and the  Customer  Service  were examined  as marketing strategy’s variables.  The  former is relevant in influencing customers’ behavior, the  offer  of exclusive products meets the needs and expectancies of customers, but the poor customer service degrades the purchasing experience. The marketing strategies of firms need to be shaped according to these conclusions.

Titel: ”Jag sa nej. Hur säger man ett nej så att det blir mer nej?”   Författare: Kristin Westesson och Johanna Westergård   Kurs, termin och år: C-uppsats, HT 2013   Antal ord i uppsatsen: 16 785   Problemformulering och syfte: En av de våldtäkter som kvällstidningarna bevakade 2013 var en gruppvåldtäkt på en 15-årig flicka i Tensta. Den fick stor uppmärksamhet i kvällspressen efter att de misstänkta, sex jämnåriga pojkarna, friades i hovrätten. Krönikörer, debattörer och ledarskribenter vaknade till liv och recenserade det domslut många tyckte var felaktigt. Politiker engagerade sig, folk skrev på protestlistor och det var nakenprotester utanför Svea Hovrätt. Det här fallet har alltså berört många i Sverige. Hur skildrade Sveriges största kvällstidningar, Aftonbladet och Expressen, händelsen? Tog de någons parti? Vem var offer och vem var egentligen gärningsman? Tenstafallet väckte många frågor och ligger till grund för den här fallstudien. Brottsjournalistik upptar en stor del av kvällstidningarna, samtidigt som forskning om medier och brott är knapphändig utifrån ett genusperspektiv. Att studera hur media skriver om brott, inte minst om våldtäkter, är viktigt då människans verklighetsuppfattning i allt högre grad formas av massmedier. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur offret/flickan och gärningsmännen/pojkarna framställdes i Tenstafallet i Aftonbladet och Expressen, samt om gestaltningarna stämmer överens med de myter som finns i forskningen kring gärningsmän och offer.   Metod och material: Fallstudien baserades på en kvalitativ textanalys där samtliga texter i de båda tidningarna om våldtäkten – nyhetsartiklar, ledare, debattartiklar, kolumner och krönikor – analyserades.   Huvudresultat: Resultaten av denna studie visar att varken offret eller gärningsmännen beskrevs särskilt ingående, samt att rapportering om våldtäkter förändrats. Offret får ingen skuld i det inträffade och gärningsmännens skuld pendlar från att vara framstående i början av fallet till att vara mindre i slutet. De frias dock aldrig helt av media trots att de friats av hovrätten. I slutet av medierapporteringen är det hovrätten och hela samhället som är skurken. Hovrätten, som har gjort en felaktig bedömning och inte ställer sig på flickans sida, och samhället som har dåliga lagar och inte förmår hjälpa pojkar som kan göra sådana här saker. Att kritiskt granska och lyfta fram varför hovrätten har gjort den här bedömningen görs inte i många artiklar.   Nyckelord: Journalistik, våldtäkt, offer, gärningsman, Aftonbladet, Expressen, genus, brott, kvällstidning, kriminologi.

No description available.

This research examines the relationship of initial public offer (IPO) underpricing and intrinsic value in the Australian fixed-price setting. The first stage of the research contains a review of major underpricing theories (asymmetric information, institutional explanations and theories of ownership and control) and relates these theories to the Australian institutional setting. A baseline model of underpricing is developed from analysis of Australian empirical IPO literature. The second stage of the research is the disaggregation of underpricing into mispricing (MP) and misvaluation (MV) components. MP captures the extent of the issuer‟s influence on underpricing and is measured as the difference between the intrinsic value of an IPO share and its offer price. MV captures the extent of investors‟ influence on underpricing and is measured as the difference between the intrinsic value of an IPO share and its market price at listing.Mispricing is modelled with issuer-related variables that have hypothesised associations with offer price. Results show a proxy for IPO market sentiment and the size of the IPO relative to industry median market capitalisation make significant contributions to the explanation of mispricing. Misvaluation is modelled with investor characteristics that have hypothesised associations with market price. A proxy for general market sentiment and the level of mispricing make significant contributions to the explanation of misvaluation. The third stage of the research integrates results from the disaggregation of underpricing with the baseline model.Several conclusions can be drawn from the results. First, with respect to mispricing, issuers incorporate their knowledge of current IPO market conditions when establishing offer price, with more positive mispricing observed during hot IPO markets. Further, issuers taking relatively larger companies public tend to overprice their issues. This result persists even after controlling for potential scale effects. Second, with respect to misvaluation, overpriced issues (i.e. positive mispricing) are also overvalued by the market. This result provides an indication that price is not a suitable proxy for value. Third, prior Australian research [Cotter, Goyen & Hegarty (2005) and How, Lam & Yeo (2007)] reports a negative association for mispricing and underpricing. Consistent with US results (Zheng, 2007), no relationship isobserved for this sample. Overall, the results from this research indicate that investor-related factors are the primary drivers of underpricing.This research makes eight major contributions to the body of knowledge. The first is the novel approach of disaggregating underpricing into mispricing and misvaluation components. Second, mispricing is modelled and it is demonstrated that previously hypothesised issuer-related factors do not explain mispricing. Third, misvaluation is modelled, providing some interesting insights into the role of market sentiment in the underpricing context. Fourth, the relationships of mispricing, misvaluation and underpricing are investigated. Fifth, the Australian institutional setting is compared to that of the US and implications for future research are identified. Sixth, the baseline model of underpricing consolidates variables developed from prior Australian literature, providing a yardstick for comparison in future underpricing research. Seventh, evidence shows issuers exploit high market sentiment with positive mispricing in the fixed-price setting. The final major contribution relates to the role of institutional investors in the fixed-price setting. Contributions to the IPO literature on ownership and control, signalling, asymmetric information theories of ex ante uncertainty and agency theory are also made with tests of key variables in the mispricing and misvaluation models. Finally, evidence on the role of institutional investors in the fixed-price setting and on the role of demand (informed and total) sheds light on the underpricing puzzle.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2008. / Principal faculty advisor: Charles Robert Link, Dept. of Economics. Includes bibliographical references.

