[pt] Hirschman (1992) lançou bases para uma teoria de consumo compulsivo, a partir de estudo conduzido com consumidores de drogas, de álcool e de jogos de azar. O surgimento da Internet trouxe nova forma de consumo compulsivo, a pornografia on-line, com diferenças significativas dos estudados por Hirschman. Uma vez que pouco se conhece sobre o assunto, buscou-se ampliar o conhecimento sobre consumo compulsivo identificando antecedentes e consequências, a partir de relatos de participantes de um grupo brasileiro de suporte on-line que se autodeclaram dependentes. Baseada em interpretação hermenêutica, foi feita netnografia em 9 mil mensagens e discussões em 20 diários de membros da comunidade. Foram identificados seis grupos de antecedentes (percepção de risco, emoções negativas, compulsão em série, mudança relevante de vida e fácil acesso ao consumo) e consequências (percepção da compulsão, objetificação da mulher, queda da autoestima, problemas pessoais e profissionais, depressão e pensamento suicida e disturbios sexuais). Em seguida, foram conduzidas 15 entrevistas com participantes voluntários, para aprofundar o entendimento sobre categorias levantadas. Os resultados revelam que, embora os sete temas identificados por Hirschman estejam presentes nos relatos, outros temas, como objetificação da mulher, perda do senso de masculinidade e distúrbios sexuais parecem ser próprios do consumo de pornografia. / [en] Hirschman (1992) opened the way for a compulsive consumption theory from the study conducted with drugs, alcohol and gambling-addicted. The emergence of the Internet brought with it a new form of compulsive consumption: the online pornography and its peculiarities in relation to Hirschman s study. Since little is known from the subject, we sought to magnify the knowledge on compulsive consumption by the identification of a Brazilian group of online support for auto declared dependents. Based on hermeneutical interpretation, it was made netnography with nine thousand messages and discussions on 20 diaries of members of the community. There were identified six groups of precedents (risk perception, negative emotions, simultaneous addiction, role transition, easy access of consumption) and consequences (perceived addiction, woman objectification, low self-esteem, personal and professional problems, depression and suicidal thought and sexual disorders). Next, fifteen phenomenological interviews were conducted with voluntary participants to deepen the understanding of the identified categories. The results reveal that besides the seven themes pointed by Hirschman that were present on the reports, other themes, such as women objectification, loss of sense of masculinity and sexual disturbances seem to be intrinsic to pornography consumption.

Le rôle des communautés a été intentionnellement négligé dans l’analyse les modèles d'affaires de la pornographie mainstream (Darling, 2014), nous soutenons cependant qu’il est essentiel à la production de pornographie alternative. Le but de cette thèse consiste alors à comprendre le rôle des communautés et des entrepreneurs dans la production de pornographie sex-positive dans un contexte où le régime de propriété intellectuelle est faible. Nous utilisons une méthodologie qualitative pour aborder cette question, afin de documenter l'activité communautaire et entrepreneuriale de cette niche. Nous concluons que le contenu pornographique sex-pos est exploité principalement par des moyens informels, fondés sur des motivations intrinsèques et des mécanismes de réputation. Plus précisément, ces communautés jouent un rôle central dans la création de contenu protégé par le droit d'auteur, car ils agissent comme des instruments d'exploitation et d'appropriation de la propriété intellectuelle. / Business models for mainstream porn were extensively explained by Darling (2014).While the role of communities was intentionally overlooked for this segment of the industry, I argue that it is central to the production of alternative pornographies. The research question, then, consists in investigating the role of creative communities and entrepreneurs in producing digital sex-positive pornography in a context of a weak intellectual property regime. I used a qualitative method to tackle this question,in order to document community and entrepreneurial activity in the sex-positive niche. As a conclusion, I find that sex-pos pornographic content is specifically exploited mostly through informal means, based on intrinsic motivation and reputational mechanisms. More specifically, these communities and entrepreneurs are central to the creation of copyrighted content, as they act as informal instruments of intellectual property exploitation and appropriation.

Le début du 21e siècle a connu la prolifération d’un genre pornographique hétérosexuel dans lequel des femmes portant des voiles islamiques s’adonnent à des rapports sexuels. Les vidéos appartenant à ce pornotype disposent de millions de visionnements et s’illustrent parmi les contenus mainstream accessibles sur les plateformes pornographiques en ligne telles que Pornhub, YouPorn, Xvideos et autres de ce genre. Prenant part au contexte plus large d’islamophobie croissante à la suite des événements du 11 septembre 2001, aux États-Unis, ces films sont riches de sens quant à la représentation des voiles islamiques ainsi que des femmes qui les portent à titre de signifiants de l’Islam et de l’« Orient ». Située au sein des Cultural Studies et des Porn Studies, et empruntant des notions aux études postcoloniales et intersectionnelles, cette recherche permet de mettre en évidence différents éléments sémiotiques, géographiques et sociaux, ainsi qu’historiques et culturels propres aux régimes de représentations et discours articulés dans ces images.Cette étude critique prend la forme d’une analyse de contenu qualitative réalisée avec un échantillonnage déterminé selon des critères de popularité, qui est composé de quinze vidéos pornographiques états-uniennes produites entre 2001 et 2020 provenant des six plateformes pornographiques les plus populaires aux États-Unis au moment de la sélection. Ce travail d’analyse témoigne notamment de la mobilisation des voiles à des fins de différenciation; des tentatives d’aplanissement et d’homogénéisation des différentes cultures associées à l’« Orient »; du statut de subordonnées et de victimes imputé aux femmes voilées; ainsi que de l’objectification, de la fétichisation et des pratiques de désaveu à l’égard de ces femmes dans ce contexte pornographique. Qui plus est, poussant ces réflexions davantage en mobilisant par ailleurs un regard psychanalytique, ce mémoire met en lumière la nostalgie qui se dégage de ces images à l’égard de la grandeur américaine outragée par les événements du 11 septembre 2001, de la transformation du marché du travail plus égalitaire entre hommes et femmes, ainsi que la supposée « crise de la masculinité ». / The beginning of the twenty-first century is marked by the proliferation of a genre of online heterosexual pornography involving women wearing Islamic veils engaging in sexual acts. These videos have been watched millions of times and are part of the mainstream content available on online pornographic platforms including Pornhub, YouPorn, Xvideos. This mémoire situates these videos within a broader context of the rise of Islamophobia following the events of 9/11 in the United States, and they are especially meaningful for their representations of Islamic veils and the women wearing them, both operating as symbols of Islam and what is commonly understood in Western contexts as the « Orient » (Saïd, 1979). This research is academically situated amongst Cultural and Porn Studies, but also mobilises concepts from postcolonial, psychoanalytic and intersectional theories and approaches. In addition, this study emphasizes semiotic, geographic and social, as well as historical and cultural elements specific to the regimes of representation and discourses articulated in these images. This qualitative research deploys a visual content analysis method, mobilizing a purposeful sample based on popularity composed of 15 American pornographic videos made between the year 2001 and 2020 found on the six most popular pornographic platforms in the United States of America at the moment of the selection. This study brings to light: the purposeful use of Islamic veils as a means of differentiation; the attempts to flatten and homogenize the different cultures and nations associated with the « Orient »; the status of subordinates and victims attributed to veiled women; along with practices of objectification, fetishization and disavowal concerning veiled women in this pornographic context. Finally, this study reveals a certain nostalgia in these videos for an American global geopolitical domination destabilized by the events of 9/11, the transformation of the labor market as some women achieve increased equality in the workplace, as well as the discourse of a “crisis of masculinity.”