Dokumentärberättelser om utsatthet är fängslande i beaktande att de berör sociohistoriska händelser om människors livsöden. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie är att genom en semiotisk bildanalys av dokumentärproduktionerna He named me Malala (2015), Exodus: Our Journey to Europe (2016) och Min oro (2017) studera hur berättelser om utsatthet skildras i dokumentärfilm. Studiens huvudsakliga frågor kretsade kring: Hur gestaltas utsatthet genom bildkomposition? Vilka metoder bidrar till att tittare kan knyta an till de framställda aktörerna? och På vilket sätt presenteras aktörerna i dokumentärfilm -som offer eller som handlingskraftiga? Resultatet visade att filmmakarnas val av berättarkomponenter tydligt framhäver handlingskraften hos de framställda aktörerna. Således blev slutsatsen att de berörda framställs som mångfacetterade människor, som har besegrat ett mödofyllt livsöde trots att de hamnar i offerstatus i samhället. Detta har till följd att åskådaren kan knyta an till dem vederbörande oavsett skillnader i produktionsförhållanden.

The thesis examines the economics of the production of cereals in the Czech Republic by focusing on the importance of agriculture and by clarifying the role of state intervention in the cereal market. The main research interest was the outcome of economic activities in the respective production areas. Based on the observed data, a proposal for state regulatory measures has been drafted, which could aid in solving common problems connected with growing cereal crops on farms.

Background: Health systems around the world are facing significant shifts in demographic profiles due to increasing ethnic, cultural and linguistic diversity of populations they serve. However, the provision of health care and health services in the language of the minority has been difficult and inconsistent. The concept of the health-literate organization has been developed amid growing recognition that system changes are needed to align health-care delivery with the needs, skills, and abilities of the population. Despite the recent proliferation of research on health literacy, studies of organizational health literacy are still uncommon. Objective: This dissertation addresses the concept and practical application of “organizational health literacy” in the context of an active offer of health services in French in Ontario, Canada. I attempt to answer the question “How can health literacy advance the development of health-care designs that are responsive and accessible to official language minority?” Methods: My research consists of a three-part project that used health services research methodology and has been accomplished in academic partnership with the French Language Health Services Network of Eastern Ontario. I first conducted a review both of the literature on health literacy in linguistic minorities and of the content of organizational health literacy guides. Using a practical example of an active offer of French-language services in Ontario, I applied the organizational health-literacy framework in order to examine the strategies used by health-care organizations to provide for the active offer of health services in French. My analysis focuses on health-literacy dimensions (e.g., access and navigation, communication), quality improvement characteristics (e.g., assessment, improvement actions), and also organizational-level changes (e.g., administrative strategies, direct client services, governance). A focus group of health-care administrators provided a unique insight into the planning and implementation of the active offer and organizational health literacy and associated challenges. Results: Overall, my results show that, although organizational changes may be implemented with the purpose of improving the quality of care by providing linguistically appropriate services, these changes are largely insufficient to achieve this goal. Conclusions: The concept of organizational health literacy has not yet received the attention it deserves, but its relevance is clear: Health-care organizations must be health-literate to be able to address healthcare needs of their diverse patients. There is a significant gap between where health services are and where they ought to be to satisfy the designation criteria for the active offer of services in French. The concept and the novel theoretical framework of organizational health literacy offers the potential of improving and strengthening the process of designation and planning of an active offer of health services in French.